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BELL RINGER
• Based on what you have learned, describe the
differences between the North and the South during
the 1800’s.
THE PRE-CIVIL WAR SOUTH
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW DID THE ECONOMY, CULTURE,
AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE SOUTH INFLUENCE
EVENTS PRIOR TO THE CIVIL WAR?
EXPANSION TO THE DEEP
SOUTH
• The South’s economy was almost
entirely based on agriculture
• By 1850, the population had spread
inland into the Deep South (GA,
SC, AL, MS, LA, and TX)
• Slavery was growing in the South
and eliminated in the North
• The Upper South relied on tobacco,
hemp, wheat, and vegetables
• The Deep South relied on cotton,
rice, and sugarcane
EXPANSION TO THE DEEP
SOUTH- REVIEW
• 1. What states make up the Deep South?
• 2. Contrast the difference between agriculture in the
Upper South and the Deep South.
COTTON IS KING
• In colonial times, Southern
planters grew rice, indigo, and
tobacco
• European textile mills were
demanding more cotton
• Cotton labor was difficult and
tedious- workers had to
remove seeds from the fibers
• Slave labor was used for this
difficult job
The pre civil war south ppt
COTTON IS KING- REVIEW
• 3. Explain how Europe influenced an increase in
cotton production in the Deep South.
• 4. Describe why plantation owners felt the need to
use slave labor for cotton farming.
ELI WHITNEY AND THE COTTON
GIN
• In 1793, Whitney invented the
cotton gin for the purpose of
making removing seeds easier.
• With this invention, productivity
increased
• Cotton farmer were able to harvest
50 times more cotton with the
cotton gin
• The cotton gin lead to an increase
in the demand for slave labor
• Slavery spread across a larger
area of the South
The pre civil war south ppt
ELI WHITNEY AND THE COTTON
GIN- REVIEW
• 5. What was the purpose of the cotton gin?
• 6. What effect did the cotton gin have on the number
of slaves in the South?
• 7. Why did it have this effect?
THE DOMESTIC SLAVE TRADE
• “Domestic”- within the United
States
• Atlantic Slave Trade was banned in
1808, even though some illegal
trading occurred after that
• Slave trading within the U.S.
became big business in the Deep
South where cotton, rice, and
sugarcane were the primary crops
• Slaves were bought and sold at
auctions and families were often
split apart
DOMESTIC SLAVE TRADE-
REVIEW
• 8. Describe the domestic slave trade.
INDUSTRY IN THE SOUTH
• Industry never caught on in the South
• Factories were expensive and farmers
would have to sell slaves to build them
• The majority of the Southern
population was poor or enslaved,
therefore they could not afford to buy
manufactured goods
• Successful industry in the South
included textiles in GA and SC and
iron in AL
• Industry was still not very typical in the
South
SOUTHERN INDUSTRY- REVIEW
• 9. List some reasons why industry never really
caught on in the South.
• 10. What type of industry became successful in
South Carolina and Georgia?
• 11. What type of industry became successful in
Alabama?
SOUTHERN TRANSPORTATION
• Farmers and the few
manufacturers used natural
waterways to transport
goods
• Towns were located along
rivers because canals were
scarce and roads were poor
• South had fewer railroads
than the North therefore
Southern cities grew more
slowly
SOUTHERN TRANSPORTATION-
REVIEW
• 12. How were goods transported in the South?
• 13. Why were towns located along natural
waterways?
• 14. What effect did the lack of railroads have on the
South?
MEMPHIS: THE COTTON
CAPITAL OF THE SOUTH
• Memphis was an important
commercial city in the cotton
industry
• Located on the eastern bank of the
Mississippi River
• Close to fertile Mississippi River
delta and flatlands- suitable for
cotton farming
• Farmers and planters would take
cotton to Memphis where it could
be sold and transported to textile
manufacturers in the North and
other parts of the world
MEMPHIS: THE COTTON
CAPITAL OF THE SOUTH-
REVIEW
• 15. Why was Memphis considered the “cotton
capital of the South?”
• 16. Why did farmers send their cotton to Memphis?
