Bioversity International-supported PhD candidate Alejandra Martinez-Salinas presents her research on how birds from nearby forests and trees can help reduce the incidence of coffee berry borer pests in Costa Rica. Presented at the 7th Annual Ecosystem Services Partnership Conference in Costa Rica, 2014. Find out more about our research on pests and diseases: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/agricultural-ecosystems/pests-and-diseases/

1. Coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei)
1
removal in coffee plantations:
a pest control service provided by birds
Alejandra Martínez-Salinas
Joint Doctoral Program
CATIE and University of Idaho

3. (Atlas de Costa Rica, 2005)
Map: Estrada-Carmona, N.
3
• Important crop in
tropical regions of
the world (FAO 2007)
• Overlap with hotspots
(Moguel and Toledo 1999, Myers et al. 2000)
• High value for BD conservation,
especially for bird species, depending
on management (Perfecto et al. 1996; Greenberg et
al. 1997a, b; Wunderle and Latta 1998; Cruz- Angón and
Greenberg 2005)
ESP Conference / Costa Rica / 2014
Why the coffee
berry borer?

4. ESP Conference / Costa Rica / 2014 4
Why the coffee
berry borer?
• CBB is one if not the most damaging pest
known to affect coffee crops (Damon 2000; Bustillo
2006; Vega et al. 2009)
• Native of central Africa. First record,
France in 1867 (Damon 2000; Jaramillo et al. 2011)
• First detected in CR in 2000 now
nationwide (ICAFE 2011, Staver et al. 2001)
• Controlled under prescription with
endosulfan. Highly toxic (Weber et al. 2010)
http://www.ars.usda.gov

5. 5
ESP Conference / Costa Rica / 2014

6. 6
How to measure pest control ?
• CATIE farm: 1036 ha, 85 ha coffee
• Pairwise experiment (Exclusions of bird
activity)
ESP Conference / Costa Rica / 2014
25 m
5m
50 m
Excluded
Not
excluded
20m
Coffee
plot
Canopy cover
10 m
Brocap® trap

7. 7
How to measure pest control ?
• Dynamic of coffee berry borer at the plot level (brocap traps)
(PROCAFE, Santa Tecla, El Salvador, and CIRAD, Montpellier, France)
• Bird community at the plot level through fixed radius point
counts
• Stomach content samples and faeces (mistnetting)
Mistnetting protocols
Emetics (Ipecac, Carapichea ipecacuanha) Diamond et al. (2007)
Faeces

8. 8
What have we learn so far?

9. Brocap® traps collection dates
Total number of coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) trapped in Brocap® traps

10. Brocap® traps collection dates
Total number of coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) trapped in Brocap® traps

11. Brocap® traps collection dates
Total number of coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) trapped in Brocap® traps

12. 12
What have we learn so far?
• 118 bird species detected
- 100 (85%) species include invertebrates
as part of their diet
- 29 (25%) species exclusively insectivores
- Only 18 (15%) do not include
invertebrates as part of their diet
• 25 (21%) species of Neotropical migrants
- 11 exclusively insectivore
- 23 include invertebrates as part of their
diet.
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Bird community

13. 13
What have we learn so far?
• Infestation rates significantly higher in coffee shrubs
excluded in comparison with coffee shrubs exposed to
bird foraging activity (F=23.40, p=0.0019)
• Positive cbb DNA identification in samples from faeces
and emesis
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Exclosures

14. 14
How to convert this output into an outcome?
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15. Acknowledgements
Fabrice DeClerck, PhD Bioversity International
Kerri Vierling, PhD University of Idaho
Jacques Avelino, PhD CIRAD
Lee Vierling, PhD University of Idaho
University of Idaho (Foster Fellowship)
IGERT Project (University of Idaho/CATIE/NSF)
Bird Monitoring Program Volunteers (PMA)
NMBCA – Borders and Barriers Project
Natalia Estrada, PhD (Bioversity International)
Sergio Vilchez (Departamento de Estadística CATIE)

16. 16
Thank you !

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