Omgewingsvriendelike, Ekonomiese, Effektiewe Water Skoon Tegnologie vir die Toekoms, wat van Toepassing is op Suid-Afrika is ook (Met opsomming in Afrikaans) / Eco friendly Low-cost effective water technologies

1. ! www.linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm BEN RUSUISIAK NEW NATURE PARADIGM TECH ANALYSIS VANCOUVER, BC, CANADA, UPDATED SEP15, 2016 Omgewingsvriendelike, Ekonomiese, Eﬀektiewe Water Skoon Tegnologie vir die Toekoms, wat van Toepassing is op Suid-Afrika is ook Four Levels Of Environmentally Friendly, Economical, Under-Utilized Eﬀective Water Cleantech for The Future Met opsomming in Afrikaans Part 1 of 2

2. • Opsomming: Dit aanbieding dek sommige van lae koste, waterverwante gekommersialiseer cleantech wat onderbenut of nie algemeen bekend om enigsins bestaan, in gebiede van: 1- Omgewing skoon te maak, 2- HVAC verbetering, 3- Energie onttrekking, 4- Industriële prosesse, 5- Drinkwater geslag, 6- Geo Enginnering, 7- Selektiewe-bio verbetering, antioxidizing, en roes voorkoming ens. Sommige van hulle is omskepbaar vir 'n gebruik in die veld van energie, mediese, biologie, weermodifikasie, materiaal wetenskap met soortgelyke voordele. Een van sulke effekte nie ten volle verklaarbaar deur chemie, nog amptelik gebruik deur sommige nie-Westerse bondgenoot nasies, verleng "water struktuur", of aktiewe elektriese lading hou kapasiteit van water. Daar is verskeie behandelingsmetodes wat kan lei tot volgehoue unieke vermoë in 'n plat water vir ten minste 4-5 dae en gebruik sonder bygevoeg chemiese of opgeloste stowwe. bv: A- As skoonmaakmiddel vir kommersiële kombuis, slagter of swaar olie verwydering, B- Industriële sny of wasgoed vloeistof, C- Hospitaal werking kamer, of bedryf toerusting kos ontsmettingsmiddel, D- Mediese: velsiekte, infeksie, interne organe, suurstof en hidrofobiese geneesmiddelaflewering agent, E- Plant / dier groei toeneem, aanstuur brakwater voeding, die verwydering van diere woning reuk, F- Verhoog sterkte van beton, ys, papier, G- Geur van pasta, koffie, bakkery te verbeter, H lae-emissie hoë graad brandstof maak van subgrade onbrandbare koolwaterstof, I- vertoon chemiese of minerale effek sonder chemie teenwoordig is in water. Sommige buitengewoon elektriese-aktiewe water lyk selfs funksie as "fase katalisator" en as "gewone water konsentreer" vir soortgelyke of meer robuuste effekte deur verdunning. • Sulke Wetenskaplike Posisionering gaping tussen Wes-nywerheidslande en ander is ook waargeneem in verskillende programme. Dit lyk vir navorsing en kommersialisering befondsing, & werklike ontplooiing vlak van nuwe doeltreffende prosesse beïnvloed. bv: waterbehandeling deur Time variant magneetveld & Rotating Elektrode, ver infrarooi golwe, Sommige van sub / superkritiese water, Water emulsie brandstof, hidrodinamiese Kavitasie, Cold Fusion, Resonansie water ontbinding as HHO gas, akoestiese Polsende Vuur Ontwatering, Electro-aas effek vir reën generasie & kosmiese strale gebaseer klimaatsverandering idee. Een definitiewe rede vir debunking is omdat effekte wetenskaplik & ekonomies hoogs ontwrigtende termodinamiese wet skend oor- eenheid en nie-plaaslike verskynsel kan vertoon. Maar 'n lae koste-effektiewe Techs nadelig vir chemiese- gebaseerde stelsel het ook deur Westerse bondgenoot nasies: Elektriese koagulasie water skoonmaak was gerugsteun deur Europese groepe & tans hulle ondersteun: Plasma Geaktiveerde Water, Termiese Hidrolise, Membraan Distillasie, en Verskeie nanofiltrasie ens Algehele, Lae koste "wetenskap omstrede" skoon water tegnologie in die verlede word toenemend gebruik word deur marginale besigheid groepe of selfs deur multinasionale veral op plaaslike fabriek vlak. En tensy verspreiding van hierdie nuwe paradigma stalletjies by lae aanpassing plafon, "geslote sisteem" geloof van die hoofstroom samelewing sal fundamenteel verskuif na gebaseer "oop sisteem" unlimitedness voor 2030

3. ABSTRACT: This presentation covers some of low cost, water related commercialized cleantech that is underutilized or not commonly known to exist at all, in areas of 1-Environmental cleaning, 2-HVAC improvement, 3- Energy extraction, 4-Industrial processes, 5-Drinking water generation, 6-Geoengineering, 7-Desalination & wastewater treating, 8-Selective bio-enhancing, rust prevention etc. Some of them are convertible for a use in field of energy, medical, biology, weather modification, material science with similar advantages. 、 One of such effects not fully explainable by chemistry, yet officially utilized by some non-Western ally nations, is prolonged "water structure", or/& active electrical charge holding capacity of ions in water. There are multiple treatment methods that can cause sustained unique capability in plain water for at least 4-5 days and used without added chemical or solutes. e.g. a-As detergent for commercial kitchen, butcher or heavy oil removal, b-Non fouling industrial cutting or washing fluid, c-Hospital operation room, or food industry equipment disinfectant, d-Medical: oxygen/hydrophobic drug delivery, skin disease/infection/organ, & upto conventionally incurable chronic disease. e-Plant/animal growth increase, Enable brackish water feeding, Removing animal residence odor, f-Increase strength of concrete, ice, paper, g-Enhance flavor of pasta, coffee, bakery, h-Low emission fuel making from subgrade incombustible hydrocarbon, i-Display chemical or mineral effect without chemistry present in water. Some exceptionally electrical-active water seems to even function as "phase catalyst" and used as "plain water concentrate" for similar or more robust effects by dilution.、 Such Scientific Status gap in water tech by nations is fairly common and it affects research funding & market share of effective processes. e.g: water treatment by Time variant magnetic field & Rotating/Concentric Electrode, Far InfraRed waves, Hydrodynamic Cavitation, Sub/SuperCritical water, Non Anthraquinone H2O2, Emulsion fuel, Cold fusion, Resonance H2O decomposing, Acoustic Pulsed Fire Dewatering, Electro-Scavenging effect for rain generation & Cosmic Ray based climate change idea. One reason for discrediting is they might co-display scientifically & economically disruptive seeming thermodynamic over-unity & non- local phenomena. But low cost effective way to displace chemical based system also have been supported in West: Electrooxidation/coagulation or multiple ways of AOP including Ozone was backed by European groups & they are now supporting Plasma Activated Water, Thermal Hydrolysis, Membrane Distillation, & various Nano Filtration etc. Others are accepted but only for certain use: ElectroOsmosis/Poration, Metal ion, 3chamber electrolysis, Vacuum superheated steam, Steam eductor etc. Overall, previously science contested low cost clean water tech is increasingly & rapidly adopted even by multinationals, often accompanied by firm back up of mainstream media, science, & tech awards. And unless spread of this new paradigm stalls soon, limitation based "closed system" belief of society will fundamentally shift to no-limit "open system" before 2030.