SMALL FARMERS AND THE
RURAL POOR
• Most whites in the South were yeoman
farmers- small farms of 50-200 acres
• These farmers lived mostly in the Upper
South and the hilly areas of the Deep South
• They did not use plantation agriculture,
instead they grew crops for themselves and
local trade
• Tenant farmers worked on rented land from
landowners
• The rural poor were stubborn, independent,
and looked down upon by others. However,
they were proud to be able to provide for their
families.
• Some free African-Americans owned slaves
like plantation owners while others bought
their own family members to free them
SMALL FARMERS AND THE
RURAL POOR- REVIEW
• 17. Most whites in the South were
_______________ farmers who owned small farms.
• 18. Explain the difference between small farming
and plantation farming.
• 19. Some whites were __________________
farmers who worked on rented land.
• 20. Describe the rural poor of the South.
PLANTATION OWNERS
• Plantation owners measured wealth by number
of slaves
• In 1860, only 4% of slaveowners had 20 or more
slaves
• Plantations had fixed costs year after year even
though cotton prices changed
• Changes in cotton prices meant the difference
between a good and bad year
• Owners traveled to do business while wives
would look over the plantation and keep financial
records
• Some slaves on plantations would do
household chores or specialized jobs while
others were field hands
• Overseers were in charge of supervising slave
labor
PLANTATION OWNERS- REVIEW
• 21. How did plantation owners measure wealth?
• 22. What percentage of slaveowners owned 20 or more slaves in
1860?
• 23. Why could changes in cotton prices result in the difference
between a successful or unsuccessful year?
• 24. Some slaves did household chores, while others were
_____________________.
• 25. Who was in charge of the day-to-day supervision of slave
labor?
AFRICAN-AMERICAN FAMILY
LIFE
• Laws did not recognize slave
marriage
• Slaves still married in their own
ceremonies and raised families
• Families were often separated
• African-Americans relied on a
network of extended relative
members to take care of family
members if families were
separated
AFRICAN-AMERICAN FAMILY
LIFE- REVIEW
• 26. Why did slaves have their own marriage
ceremonies?
• 27. Why were extended family members important
for enslaved African-Americans?
AFRICAN-AMERICAN CULTURE
• By 1860, most slaves had been
born in the U.S.
• African-Americans tried to
preserve African customs
• Traditional folk stories were
passed down to children
• African-American music was
uniquely rhythmic with call-and-
response
• The beat of the music set the
tempo of their work in the fields
AFRICAN-AMERICAN CULTURE-
REVIEW
• 28. Even though most slaves had been born in the
U.S. (by 1860), they still tried to preserve
________________________.
• 29. What connection did African-American music
have to slave labor?
AFRICAN-AMERICAN RELIGION
• Some slaves kept
traditional African religious
practices
• Others accepted
Christianity
• Slaves expressed
themselves through
spirituals, or religious folk
songs
The pre civil war south ppt
AFRICAN-AMERICAN RELIGION-
REVIEW
• 30. Which two religions were followed by most
slaves?
• 31. How did slaves express religious beliefs and
emotions?
SLAVE CODES
• Laws in Southern states
aimed at controlling
African-American slaves
• Meant to prevent slave
rebellions
• Slaves could not meet in
large groups, leave
property without written
permission, or learn how
to read and write
SLAVE CODES- REVIEW
• 32. What were slave codes?
• 33. What were some examples of slave codes?
FIGHTING BACK
• Some slaves, like Nat Turner, decided to rebel
• Turner taught himself to read and write, led a
group of followers on a brief rampage in
Virginia, and ended up killing at least 55 whites
• Turner was captured and hanged
• Following Nat Turner’s rebellion, dozens of
African-Americans were hanged by white
mobs, even though most had nothing to do
with Turner’s rebellion
• Violent slave revolts were rare because slaves
felt like they had no chance of winning
• Slave resistance consisted of breaking tools,
faking illness, working slowly, setting fires, etc.
FIGHTING BACK- REVIEW
• 34. What happened during Nat Turner’s Rebellion?
• 35. Why were slave revolts rare?
• 36. How did slaves resist without rebelling?
SOUTHERN CITIES AND
EDUCATION
• Even though the South was
primarily agricultural, major cities
popped up along waterways and
railroad crossings
• Free African-Americans made
their homes in these cities
• Some states started public
education by the mid-1800’s but
the South still lagged behind in
literacy
• Southerners believed education
was a private matter
SOUTHERN CITIES- REVIEW
• 37. Where did major cities develop in the South?
