1. Diversity for Development
Development for Diversity
Parviz Koohafkan
Senior Honorary Research Fellow
Bioversity International

2. Land Degradation, Desertification, Climate Change, Poverty
and Migration

4. Systems at Risk at a Glance

5. Unique Agricultural Heritage Systems at risk

6. TOWARDS 2050.....
THE
CHALLENGE
AHEAD

7. Projected Population Increase

8. Changing Diet, Nutrition, health and
biodiversity
• Hidden hunger: missing micronutrients
– More than 2 billion worldwide
– Mostly women and children
• Double burden: diseases of “affluence”
– Type 2 diabetes, obesity, heart disease,
cancers

9. GRAIN CROP DIVERSITY IN FOOD
BASKET
Rice + Wheat + Maize = 89.4 %
GLOBAL GRAIN PRODUCTION, FAO 2008
Maize (33.4 %)
Wheat (28 %)
Barley
(6.4 %)
Sorghum
(2.7 %)
Rice (28 %)
Millet
(1.4 %)

10. Food diversity, Nutrition and Heath

11. Biodiversity

12. Malezas en floracion de las familias compositae o umbeliferae atraen
insectos beneficos en busca debiodiversity
Loss of functional polen y nectar

13. Towards 2050… food requirements
+60%
food
production
needs
globally
+100%
in developing
countries

14. The Challenges Ahead Require:
A Paradigm Shift in
Development(Agricultural) Policies
addressing
food security
and Poverty
While
Sustaining
Natural
Resources Base

15. Best options for the poorest?
Great success in the past… but still
nearly one billion people are hungry
• Key questions:
– to what extent can farmers improve
their food production with low-cost and
locally-available technologies and
inputs?
– What impacts do these methods have on
natural resources and environmental
goods and services and the livelihoods of
people relying on them?

16. A major opportunity: Small
holders and Family Farming
• Produce the bulk of the global food
• Are the largest number of stewards for the
– environment and its services including
biodiversity,
• Higher and sustainable productivity increase at
their level will have a major impact on poverty
reduction, economic growth and climate change
mitigation and adaptation

17. Intensification
without Simplification

18. Investing in All Assets of Rural Systems
(livelihoods, communities, economies)
Natural Capital:
nature’s goods and services
(waste assimilation, pollination, storm
protection, water supply, wildlife)
Social Capital:
cohesiveness of people
and societies trust, reciprocity,
rules and norms,
networks and institutions
Physical Capital:
Infrastructure, roads
markets
Human Capital:
the status of individuals health, skills, knowledge
Financial Capital:
money, savings

19. Linking Global …….. to local
and local …… to global

20. Conservation and
Adaptive
management of
GLOBALLY
IMPORTANT
AGRICULTURAL
HERITAGE
SYSTEMS

21. Was conceptualized and launched
in 2002 at the occasion of World
Summit on Sustainable
Development in Johannesburg
South Africa

22. GIAHS selection Criteria :
 Local food and livelihood security,
 biodiversity and genetic resources
 Local knowledge of individuals and
community
 Cultural Diversity of Agri ”Culture”
including products and services
diversity
 Landscape diversity and aesthetic
values

23. THEY ARE UNDER
THREAT BCAUSE OF:
• Inappropriate policy,
legal and incentive
frameworks,
• Industrialization of
agriculture and Neglect
of diversified systems
and local knowledge,
•Low community
involvement in decision
making,
• Population pressure
and cultural change

24. Centers of Origin of the agricultural
Civilizations
The eight Vavilovian Centers of Origin of Crops

25. China Rice Fish

26. GIAHS-Satoyama in Japan

27. Cultivation in waru-warus
2007

28. Maasai pastoral systems Kenya-Tanzania

29. Oases System in Atlas Mountains, Morocco

30. Lemon Garden, Italy

31. Japan
Madagascar
Saffron, Iran and Kashmir India

32. At Global level
by identification, selection and recognition of GIAHS
At National level
by capacity building in policy, regulatory and incentive
mechanisms to safeguard these outstanding systems
and use them as sustainability bench mark systems
At Local Level
by empowerment of local communities and technical
assistance for sustainable resource management,
promoting traditional knowledge and enhancing
viability of these systemsHOW ?
through economic incentives

33. Recognition of traditional knowledge in Science Congress,
Koraput Agriculture, Orissa India

34. Examples of Opportunities for Traditional Farmers through GIAHS
Native potatoes, Peru
Ecological Farming Chiloe
Rice-fish culture products , China
Natives Dates Oases, Tunisia

35. GIAHS is not about the past, it is about the future
California USA

36. For more information, visit www.giahs.org