4. 4 PART 1: SELECTED CONTENTS • p10 Crystallization: Template sssddAssisted, Fluidized Bed etc p21 Ozone & UV etc p41 SuperCritical Water etc • p45 Ultrasonic, Cavitation effect, . . . Pulsed Combustion Drying p61 Nano/UltraFine Bubble etc p67 PhotoCatalytic water etc • p91 Electrolyzed acid water etc p118 Plasma Activated Water p126 Electrolytic + Venturi etc p141 .Magnetic Water treatment • p157 “Phase Catalyst” Water p181 Torsion field/Scalar Wave p190 Far InfraRed, Bioceramic, …….. Minerals treated etc • p221 Pumpable Ice Slurry.... ........................ PART 2: separate file click [here] p228 ElectroSpray etc p235 ElectroHydraulic effect p245 Solar Desalination etc p268 SuperHeated Steam etc p288 Magnetic Resonance . Freezing & Thawing • p291 Ion projection p298 Ferrous/Ferrate Ion water p310 Vacuum Saturation/DDW, . Steam Jet Ejector/eductor • p338 Plant Polymer & Micelle p343 Rain Related Weather …….. Modification p358 Water Technology List

5. 5 • QUALIFICATION OF INFORMATION、 This presentation might not always reflect the views of mainstream group, particularly of western media, large NGOs, & wikipedia; hence attendants/readers are recommended to re- assess the data from independent perspective: Listed commercialized claims include that are contradicting mainstream science law or effectiveness acceptance level, while empirically deemed to produce effects repeatedly. "Cleantech" here includes "clean chemicals" that are non residual: Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide, Peracetic Acid, ElectroChemical reaction etc • Compared to other industries, water technology tends to have wider & varied mechanics to achieve intended physical effects: Labs, schools, even conservative mainstream, or mundane looking companies often use their own effective unique processes not widely known. Many of what is covered here are selected technologies known as effective in some sectors or by small # of consumers but not by other sectors.Currently more detailed reference list is being produced & will be published separately: The research is updated based on reviewing academic papers & journals, books, speeches, presentations, patents, lab/commercialized product testimonies/complaints, publications & public records of NGOs/media/research institutes/think tanks/military/space & gov't agencies/industry associations. 、 • Due to space constraints, referenced individual names are given with max 3 letters of first name with entire last name(except some non-Western names), & company names are listed in a way that is findable by internet search. 12 page Water Tech Effect Comparison List is at the end of this file. • THIS FILE IS PART 1 of 2 SERIES: BOTH 2 FILES CAN BE VIEWED IN ONE FILE AT: Scribd [click here], Issuu [here], or Yumpu [here]

6. • ■ 11’Hydrodynamic cavitation: WM Accepted effect: J(BOD reduction, Advanced Oxidizing Process, toxin/oil ﬁeld waste water/sludge decomposing) (WhirlWind.nl+), For ballast water(Globallast ua+), Enhanced oil recovery- additional hydrocarbon quality improvement(Arisdyne+), • Sometimes WM Disputed effect, A(Descaling), HVAC application(HyCator, VRTX Technologies+), Pipe cleaning(Group Konstanta «МАНГУСТ»+), Dairy product ﬂow pipe descaling is WM rejected(TEKMASH+): B(anticorrosion of water pipes), C(Algae removal)(CT Systems ua+), D4*(New…. • ■ Tech effects Code used in tech lists(located at end of this presentation) are headed by Boldface purple letters as on the right. Code might refer to either or both of a-effect of static water product, b-process effect itself on water rather than water's effect on matter. • ■ Commercialized tech claims are listed in(Blue Letter +), and “+” within bracket means other unnamed companies also claim same effect. ■ “*” at example D4* indicates particularly effective application. 6 • How to Read Tech Detail Explanation Texts . • Technology claims are explained in details in each of 66 dedicated section in coming pages. Example of “Hydrodynamic cavitation” below

7. • 66 Technology names: Well established mainstream application might be omitted from effect explanations. Same techs are listed twice. • 1-Crystallization: TAC(Template Assisted), FBC(Fluidized Bed) 2-Pulsed Power, 3-KDF, 4-Metal Ion, 5-Natural Acid, 6-Ozone, 7-UV, 8-Aeration/Anaerobic, 9-Sub &SuperCritical Water/Thermal Liquefaction 10-Ultrasonic, Sonic Cavitation water, Acoustic Pulse Fire Drying 11-HydroDynamic Cavitation, 12-Spiral Vortex flow, Rankine Vortex 13-Nanobubble-UltraFineBubble, 14-PhotoCatalytic Water treatment • 15-Electro Deionization(EDI) & Capacitive De-Ionization(CDI) 16-Electrolysis Alkaline water, 17-Electrolysis Acid water 18-Electrolysis Acid-Alkaline mixed, 19-Boron Diamond Electrolysis 20-Electro Phoresis/migration/reclamation, 21-Fulvic Acid water 22-Nano Material Used Filter, 23-Plasma Activated Water(PAW) 24-Electrolytic Metal Alloy & Venturi, 25-ElectroStatic treated water 26-Electric field pulse 7 • 66 Water Technologies PART 1: #1-26 Part 2 is available on separate file [here], Part 1&2 in one file [here]

8. • 27-Time Variant Magnetic Field treatment & Rotating Magnetic Field 28-“Phase Catalyst water” or “Catalytic Water” 29-HHO & Hydrogen dissolved water • 30-EM & Other Antioxidant type Micro-organism activated water 31-Torsion field & Subtle field treated water • 32-Scalar wave & phase conjugated paired wave treated water 33-Mineral, Bioceramic, FIR/Thz wave treated water 34-Vacuum Freezing, 35-Vacuum Flash Vaporization/Vacuum Distillation 36-Water jet, 37-Water Emulsion, 38-Pumpable Ice Slurry 39-Sabatier Reaction & Hydrocarbon production by CO2 + H2O • 40-Electro Deposition/ElectroWinning, Plasma Electrolyte Polishing 41-ElectroSpray, 42-ElectroPoration, 43-Electro SonoPhoresis 44-Electro Hydraulic effect, 45-ElectroDialysis/Bipolar Membrane 46-ElectroFloatation, 47-ElectroHeating 8 • 66 Water Technologies PART 1: #27-47 Part 2 is available on separate file [here], Part 1&2 in one file [here]

9. • 48-Nitrogen & Carbon Dioxide infused water 49-Solar Distillation, Solar Water treatment, Atmospheric Water Collector 50-SuperCritical Water(also SubCritical, Low Temp Hydrolysis, Steam Plasma) • 51-SuperHeated Steam, 52-Degassing/Degassed pure water 53-Biochar/Classic Carbon + UV treated water 54-Slow Acoustic Pulse wave, 55-Nano Material Treated water 56-NanoFiltration water • 57-Electric & Magnetic Resonance Freezing-Thawing 58-Ionizing Projection in air-mist 59-Ferrous Ferric/Ferrate Ion, Its oscillation treated water, Iron Sulphate water 60-Vacuum Saturation heating or cooling & Deuterium Depleted Water 61-Membrane Distillation/Pervaporation 62-Mineral, FarInfraRed, High Pressure treated water, Deep Sea Water 63-Other “Anomalous Processes”: from overunity energy to "ORMUS" making 64-Plant NanoPolymer applied water, 65-Rain Related Weather Modification 66-Atmospheric Water Generator 9 • 66 Water Technologies PART 2: #48-66 Part 2 is available on separate file [here], Part 1&2 in one file [here]

10. • ■ 1‘Crystallization: Crystallizing water dissolved matter to recover certain material as solids, in this section a-Template Assisted Crystallization, b-Fluidized Bed Crystallization are covered(For Freeze Crystallization see section 34'). • a-Template Assisted Crystallization: TAC; This particular naming is branded & used in English speaking nations but other names/no particular names used in other nations. Water treating resin bead media with special surface triggers nucleation pattern of dissolved elements • WM Accepted effect: A(Scale prevention in water pipe) Calcium Carbonate: CaCO3 etc crystallizes in microscopic scale when it passes TAC media so that it remains in water instead of depositing onto the water pipe wall as hard scale formulation. • B(anti-corrosion in water pipe): rarely this claim is made as most companies in this category are focused in core Western Mainstream(WM) market, but it is possible some of TAC media might be triggering additional effects by WM unapproved mechanics such as i-charge creation by ceramic beads hitting each other, or ii-some kind of non-light- photolytic process or metal ion, iii-some media contains metal, magnet particles, or FarInraRed emitting bioceramic which has same effect etc. Pipe descaling effect seems to be much faster than magnetic or electric ﬁeld types Might be less effective at heavy solutes contained. Commercialized examples: Watercryst, Nextﬁltration, OneFlow + 10 • 1‘Crystallization: Effect Accepted by Western Mainstream(WM) as valid

11. • b-Fluidized Bed Crystallization(FBC)/Pellet Reactor: Crystallized pellets of various minerals/heavy metal etc are recovered or reused(eg Calcium Carbonate: CaCO3[Calcite] etc) at drinking water or wastewater processing. This method often involves chemical dosage but non-chemical cleantech option exists. • WM Accepted effect: A(Scale prevention in water pipe), By water softening effect combined with resource recovery: ﬁne sand/silica/calcium on a ﬂuidized bed become nucleus for inorganic material to continue crystallizing to pellet size for recovery & utilization, Substantial installation in Netherlands but in most other hardwater countries especially Americas it remains underused or not used at all. Deployed at small to large drinking water treatment facilities(Hydro-Elektrik GmbH, Veolia Actina, Reststoffenunie Waterleidingbedrijven BV, Symphonic water solutions+): cleantech option is non injection of low impact chemical(Caustic soda NaOH, Lime CaOH2) to raise pH for enhanced crystallization. Lime pellets recovered are used for fertilizer/steel/cement/construction industry application. • New calcite nucleus(not sand) pellet growth for higher quality lime for increased return(Waternet nl+), 11 • 1‘Crystallization: continued 2 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