• 38. Who made their home in these cities?
• 39. How did Southerners feel about education?

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The pre civil war south ppt

  • 1. BELL RINGER • Based on what you have learned, describe the differences between the North and the South during the 1800’s.
  • 2. THE PRE-CIVIL WAR SOUTH ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW DID THE ECONOMY, CULTURE, AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE SOUTH INFLUENCE EVENTS PRIOR TO THE CIVIL WAR?
  • 3. EXPANSION TO THE DEEP SOUTH • The South’s economy was almost entirely based on agriculture • By 1850, the population had spread inland into the Deep South (GA, SC, AL, MS, LA, and TX) • Slavery was growing in the South and eliminated in the North • The Upper South relied on tobacco, hemp, wheat, and vegetables • The Deep South relied on cotton, rice, and sugarcane
  • 4. EXPANSION TO THE DEEP SOUTH- REVIEW • 1. What states make up the Deep South? • 2. Contrast the difference between agriculture in the Upper South and the Deep South.
  • 5. COTTON IS KING • In colonial times, Southern planters grew rice, indigo, and tobacco • European textile mills were demanding more cotton • Cotton labor was difficult and tedious- workers had to remove seeds from the fibers • Slave labor was used for this difficult job
  • 7. COTTON IS KING- REVIEW • 3. Explain how Europe influenced an increase in cotton production in the Deep South. • 4. Describe why plantation owners felt the need to use slave labor for cotton farming.
  • 8. ELI WHITNEY AND THE COTTON GIN • In 1793, Whitney invented the cotton gin for the purpose of making removing seeds easier. • With this invention, productivity increased • Cotton farmer were able to harvest 50 times more cotton with the cotton gin • The cotton gin lead to an increase in the demand for slave labor • Slavery spread across a larger area of the South
  • 10. ELI WHITNEY AND THE COTTON GIN- REVIEW • 5. What was the purpose of the cotton gin? • 6. What effect did the cotton gin have on the number of slaves in the South? • 7. Why did it have this effect?
  • 11. THE DOMESTIC SLAVE TRADE • “Domestic”- within the United States • Atlantic Slave Trade was banned in 1808, even though some illegal trading occurred after that • Slave trading within the U.S. became big business in the Deep South where cotton, rice, and sugarcane were the primary crops • Slaves were bought and sold at auctions and families were often split apart
  • 12. DOMESTIC SLAVE TRADE- REVIEW • 8. Describe the domestic slave trade.
  • 13. INDUSTRY IN THE SOUTH • Industry never caught on in the South • Factories were expensive and farmers would have to sell slaves to build them • The majority of the Southern population was poor or enslaved, therefore they could not afford to buy manufactured goods • Successful industry in the South included textiles in GA and SC and iron in AL • Industry was still not very typical in the South
  • 14. SOUTHERN INDUSTRY- REVIEW • 9. List some reasons why industry never really caught on in the South. • 10. What type of industry became successful in South Carolina and Georgia? • 11. What type of industry became successful in Alabama?
  • 15. SOUTHERN TRANSPORTATION • Farmers and the few manufacturers used natural waterways to transport goods • Towns were located along rivers because canals were scarce and roads were poor • South had fewer railroads than the North therefore Southern cities grew more slowly
  • 16. SOUTHERN TRANSPORTATION- REVIEW • 12. How were goods transported in the South? • 13. Why were towns located along natural waterways? • 14. What effect did the lack of railroads have on the South?
  • 17. MEMPHIS: THE COTTON CAPITAL OF THE SOUTH • Memphis was an important commercial city in the cotton industry • Located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River • Close to fertile Mississippi River delta and flatlands- suitable for cotton farming • Farmers and planters would take cotton to Memphis where it could be sold and transported to textile manufacturers in the North and other parts of the world
  • 18. MEMPHIS: THE COTTON CAPITAL OF THE SOUTH- REVIEW • 15. Why was Memphis considered the “cotton capital of the South?” • 16. Why did farmers send their cotton to Memphis?