12. 12 • 1‘Crystallization: continued 3 • -->>cont: b-Fluidized Bed Crystallization(FBC)/Pellet Reactor: • ■Unlisted effect(Resource or toxin, heavy metal recovery): in addition to water softening purpose, FBC's ability to crystallize solutes in water is used for wastewater cleaning combined with resource recovery. This method often deploys chemical dosage, but some companies can use cleantech method of non chemical dose or it is all recovered for reuse hence no efﬂuent is produced(Century Water Systems, Ever- clear 萬年清環境工程股份有限公司 +). Phosphorus Recovery: (Royal HaskoningDHV - Crystalactor+), add magnesium dosed for crystallization of phosphorus but all recovered for fertilizer use (Mitsubishi Kakoki, PHOSNIX - Hitachi Zosen+), But unlike other processes, for this purpose, there are many innovative method that must always use low dose chemical/polymer for ﬂocculation(hence not covered in this research) that are as or in some cases more effective/lower cost. • P(Sludge reduction), S(separation of waste & toxin): as a result this enables separation of unprocess-able elements, & reduces sludge to be handled at rest of wastewater process & make more entire system to function more effectively (particularly Anaerobic Digestion) by providing concentrated sludge feedstock. linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

13. • ■ 2’Pulsed Power: Strong Electromagnetic field pulsation causes water and dissolved ion molecule behavior to be affected: • For some effects like pipe scale prevention, official WM acceptance occurs only in Pulsed Power categorization while other much lower cost system with essentially the same mechanics tech are pseudoscience treatment:(actually the portion of higher H2O2 type Reactive Species are generated with Pulsed Power via plasma generation in water but this is often not mentioned as difference by WM). Such as 25’Electrostatic 26’Alternating Electric field, 27’Alternating Magnetic field, and to some extent 24’Electrolytic metal ion and venturi do generate some micro plasma by some of effective models. High powered pulse is easier to make microplasma or even larger plasma in water(for some unclear reason certain weaker power systems seem to be able to make one also: frequency? waveform?) • Only difference is high cost of device, frequency(in some cases) & how much high power is used to generate the effect. It might be beneficial for seller of similar tech products to use Pulsed Power as branding name for WM acceptance, which might seem to happen with some weaker power using devices. 13 • 2’Pulsed Power : Effect Accepted by Western Mainstream(WM) as valid:

14. • WM Accepted effect: A(Descaling), B(unti-corrosion), C(algae stiﬂing) by altering electric charge of CaCO3 type elements so that it would continue to be suspended in water instead of attaching to pipe walls, or stiﬂe germs activity, High power devices also caused by shockwaves to rupture cell walls, Also effective in fouling control by different mechanics but same microplasma type generating Microwave induction(Onvector+), also widely known to increase microwave plasma induction by ultrasonic wave, H(oil water separation, demulsion), J(Waste water cleaning), P(Sludge reduction or odor remove), H2(Dewatering), See section 42’Electroporation for more of above “J”,”P”, “H2”effects, • Commercialized eg: (Dolphin WaterCare, Griswold Water System, Genesis Environmental Service co+) • As generally in West, this type of contrast often happens to coincide when existing tech lobbying is strong enough to deny tech validity of lower cost same effect technology across different industry sectors(eg: energy industry; Water emulsion of unburnable oil into low emission fuel, medical industry: Vaccine, Cancer treatment exclusive only valid treatment while clearly documented more effective much lower cost techs are legally banned from quoting evidence and witness). 14 • 2’Pulsed Power : continued 2 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

15. • ■ 3’KDF(Kinetic Degradation Fluxion): Media with copper-zinc formulation, some relation to 24’Electrolytic metal water treatment, Works by triggering electrochemical oxidation reduction(by copper and zinc in the media) to water for CaCO3 etc to remain in solution. Also ion reaction for bacteria stifling effect. Often used with Activated Carbon or a part of many filtering in a drinking water system. Stand along system usually need backwash every month or more, Usually piggy backing other media or filters combined in treatment system: WM Accepted effect: C(Algae germ stifling) • Sometimes media Disputed effects, but WM science accepted: A(antiscale of pipes), B(anti corrosion), Commercialized eg: (CuZn Water, TowerClean, H2O Concepts +) 15 • 3’KDF: Effect mix of Accepted & Disputed by Western Mainstream(WM): linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

16. 16 • 4’Metal Ion: Effect mix of Accepted & Disputed by Western Mainstream(WM): linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada • ■ 4’Metal Ion: Metal ions of Silver/Copper/Zinc to dissolve into water, WM Accepted effects: C&D(Algae germ stifling as process or as water), N(Food detergent), • Sometimes WM media level Disputed: A(Descaling water pipes):(BrightWater Environmental +) • ■Weaker effects: Result is stronger in as "full effect" when offered by certain specific mix of metal ions(often to do with silver: see "colloidal or ionic solution" at section 63') or some kind of "EM wave amplification" types offered by some companies. Effect gap in this area depended on technology might be significant. This seem to include metal ion itself becomes or/and surrounding water into biologically active resonance state with selective bioenhancing controlling ability: H(oil water separation), K(Dirty lake, river, ocean water cleaning, fish enhancement): significant result in smaller sized pond, but effect is weak in ocean or flowing river: • Commercialized eg:(Cromwell Environment Technologies, Nevoton, Ocion, Procare Water Treatment, AquaSmarter VALTECH, Exterminator Pond+), Unique Silver ion + H2O2 mix for augmented effect of "stabilized" hydrogen peroxide(Roam Technology Huwa San - BioXeco, Sanosil AG, +) or catalyzed?(Hei Hungerbach): WM sometimes insist Ag should decompose H2O2. • ■Unclear but seemingly similar mechanics: Specialty electroplating process of nickel which reacts to water, for significantly increased germ killing even over silver(Kobelco KENIFINE): can be applied to paint as powder, surface is too hard to scratch away.

17. • ■ 5’Natural Acids: Here only a few of them are highlighted from large # of acids that can be referred to as naturally fast degradable(hence no toxin): acids synthesizable from natural ingredients(but usually chemically produced for commercial purpose including ingredients). • Some are fully generated by natural environment or bio organism. Due to no residual this qualiﬁes as water cleantech. Also see Hypochlorous acid(HOCl) at section 17' & 18'Electrolysis, 19'Fulvic acid(C14H12O8). Very widely used H2O2 is not covered in this presentation.、 i- Citric Acid(C6H8O7): Commercialized eg (NuvoH2O, eH2O, Precision Dynamics+). Standard process in oil reﬁning/degumming, but underutilized usage as follows: • WM Accepted effect: D(general cleaning), in rare cases product is used without chemical mix on commercial scale. -->>cont: 17 • 5’Natural Acid: Effect mix of Accepted & Disputed by Western Mainstream(WM) linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

18. 18 • 5’Natural Acid: continued 2 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada • -->>cont: i-Citric Acid: • Disputed for commercialized benefit by some media or conventional water treatment company linked articles, Effects are widely accepted as valid for historical traditional manual home type applications but far less # of academic documents to officially approve practicality for commercial use, while some industry linked “credible” groups deny it’s effectiveness. Many chemical scale or other water related treatment methods combine citric acid with other chemical/mechanics. • A(Descaling), as chelating agent to soften water by reacting with CaCO3 type scale elements, H(oil-water separation), M(Spray, soak water to last food, less mold), N(Food detergent), Y(Insectcide, herb stifler), • Weaker effect: B(Decorrosion or rust prevention), F(Laundry detergent as water), i.e.: effective only in narrower range of situation.

19. • ii--Peracetic Acid(C2H4O3)(PAA, Peroxyacetic acid): Full std process in many industrial applications with very large volume used, but significant regional/industrial segment acceptance gap with particularly low level in consumer use or water treatment related application. Might require modification in flow system installation due to high metal corrosivity. Basically a mix of vinegar and hydrogen peroxide. More maintained oxidation ability with organic matter mix, also effective at lower temperature operation. Even now occasional cleantech debunking occurs & described as "harmful residual chemical" by a small part of mainstream or cleantech promotor by lumping together with other chemicals that are toxic. Some large commodity Hydrogen Peroxide(H2O2) producers actively participate for specific end use. • WM Accepted effect: Many offer cross-over effects: A(Descaling), useable for heavy scale depositing situation(Evonik DEGACLEAN+), C*(algae-germ killing),(Vetoquinol HYPEROX+), D(general cleaning, disinfectant)(Химитек +), F(Laundry detergent as water)(Belinka Perkemija PERSAN+) • J(cleaning wastewater)(USP Technologies, Solvay Chemicals+): low initial infra cost and simple operation advantage, Strong enough to have effective results on oil field fracking water (PeroxyChem VigorOx, Ecolab NALCO Champion+), 85-100% water recycling as a module system(Organo jp, +..................................................................... additionally even hot water heat is recovered for use(Kurita), L(drinking water generation), usually for domestic stock/animal(Agraplan Peraclean, Tevan Panox+), -->>cont: 19 • 5’Natural Acid: continued 3 • 水ing リンサー排水回収システム ARRoWS® +), linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

20. 20 • 5’Natural Acid: continued 4 • -->>cont: ii--Peracetic Acid:、 M*(Spray on seed/crops to disinfect)(Jet Harvest, PERAgreen Solutions+), N(Food detergent)(Enviro Tech Chemical Services, Миссия "Лега"+): • Strong oxidizer, Fast complete degradation, freezing point -40C. Many effects are quite potent after high dilution & used in some industrial disinfection over toxic chemicals even when it is not issue, while underused in other sectors. There is added synergy by pretreatment effect for UV. Many also offer in powder form to be diluted by water for use(Atomesbio BIOXY+), • ■ Other H2O2 based Peracetic acid variation(Freebac+), H2O2 + Formic acid => Performic acid(CH2O3: freezing point -18C)(Kemira DesinFix+), Other acid mix:(Novus ACTIVATE wd +): there are many other variations that are biodegradable and low cost. Also Most products are transported & stored before application, but there are 25-40% less cost Peracetic Acid onsite production upto 30% range concentration type grades from various chemicals(Peracetic Acid Systems+), while Water & Air based onsite production is much lower cost(Eltron Water IMPAACT+)(max 3%[30,000ppm]) with negligible vol catalyst • ■ Other Natural Acids that are mainly limited to DIY type use: small scale utilization with some of prementioned situations, and it is possible to use cost effectively in many situations as is or by blending with other natural acids, but in most industrial situations mixed with chemicals: eg Ascorbic Acid(C6H8O6: Vitamin C), Acetic Acid(CH3COOH: Vinegar) etc.

21. 21 • 6‘Ozone: Effect mix of Accepted, Disputed, Rejected by Western Mainstream(WM) • ■ 6‘Ozone: Part of std process in early stage water disinfection, but rare to replace chlorine as ﬁnal stage drinking water treatment before circulation mainly due to regulations(Xylem Wedeco+). Despite some WM claims of opposite, cost can be already lower than chemical tech in majority of cases. • Also when not isolate Ozone only effect, other byproduct radicals co- produced & its synergy seem to magnify effect(can be 2-20 fold more effective with likely by Hydroxyl generation[OH•]): there are many other ways than UV to produce: ■ Electrolytic Ozone Generation(Biotek-Ozone), ■ Spiral vortex water ozone generator (Ailove.co.jp+), ■ Platinum based coating(with Ir, Ru or Rh) of Titanium electrode (Tanaka Kikinzoku+) etc, ■ Concentrated - supersaturated ozone dissolved in water by bubble size & pressure control etc (BlueInGreen, AirTree Ozone+). ■ Plasma/Corona discharge in water(Ebara EJK jp, Ozomax inc+): often in pulse mode, ■ Emphasis on duel insitu sterilization by two choices with H2O2(Teknomar+), also see 19’Diamond Electrolysis, ■ Catalyst based Ozone(Ozontech Systems AB+): some effective ones seem to be ozone water exposed to corona/plasma discharge, ■ Ceramic based Ozone & likely other reactants co-producing(Medklinn+) 、 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

22. 22 • WM Accepted effects: In some nations not widely deployed: • C&D(Algae-germ stifling process, or as water short term): Ozonated ice/Ozone ice is rarely used application outside of prolonged fish preservation(O3-Matic, KoronaOzon+), Claims WM unapproved max 20ppm ozone dissolved (ワイズカンパニーオゾン水) I(grease trap cleaning, kitchen odor removal):(Kanplakun, Oxytech GmbH+), Long lasting Stabilized Aqueous Ozone(Tersano), Low temp Medical Sterilization(TSO3+), Partial agriculture pesticide replacement while crop growth is enhanced by increased oxygen supply(AgOzein, AgO3 nz+), Wine industry(Pacific Ozone+), Semi pseudoscientized effective dental treatment(healOzone+), 、 • 6‘Ozone: continued 2 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

23. 23 • 6‘Ozone: continued 3 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada • -->cont: WM Accepted effects: • J(AOP:Advanced Oxidation Process waste water treatment etc): organic mater is decomposed instead of absorbtion type process like filtering which requires another process (also see 7'UV), Ozone type AOP often involves H2O2, OH-(Hydroxide ion), Singlet Oxygen([ 1 O2]: excited state, regular ground state is triplet[ 3 O2]) etc co- production of Electrolytic related activity which generates OH•(hydroxyl radical), but there seems to be other multiple ways of OH• production that is not understood/agreed upon(Silver Bullet Corp+).、 AOP is offered by so many ozone providers & electrolyzer set ups but still underutilized in many sectors/nations: i-Some combine cavitation from Ultrasonic & Hydrodynamic to significantly further augment effect for high flow AOP(OZONIX Ecosphere Tech+), ii-Multiple reactive specie production effects for mega size/strong wastewater oxidation(Ozonia - Degrémont - SUEZ, TrojanUV+), iii-Competitive in pulp & paper bleaching(ZeTrac Valmet - Metso+), iv-Ground remediation by all insitu generation electrochemical process(Kerfoot Technologies+), or by pulse mode injection of Ozone & premade H2O2(Applied Process Technologies APTwater+), v-For Produced & Flowback water at Oil industry(atg UV+), vi-Nanobubble Ozone increases effect when organic material attaches to negative electron of finebubble surface(Sumitomo Seimitsu Kogyo +), vii-Mini AOP portable device(Ozo-Pen+), vii-For ocean water fishpond, or large hot spring baths(Toyo Valve ピュアキレイザー+),

24. 24 • 6‘Ozone: continued 4 • -->>cont: WM Accepted effects: Occasionally claimed effects: Under-explored regularly claimed effects, H(effective in water oil separation), M(spray on food to make last longer), N(food detergent, Ozone/Ultrasonic can combine to increase effectiveness), R(metal precision, high tech parts washing): Wafer, semiconductor, LCD(liquid crystal display), photomask parts, ozone nanobubble infused water is most effective washing ﬂuid in some parts(MKS Instruments, Nomura nms, Ovivowater +), W(degassing) E(Industrial type cleaner), S(coagulation, toxin separation) • Sometimes Disputed effects, A(pipe scale prevention by stiﬂing biological element), Strong AOP insitu reactive specie mix for drastically reduce or eliminate chemical blowdown (Ozomax inc, BWT Coolzon, OzoCan+),+), B(corrosion prevention)(Ozone Elettronica - De Nora+). linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

25. 25 • 6‘Ozone: continued 5 • Generally WM media Rejected effects, significantly lower cost version by Ozone use and already major commercial use in some regions: • F(laundry, detergent as water or process, effective in cold water use(unless washing load is very dirty[then use lukewarm], Ozone dissolved type is more effective than direct air ozone injection, Some still uses reduced small amount of detergent to activate its effect): eg PureWash, Guardian Manufacturing, Air Trona +): Often plasma type method is used(can involve UV pulse), co-producing H2O2, Hydroxyl Radical etc, some combine other pseudoscientific methods to increase effectiveness(eg Magnetic water: EcoWasher+), Nanobubble use(Cwtozone+), Validity confirmation of low cost and effectiveness is sometimes avoided by WM academic while still appealed as complete pseudoscience at main media(targeting consumer market), but amongst scientists and industrial sector this tech is a common sense and regularly used, linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

26. 26 • 6‘Ozone: continued 6 • -->>cont: Generally WM media Rejected effects, signiﬁcantly lower cost version by Ozone use and already major commercial use in some regions: • Z(Plant growth enhancement[aside from disinfection] by irrigation): Mainly Plasma Activated water/Electrosprayed water containing Ozone or separately ozone water makes plant robust while reducing needs for pesticide(develop resistance), Some insist effect is only due to extra oxygen(Oxion Inc+), Enhancing roots(Novozone ltd+), Something more than just delivering extra oxygen & its effects(Mountain High Water, Ozonetrust.ir+). Academical interpretation is soil quality enhanced with electrolyte concentration and more absorbing softer soil even clays, UV irradiation might be additionally required(Han Steffen+). Additionally saves water also(Climate Control Systems Inc, Creative OZ-Air pvt+), This effect resembles Phase Catalyst Water production methods(see section 28', also 23'Plasma Activated Water, 41'Electrospray ) • Unlisted effects: ■ Water oil emulsion fuel etc production: Rotating Electrode(also Concentric Cylinder Electrode or vortex swirling type electrode)use 25% more efﬁcient ozone generator use(Inpal net+) linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