  • 19. SMALL FARMERS AND THE RURAL POOR • Most whites in the South were yeoman farmers- small farms of 50-200 acres • These farmers lived mostly in the Upper South and the hilly areas of the Deep South • They did not use plantation agriculture, instead they grew crops for themselves and local trade • Tenant farmers worked on rented land from landowners • The rural poor were stubborn, independent, and looked down upon by others. However, they were proud to be able to provide for their families. • Some free African-Americans owned slaves like plantation owners while others bought their own family members to free them
  • 20. SMALL FARMERS AND THE RURAL POOR- REVIEW • 17. Most whites in the South were _______________ farmers who owned small farms. • 18. Explain the difference between small farming and plantation farming. • 19. Some whites were __________________ farmers who worked on rented land. • 20. Describe the rural poor of the South.
  • 21. PLANTATION OWNERS • Plantation owners measured wealth by number of slaves • In 1860, only 4% of slaveowners had 20 or more slaves • Plantations had fixed costs year after year even though cotton prices changed • Changes in cotton prices meant the difference between a good and bad year • Owners traveled to do business while wives would look over the plantation and keep financial records • Some slaves on plantations would do household chores or specialized jobs while others were field hands • Overseers were in charge of supervising slave labor
  • 22. PLANTATION OWNERS- REVIEW • 21. How did plantation owners measure wealth? • 22. What percentage of slaveowners owned 20 or more slaves in 1860? • 23. Why could changes in cotton prices result in the difference between a successful or unsuccessful year? • 24. Some slaves did household chores, while others were _____________________. • 25. Who was in charge of the day-to-day supervision of slave labor?
  • 23. AFRICAN-AMERICAN FAMILY LIFE • Laws did not recognize slave marriage • Slaves still married in their own ceremonies and raised families • Families were often separated • African-Americans relied on a network of extended relative members to take care of family members if families were separated
  • 24. AFRICAN-AMERICAN FAMILY LIFE- REVIEW • 26. Why did slaves have their own marriage ceremonies? • 27. Why were extended family members important for enslaved African-Americans?
  • 25. AFRICAN-AMERICAN CULTURE • By 1860, most slaves had been born in the U.S. • African-Americans tried to preserve African customs • Traditional folk stories were passed down to children • African-American music was uniquely rhythmic with call-and- response • The beat of the music set the tempo of their work in the fields
  • 26. AFRICAN-AMERICAN CULTURE- REVIEW • 28. Even though most slaves had been born in the U.S. (by 1860), they still tried to preserve ________________________. • 29. What connection did African-American music have to slave labor?
  • 27. AFRICAN-AMERICAN RELIGION • Some slaves kept traditional African religious practices • Others accepted Christianity • Slaves expressed themselves through spirituals, or religious folk songs
  • 29. AFRICAN-AMERICAN RELIGION- REVIEW • 30. Which two religions were followed by most slaves? • 31. How did slaves express religious beliefs and emotions?
  • 30. SLAVE CODES • Laws in Southern states aimed at controlling African-American slaves • Meant to prevent slave rebellions • Slaves could not meet in large groups, leave property without written permission, or learn how to read and write
  • 31. SLAVE CODES- REVIEW • 32. What were slave codes? • 33. What were some examples of slave codes?
  • 32. FIGHTING BACK • Some slaves, like Nat Turner, decided to rebel • Turner taught himself to read and write, led a group of followers on a brief rampage in Virginia, and ended up killing at least 55 whites • Turner was captured and hanged • Following Nat Turner’s rebellion, dozens of African-Americans were hanged by white mobs, even though most had nothing to do with Turner’s rebellion • Violent slave revolts were rare because slaves felt like they had no chance of winning • Slave resistance consisted of breaking tools, faking illness, working slowly, setting fires, etc.
  • 33. FIGHTING BACK- REVIEW • 34. What happened during Nat Turner’s Rebellion? • 35. Why were slave revolts rare? • 36. How did slaves resist without rebelling?
  • 34. SOUTHERN CITIES AND EDUCATION • Even though the South was primarily agricultural, major cities popped up along waterways and railroad crossings • Free African-Americans made their homes in these cities • Some states started public education by the mid-1800’s but the South still lagged behind in literacy • Southerners believed education was a private matter
  • 35. SOUTHERN CITIES- REVIEW • 37. Where did major cities develop in the South? • 38. Who made their home in these cities? • 39. How did Southerners feel about education?