27. 27 • 7‘UV UltraViolet ray: Effect mix of Accepted, Disputed, Fully rejected by Western Mainstream(WM) • ■ 7‘UV, widely deployed effect, Not always same effect as 6‘Ozone tech due to some UV types incorporate various reactive species generation(H2O2 etc leading to Hydroxyl Radical production: strongest "nonchemical" type oxidizer) for disruptive level effect(WM media sometimes unapproved). • Also as effect itself one fundamental difference is UV simply disinfects, but Ozone has oxidation capability, while UV exposure of Ozone generates ampliﬁed disinfection ability with Hydroxyl generation. But especially on effective versions, exact detail on i-catalyst/electro chemical process, ii-what reactants are co-produced, or iii-what chemical interaction & types of oxidizing takes place in their reactions seem to be both secret & unclearly identiﬁed at the same time. Even cost for non- AOP/regular type UV is increasingly becoming lower cost than chemical system overall by various tech advancement & environmental regulation:

28. 28 • 7‘UV: continued2 • -->>:Lowering cost of various UV techs: • ■i Electrodeless UV lamp by microwave/plasma use for instant turn on & off, light direction flexibility, adjust light, low heat etc: (Severn Trend Denora, MEC co Ltd +), ■ii similar benefits in LED UV/UV-C LED/Excimer UV(laser like concentration to focus on selectivity): (Aquisense, Aquionics, Acuva Technologies, RayVio+), often significant effectiveness dependence on UV equipment makers, and sometimes owned by them, Original UV inventor offering water treatment is rare(U-VIX+), ■iii Unique quartz inlined water pipe to continuously reflect UV light in very effective way combined with ultrasonic transducer to prevent scaling(Atlantium+), • ■iv Non water contact easy maintenance UV lights surround transparent wastewater pipe with self cleaning turbulent flow(Enaqua Grundfos+), ■v Vertical reactor & flow control(Ozonia aquaray SUEZ+), ■vi Further stronger high powered UV pulse(in some cases takes 1/30-40 time of continuous UV)(Xenex, Excelitas, econos 環境対策+): AOP type effect.

29. 29 • 7‘UV: continued3 • -->>:various UV techs: • For AOP Level strength: ■i Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2 co- production and eventual Hydroxyl radical generation seems to be one of key factors for high effectiveness(compared to Ozone only, far stronger effects produced by synergy with other insitu produced reactants) as repeated often in 7'UV & 6'ozone section, including Photo Fenton Reaction(Enviolet+), but also ■ii some irradiate Ozone water with UV for significantly amplified effect(Sen Lights UZON+), ■iii TiO2+UV - Photocatalytic combo, • WM Accepted effect: C(bacteria stifling at pool etc), J(AOP process or/and disinfection): Commercial pool doable with on par or superior effects(DEL Ozone+), Ballast water(Alfa Laval, Hyde Marine, BIO-SEA/BIO-UV+),

30. 30 • 7‘UV: continued4 • -->>cont: WM Accepted effect: • Super high performance ofﬁcially pre-made enough vol of Hydrogen Peroxide(H2O2) feeding for waste water treatment combo with UV system exists since 1990s(ULTROX, Vulcan - Calgon Carbon Perox-Pure+) which was often shelved by buyouts & other methods etc, but actually many seem to be capable of further disruptive water+air based insitu production of low concentration H2O2 with UV combo(Eltron Water PeroxEgen+): this tech's effectiveness is sometimes WM debunked as "UV cannot penetrate well even slight turbid water". Shirt pocket carried mini device(SteriPen), While Sometimes WM Disputed effects are: A(pipe descaling) by production of H2O2, Ozone, Hydroxyl(Silver Bullet Water+): this company also claims Singlet Oxygen production as a cause. Occasionally claimed effect of above temporarily decomposed water functions as E(Industrial cleaner), ■ Weaker occasionally claimed effects S(Coagulation, toxin separation). ■ Other commercialized eg: (UV Pure, Phonix Science and Technology, LG Innotek +) 、 WM Fully rejected: Prolonged UV treatment combined with other processes(pressure, distillation-condensation repetition, temperature, cavitation, electrolysis) produces electrically active capacity holding or bioenhancing effect water(Penta AquaRX+):

31. • ■ 8‘ Aeration & Aerobic Bacteria Activation(See ♛Anaerobic Digestion 6 pages later): Also see 30'EM, 13'Nanobubble/Finebubble/Microbubble • Air or oxygen as dissolved in water is circulated so that aerobic bacteria is activated to consume organic waste faster. Most std process in many parts of drinking water & waste water treatments, but not in other processes. There are less deployed but notable combined stronger claims with Ultrasonic, Microbubble(down to more effective Nanobubble/Ultraﬁne Bubble) for enhanced effects. • WM Accepted widely used effects: C(Algae stiﬂing) different elements can make the process ineffective, S(Coagulation), H(oil-water separation): std process, J(waste water cleaning): Although activated sludge process with separate aeration & settling tanks are starting to become common amongst existing sewer waste water treatment system, Membrane BioReactor: MBR(faster processing & smaller space taking, scalable sizing) is already mainstream standard on new installation level(Bio Microbics+). Some claim to function with 1/2 size of regular MBR tank size(Kubota+), 、-->>cont: 31 • 8‘Aeration, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Digestion: Effect mix of Accepted, Disputed, Rejected by (WM)

32. 32 • 8‘Aeration, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Digestion continued 2: Aeration & Aerobic Bacteria 2 • -->>cont: WM Accepted widely used effects: J(wastewater aeration): • Other competitive low cost effective aerations by: i- selecting bacteria that needs less oxygen(American Water NPXpress+), ii- very high oxygen retention & large biofilm area generation: Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor:MABR(Emefcy, GE water ZeeLung, OxyMem +), aerating nano ceramic "gill"(BioGill), similar?(Microvi), iii- deep vertical underground shaft with separate up/down controlled flow to maximize hyperbaric oxygenation(NORAM VERTREAT), iv- pressurized oxygen feeding with rotating ceramic membrane disc that diffuses fouling(Grundfos BioBooster+), v- Aerobic and Anaerobic processes take place alternatingly(AtlasEnergyTech - Baswood BioViper+), vi- Simple containerized highly adoptable non reactor type single-pass treatment by advanced composite polymer material enhanced biofilm & filter media system(Island Water Tech REGEN), -->>continued

33. 33 • 8‘Aeration, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Digestion continued 3: Aeration & Aerobic Bacteria 3 • -->>cont: WM Accepted widely used effects: J(wastewater aeration): Other competitive low cost effective aerations by: • vii- Unique low maintenance tray based compact Air Stripping system(not packed tower which is mainstream in many nations[Tonka Water, Layne Christensen+]) that removes almost all toxic VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds (QED Environmental Systems, Carbonair+), viii- Supersaturated /concentrated air or oxygen dissolved in water by bubble size & pressure control etc(BlueInGreen+) ix- Combination of aeration and hydrodynamic cavitation(株式会社ネクストリー+) ■ This is not really aeration, but at about 10% size of equivalent performing conventional primary treatment settling tank with 1/2 power use with improved overall performance by Rotating Belt Filtration(screen belt) is still not well propagated in some markets(Hydro International Hydro MicroScreen, Blue Water Eco MAT+), same mechanics with sludge dewatering added(Salsnes Filter) -->>continued

34. • -->cont: WM Accepted widely used effects: J(waste water cleaning): Membrane BioReactor(MBR): In addition to smaller tank, 20-30% less energy use & low CAPEX by aerobic granular sludge generating quicker setting(Royal HaskoningDHV Nereda): initiated by Delft Univ.(There is slight disputing on effectiveness at media level) • Although some universities in West pioneer new water technology commercialization, This group from Netherlands has most frequently been the driving force of bringing in previous pseudoscience into WM as science legal effects. Often when they publish western unapproved but non western nations granted effects, suddenly it becomes "discovered" & other western scientists can officially start studying it for the first time. • L(Drinking water production): Slow Sand Filter(SSF) by biofilm effect(schmutzdecke) has been long used as very effective low cost method with essentially only cost is occasional sand cleaning. Mostly replaced by "new conventional" methods since around 1950s by exaggerated media ineffectiveness appeal, lack of profitability (when this system is sold compared to other mechanical-chemical types) & short term land sales profit in low cost land area, and genuinely higher cost in super high land cost area. 34 • 8‘Aeration, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Digestion continued 4: Aeration & Aerobic Bacteria 4

35. • -->> cont: WM Accepted: L(Drinking water production): Slow Sand Filter(SSF) by bioﬁlm effect(schmutzdecke): Its high effectiveness in removing heavy metal to undesired bacteria is not fully WM explained. *Also effective as activated sludge combined waste water treatment is now becoming underutilized status on new installation basis, replaced by another bio process MBR(Membrane BioReactor). • Given established economic system, more suitable to install new in poor nations with low cost land that doesn't disrupt local overall business structure. With mechanical sand cleaning system, low cost labour is no longer essential. Cost competitiveness diminishes in long freezing season area(BioSand Filter - Manz Engineering, Bushproof, South Asia Pure Water Initiative+), Often due to low proﬁtability(too cheap) notable NGOs handling rather than prv companies(similar phenomena to solar desalination or atmospheric water collector)(DHAN Vayalagam foundation +), but some eco conscious Western companies are taking up again(Osmo Sistemi+) • J(waste water cleaning): effect in sludge digestion by some high aeration methods has WM media occasionally Disputed portion as to whether non-conventional aeration methods are much more effective than regular aeration types. In certain applications/situations some are reported to demonstrate disruptively increased effectiveness in following types: Spiral aerator type(Pax Water Technologies+), Z(bioenhancement, extra plant growth)(Seair inc+) -->>continued 35 • 8‘Aeration, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Digestion continued 5: Aeration & Aerobic Bacteria 5 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

36. • -->>cont: J(waste water cleaning): WM media occasionally Disputed Portion: Bottom up spiral vortex bubble aerator(Hanasaki Bussan Neo Tornado+), Bottom up slow pulsed air seems to save 50-95% of energy(mostly towards the latter) with low maintenance no moving parts mechanics & variety of unconventional favorable side effects(Pulsair Systems, Pulsed Hydraulics inc, Geyser Pulse Pumps +): this tech is widely used for a long time by military types and many mainstream organizations in specific segment • Oloid aeration for surface floating device(Oloid.ch+): likely the most effective in exclusive surface aeration tech, BioCeramic contained microbe use(BioCleaner+), Cavitation Jet(DynaSwirl+), Some unidentified bacteria combo seem to have pseudoscientifically effective results(Sludge Solutions International+), Adding infused microbubbles & ultrasound(Blue Frog System+): for smaller nanosized Ultra fine bubble aeration(Anzaimcs+) see 13’Nanobubble. For Vortex types see 11’HydroDynamic Cavitation & 12’Spiral Vortex Flow. For Aerobic/Anaerobic digestion also see 30’EM. • Generally WM Rejected effect: D2(Human preferred selective herb-insect removing), • Unlisted Effect: Unusually low energy use(80-90% less) effective aeration & decomposing of waste water when rapidly changing pressure was applied as liquid travels to & out of rotating treating drums via settling tanks: Bio-Disk Rotating Biological Contractor (‫.ט.ל‬ ‫הסביבה‬ ‫לאיכות‬ ‫החברה‬ E.P.C. ltd Bio-Disk+) 36 • 8‘Aeration, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Digestion continued 6: Aeration & Aerobic Bacteria 6

37. 37 • 8‘Aeration, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Digestion continued 7: Anaerobic Digestion(AD) • ♛Anaerobic Digestion(AD)(Anaerobic AnMBR): microbes consume waste content in water to produce methane gas(natural gas) in absence of oxygen, which can be used to produce power, some water treatment operations are net electricity exporter. Pre-treatment like mild hydrolysis etc increases digestion effectiveness • WM Accepted effects, widely used in some nations, J(wastewater cleaning) speciﬁcally ammonia oxidation/decomposing: Anammox Process(Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation)(Paques nl, Kurita, DEMON GmbH, Hitachi+), likely similar(Microvi). 、 Also as four element combined effect of: J(waste water cleaning)/ P(sludge reduction)/C2(plant growth promote matter generating)/ G2(energy fuel production): CHP(Combined Heat & Power) use often at least to heat AD tank. There are installation gaps by nations & industry/sector of full mainstream use to under-utilization. -->>cont: linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

38. 38 • 8‘Aeration, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Digestion continued 8: Anaerobic Digestion(AD) 2 • -->>cont: WM Accepted effects: J(waste water cleaning)/P(sludge reduction)/ C2(plant growth promote matter generating)/G2(energy fuel production): • FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT: One of std process in: Food/Beverage etc industry related process anywhere in world(Paques nl+) or North West Europe in all sectors including public waste water treatment,(Veolia Exelys-Biothelys, Hydroitalia - Colsen, WABAG, Hager+Elsaesser). Algae assisted(Aquanos, MBD Energy, Algae Enterprises+), even portable type available(Ennesys FREEWATERBOX). Microbubble/Nanobubble CO2 infusion might increase up to 2wice gas production(Perlemax+): this also seems to apply to algae productivity 、 US/Canada have lower municipality water installation & technically capable service companies located there mainly install industrial/farming clients or overseas cities for this speciﬁc process system(GE Water, WOG group, ADI Systems+), many non- western nations utilization is low. • For light wastewater from beverage/meat/dairy processing types, new even signiﬁcantly lower cost tech is advancing(NVP Energy+): e.g. Low temp anaerobic digestion(<20°C) with no aeration requirement, super high sludge digestion, low maintenance, 85%+ biogas concentration -->>cont:

39. • -->>cont: WM Accepted effects: J(waste water cleaning)/P(sludge reduction)/ C2(plant growth promote matter generating)/G2(energy fuel production): • FOR LIQUID INVOLVED HEAVIER TO SOLID WASTE: Compared to municipality waste water treatment, heavier solid waste content agricultural or process integrated industrial waste water has lot higher rate of installations: sophisticated mid-large power generation system in Germany(10,000, less extent to other NW Europe, further less in other advanced nations)(EnviTec Biogas, BTA international, Krieg & Fischer Ingenieure, OWS nv+): often smaller type of gas only use: some nations like Brazil/Middle East etc, but particularly in India/Pakistan(4 million+)(Biotech India, Beta Pak Biogas+), China with state backed DIY type system(40 million+), • Though volume differs by methods, still signiﬁcant amount of byproduct Biogas Digestate needs to have a way of disposing as sales channel or self consumption route : Agricultural co-application(for farming far enough from the city area due to the smell), Combustion/gasiﬁcation fuel, Cellulosic ethanol processing etc 39 • 8‘Aeration, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Digestion continued 9: Anaerobic Digestion(AD) 3 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

40. 40 • 8‘Aeration, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Digestion continued 10: Anaerobic Digestion(AD) 4 • -->>cont: WM Accepted effects: J(waste water cleaning)/P(sludge reduction)/ C2(plant growth promote matter generating)/G2(energy fuel production): • SMALL SIZE APPLICATION: In some other parts of world it is little used while rapidly increasing deployment in others. Septic tank can be converted to be methane recovery system(BiogasPro Agama+). Movable house gas making device suitable for Western environment(HomeBiogas+), • ■ Unlisted effect: Recovery of Phosphorus from waste water before or during cleaning process to increase treatment efﬁciency or AD process itself, often recovered as struvite, some methods might combine with conventional recovery method of adding chemical magnesium/calcium for crystallization or pH adjustment NaOH(HydroItalia-Colsen ANPHOS, Rephosmaster, Ostara, Swing-w, CNP AirPrex, Herning Vand - Aarhus Vand Phosphor+), Bacteria(Polyphosphoric acid) use might be more cost effective?(Organo, Kurita+) or Algea use?(Claras Water Recovery+). Also non water related process or recoverable-reuseable chemical use(ie still cleantech) from wastewater sludge ash(REMONDIS TetraPhos +) or pyrolysis based treatment(Hitachi Zosen+) seems to be lower cost linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

41. 41 • 9’SuperCritical Water: Effect mix of Accepted, Disputed, Fully rejected by Western Mainstream(WM) • ■ 9’SuperCritical Water(SCW)(also see more at section 50'SuperCritical Water which includes related low pressure low temp Hydrolysis, This presentation also categorizes lower temperature Subcritical & Hydrolysis lumped together): There are many mainstream fully endorsed tech applications in variations. Especially catalysis used & lower temperature - pressure used hydrolysis types are common in specific industrial segment(biomass anaerobic treatment, toxin decomposing, solid waste, Chemical/Pulp/ Paper, Pharma, Oil refining industry etc) but lot less so in others, Might involve close to 100% efficiency Hydrothermal combustion/Hydrothermal flame in the process. Coal Water Slurry element use is led by China which is sort of taboo to use in mainstream west business.、 WM Accepted effects: A(descaling pipes), all salts are recovered, like heavy concentration phosphorus from municipal wastewater?, J*(BOD reduction, Advanced Oxidizing Process-AOP, toxin decomposing/depolymizing/SuperCritical Water Oxidation: SCWO),(SCFI Aqua Critox+), Particular focus on problematic wastewater(Aquarden+), Currently rare large municipal scale waste water sludge treatment(SuperWater Solutions), Also China's SCW is primarily for this purpose (except Coal Water Slurry & IGCC coal power generation with added H2 made from water): ! • (陕⻄万丰能源环保科技有限公司 Shaanxi Wanfeng Energy Environmental Protection Technology, 新奥环保携创新技术有限公司 Xinao Group, 碧流天能 Blue Energy +),

42. 42 • 9’SuperCritical Water: continued 2 • —>> cont: WM Accepted less commercially viable effects: • H2(Dewater-drying food/organic matter),(Nomura-genesis +)as superheated steam, also this process enhances deoxydizng effect(in expanded vapour form there is almost no oxygen left) as opposite of its well known oxidization. • L(Drinking water generation[non desalination]+); only cost viable in limited situations • WM media occasionally Disputed, effects, it is on way to mainstream media acceptance also, Complete WM science, G2(Energy-fuel production: hydrocarbon/Char): in often most cost competitive manner out of organic waste-trash or biomass including cellulosic/Iignin types as full depolymerization with minimal need of pre-separation, or sometimes less shredding(Licella - Ignite, REG Synthetic Fuels, Steeper Energy, GreatPoint Energy, Genifuel+), Algae specialized (NIWA-Solray-Muradel+): some are direct liquefaction, others are via Sub or SuperCritical Water(SCW) gasiﬁcation: Sewage sludge gasiﬁcation is done very quietly by mainstream now(Meta Water+)

43. 43 • 9’SuperCritical Water: continued 3 • WM Fully rejected as occasionally claimed effects: Many of proprietary type so called “Healing” type or “Catalytic” type water seem to involve trade secret rapid heating/cooling often under high or low pressure than atmosphere in speciﬁc precision order/ pressure/temperature/duration combination as main process, many are treated in Subcritical realm. • This seems usually augmented/accompanied by either : Hydrodynamic cavitation, EM wave treatment (mainly UV, ELF, EHF, Thz), Plasma discharge, Vaporazing-condensing, Electrolysis, certain mineral(often FIR emitting or "electrically perpetually active" types like Tourmaline, or negatively charged Bentonite etc) or biopolymer or bio enhancing type herbs or bacteria mixing prior to the treatment,(see 62-63’General Summary of Anomalous “Vitalizing Effect Water”), -->> continued linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

44. • -->> cont: WM Fully rejected as occasionally claimed effects: Many of proprietary or “Catalytic” type water: • Effects: Sealed water claimed to last up to 5yrs for its effects, and produced water is used as concentrate for 10-1000+ times dilution: D(Algae germ stiﬂing as water), Z(Plant/animal grow larger-faster with water), B2(Less plant water needs), C2(soil desalination effect), D2(selective human prefered herb-germ-insect enhancing), E2(ﬂavor enhancement), F2(human/animal skin, bio function enhancement), • Unlisted effects: ■ This type of water process has effect of -“imprinting” or copying process of mineral or magnetic property into water or vice versa. Certain water with copied qualities of some mineral can be further “pasted” on to 3rd party solid matter): eg of heating-cooling as key process in this type of water: (Enjoy VivoPlus)?, See details including commercialized examples at 28’Catalytic Water. 44 • 9’SuperCritical Water: continued 4 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

45. • ■ 10‘Ultrasonic, Sonic Cavitation & other Acoustic effects; See also ♛Acoustic Pulsed Fire effect on later pages in this section 10, Ultrasonic effect doesn’t necessarily accompany Sonic cavitation effects, Each service/product tend to specialize in speciﬁc different areas: • WM Accepted effects: A(Anti pipe scaling effect)(Грандэнерго, Nanjing Hanzhou Technology+), B(anti-corrosion) by Acoustic signal to cause disturbance for preventing Elements precipitation to pipe walls, C(Algae, bacteria, germ stifling)(H2O Bio Sonic, Thomasonic UK+) by shock wave, heat, and generation of H2O2 or Hydroxyl radical, Some claim no cavitation/harmful sounds is produced for animals(LG Sonic Cameleon Technology+): specific frequency seems to exist for undesired algae - Usually Electroporation effect(see section 42’ElectroPoration) or ElectroAcoustic effect generating electric field by "vibration friction" of solute/colloidal ions: Because this transverse EM field coincides in same oscillation as longitudinal acoustic wave, it's standing wave like resonance phenomena, Hence significantly improved effect can occur at specific Ultrasonic range(EMCS Industries+) -->>cont: 45 • 10‘Sonic, Its Cavitation, Acoustic Pulsed Fire Drying: Effect mix of Accepted, Rejected, Fully rejected by(WM) linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

46. 46 • 10‘Ultrasonic, Sonic Cavitation & Acoustic Pulsed Fire Drying & other Acoustic eﬀects: continued 2 • —>>cont: WM Accepted effects: • E(Industrial type heavy cleaner)(Спецмаш ультразвукового оборудования, НПО «ЗЕЛТ» ua+), Paint stripping(Pratt & Whittney PurePulse +), or 90%+ water saving cleaning(Ultra Wave - StarStream+), Most “dip-in type” top line devices come with oscillation or up-down motion option to prevent sonic frequency based “uneven clean zones”(eg 40khz creates it every 19-20mm), or by frequency changer(Rion-tpe+), Often vacuum combined (Aqua-c +), Adjustable cavitation quality (Sonicfellow ....... +), Enhanced cavitation cleaning in vacuum(Sharp UC-600AV, Pureron Japan, Miuraz jp, UCE Ultrasonic+) • F(Laundry & washing): residential use portable device(Volcano Turbo Wash+): Industrial multiple chamber vacuum-ambience dual type - std process use in electronics etc but not so in many other industries(Sakura Seiki, MasusanTec, Clean Technologies Group+), Resonating ultrasonic frequency at projecting source before water hits washing target(Kaijo.co.jp+), M(energy production enhancing): biofuel production improvement(Sonotronic de+), -->>cont:、 • アクア化学 • ソニック・フェロー株式会社 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

47. 47 • 10‘Ultrasonic, Sonic Cavitation & Acoustic Pulsed Fire Drying & other Acoustic effects: continued 3 • —>>cont: WM Accepted effects: 、 I(Oil water separating) & J(Waste water cleaning, Oil, toxin recovery): by promoting faster degredation(Ultrawaves GmbH+), Mainstream use but only in some nations in Europe. Ballast water treatment by oxygen removal by inert gas combined with self generating ultrasonic oscillation(ColdHarbour Marine+), UV combined for increased decomposing matter & UV light cleaning effect both(Svarog UV+), Enhanced oil recovery(Progress Ultrasonics Group+), Replacement of water filtering solids(FloDesign Sonics+), Industrial wastewater cleaning by cavitation(Ultrazvu.com, Nlegin ru+) • Also unique solutes atomization-separation from water as same-element- nanoclustered-powdered-form("ultrasonic drying"/ "steamless drying") with low temperature(keep flavor & nutrition) & at least 40% less cost of conventional heat based drying while certain separation is much larger saving(NanoMist Technologies+): also low cost "ultrasonic wet scrubbing" or ethanol separation in works. • P(Odor removal as process, sludge reduction)(Dewaco Finnsonic, VTA Austria GmbH, Oviowater Sonolyzer+) direct shockwave destroys some organism, also seems to be by increased Hydroxyl with certain frequency, W(Degassing) with certain frequency, -->>cont:

48. 48 • 10‘Ultrasonic, Sonic Cavitation & Acoustic Pulsed Fire Drying & other Acoustic effects: continued 4 • —>>cont: WM Accepted effects: H2(dewatering, drying): generating standing wave amplifies the effect, 50% range energy & time both saving, no temperature increase to the dried medium or substrate: ink, paint, glue etc,(Heat Technologies Inc+), close to order of magnitude for grain, fish, wood, cotton, pharmaceutical etc(Акустика ресурс, U-sonic ru +) • Unlisted effects: ■(matter destruction, boring holes)(VLN-Tech+), ■(less pain thorough root canal cleaning)(Sonendo+), ■(Barnacle growth prevention)(Hunter Technologies+), ■(Std process of flaw detection can be applied for pipe or water container situations by use of Immersion Transducers): std process in some industries but not all(Olympus-ims+), ■(Part of Std process in Oil In Water Monitoring [OIWM]): but underexplored in other applications (Mirmorax+), same use with ultrasonic self cleaning sensor system(ProAnalysis Argus+), ■(Emulsion fuel)(Hielscher, Vodmazut Раптех, ЦЭТ Гидротопливо+), ■(Water meter)(Kamstrup+), core mainstream industrial use, underused in residential in many nations, ■(Transporting matter including water or up-in-the-air liquid mixing)(ETH Zurich: Dan Foresti+, Tokyo Inst of Tech: Ken Nakamura+), still max 4kg transport level ability for industrial application, ■(Car "wiper")(Toyota, Asahi Glass, McLaren+), ■(Non invasive relatively small fat removal/reduction from body, Sonic "Liposuction"), Hydrolipoclasy uses body-acclimatizing water based liquid(VIVO Clinic, Naturale Clinic - Clinica Naturale+), but no water use tech with direct ultrasonic cavitation of fat(Lorelay Salon & Spa+) is WM rejected. 、 Generally WM Rejected effect, Claims are made in connection with hydrodynamic cavitation devices which generate standing wave acoustic oscillation, M(spray soak treated water to make food fresh longer, less mold), Less often claimed effects: Z(plant-animal grow faster with larger crops, promote fermentation/decomposing), WM Fully rejected or treated as fraud, less often claimed effect, A2(desalinating water) (SonCav+)

49. • Subsection: ♛Pulsed "Acoustic Fire" Drying effect: This acoustic effect generally seems to be a result of standing wave generation by pulsated firing at 200-300Hz range, generating various anomalous effects yet quietly accepted or ignored by WM for some reason except thermodynamic violating segment of the tech: • WM Accepted effects: G2(Energy efficiency increase), H2(Dewatering/drying): Here treated water doesn't help efficiency but the manner water is dried off powder etc indicates unusual efficiency & speed in comparison to conventional spray drying or Ultrasonic spray drying, • Pulse combustion generates sonic sound energy shock waves & this standing wave causing sound seems(requirement for effectiveness) to accelerate drying by breaking bonds between water and matter, also far wider range of matter & size can be dried since there is no nozzle to spray used like in conventional spray drying: eg Ink drying, Production of Pulp & Paper, Gympsum& OSB/Fibreboards, or even in advanced drying system like rotary kiln. Speed of drying is in certain aspect is about 50-100 times faster with about 1/10-100 of energy used for fire control itself(ignored and not debunked by WM), while there is very little heat incurred in dried material even fire itself is 1000°C range, hence useable for protein/enzyme drying. Pulsed fire often becomes self sustaining with no outside power used hence power use for overall fire related function at this point is none. If precisely calculate all of this, it would be difficult to deny "over unity" efficiency 49 • 10‘Ultrasonic, Sonic Cavitation & Acoustic Pulsed Fire Drying & other Acoustic effects: continued 5 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

50. • -->>continued: ♛Pulsed "Acoustic Fire" Drying effect: G2(Energy efficiency increase), H2(Dewatering/drying): • WM Fully rejected : Same "G2 & H2" effect description but from here it is realm of WM rejection: Exaggerated efficiency version of & relation to Pulsed Jet Rockets mechanics which is also conventionally not fully explainable. Also “air flow” caused by this "pulsed standing wave acoustic fire" seems to be “charged” so that this air itself dries other medium much faster than regular air, even 99% moisture matter is driable instantly. Drying effectiveness and sound itself affected by geometric structure of drying area also - Resembling concept of pseudoscientized propellantless microwave cavity drive used for space travel by Roscosmos and NASA. There is another side of similarity which is thermoacoustic effect. • Majority of this tech operators claim similar range of pre-mentioned effects:(Heat Technologies Inc, PulseDry, Pulse Drying Systems+) • Also some additionally claim alter the shape of particles as they are dried: instead of default globule shape, can make rugged patter for better adhesive capability when sprayed on(Wave Dry+) 50 • 10‘Ultrasonic, Sonic Cavitation & Acoustic Pulsed Fire Drying & other Acoustic effects: continued 6 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

51. 51 • 11’Hydrodynamic cavitation: Effect mix of Accepted, Disputed, Rejected, Fully rejected by (WM) linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada • ■ 11’Hydrodynamic cavitation: Rapid water vortex, pressure drop, or turbulence involves cavitation, solutes or microorganism cells in water are ruptured/oxidized in various degrees depends on process by impact of colliding, imploding, shockwave, sometimes accompanying acoustic standing waves, sonoluminescence, production of H2O2, Hydroxyl & UV ray, • Process might involve Venturi, Orifice effects, as well as Ultrasonic(Hydrosonic) phenomena caused by water movement generating standing wave like effects with very low energy use(sometimes accompanied by self running effect[ie: perpetual motion, pseudoscientized]), or claims of microplasma generation very similar to Electrohydraulic effect or Rotating Magnetic field/ Rotating Electrode effect(active Torsion field), Spin type is often well beyond 1000RPM, some close to 10,000RPM range, Certain element of SubCritical water is involved: -->>cont:

52. 52 • 11’Hydrodynamic cavitation: continued 2 • WM Accepted effects: H(Oil water separation)(Global Adavntech+), J(BOD reduction, Advanced Oxidizing Process, toxin/oil ﬁeld waste water/sludge decomposing)(WhirlWind.nl+), For ballast water(Globallast ua+), Enhanced oil recovery- additional hydrocarbon quality improvement(Arisdyne+), synergy with UV for even more disruptive level of large volume industrial water AOP(Western Magnum CAV-OX, OZONIX Ecosphere Tech+), same effect with Cavitating Jets(DynaFlow+) • P(Odor remove, sludge reduction): by killing microbes(by cell lysis, ozone, H2O2 etc) & decomposing matter. Some high pressure homogenizers' effectiveness seem to derive from venturi/oriﬁce type cavitation effect(Crown Disintegration Evoqua, Microsludge+), can be used for dewatering(VRTX Technologies+), W(Degassing & Deoxygenation):eg (Vortex Energy Saver+) is installed in water heater system to save 20-30% cost saving- This is surprisingly WM approved(UK govn’t), -->>cont: linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

53. 53 • 11’Hydrodynamic cavitation: continued 3 • -->>cont: WM Accepted effects: • G2(Energy production, Heat recovery) by pressure drop weak cavitation element water spray into flue gas(Condensing Scrubber: direct contact heat recovery and cleaning exhaust) is long mainstream with majors participation(Valmet, Babcock & Wilcox, Hitachi Zosen Inova+), but generally underutilized. Smaller specialized companies offer(Bionomic Industries QSense, Thermal Energy International, Air Treatment System Srl+), Advanced combustion air humidification with heat pump combo(Caligo Industria, Condens Heat Recovery Oy+): also Western Mainstream(WM) unapproved effect in later pages • Sometimes WM Disputed effect(easy to obfuscate & deny effect by at Western mainstream “test lab” level by changing vortex pattern or speed), Top performers' HVAC effect seems extremely potent, simple, and low cost: A*(Descaling), HVAC application by stripping CO2 hence precipitating CaCO3(HyCator+), Pipe cleaning (Group Konstanta «МАНГУСТ»+), Dairy product flow pipe descaling is WM fully rejected(TEKMASH+), B(anticorrosion of water pipes)(VRTX Technologies - EcoWater CHC), C*(Germ killing & Algae removal)(CT Systems ua+), Beverage process(HydroDynamics - SPX Flow+), L(Drinking water generation+), X(Lower redox value), linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

54. 54 • 11’Hydrodynamic cavitation: continued 4 • -->>cont: Sometimes WM Disputed effect:、 Occasionally Claimed: D*(Algae germ killing, disinfectant as drinkable water)(Waterbotruff+), Generally claimed to work more like water filter as Oxidation destruction occurs, Certain heater device also produces range of effect similar to strong time variant magnetic field treated like water effect, K(Dirty water lake, river cleaning), N(Food detergent), S(Separation of undesired particles in waterflow by controlled cavitation)(Hydro International, Vorsana+), Oil-water separation(Connex Water, Alfa Laval - S and P Flex+), • Unlisted effect: ■i Cavitation Underwater Cleaner: Removing growth/ debres on underwater hard surface (Limpieza Purotecnica SA, Cavitech Denizcilik, Sugino Machine+): shockwave and timely cavitation as fine bubble hits the surface with much faster cleaning/far less paint peel off, much less power use than conventional mechanical/hydraulic/jet methods while safer to users(link to jet nanobubble). Use for tankers, commercial ships, offshore oil industry, underwater structure cleaning, recreational etc,

55. 55 • 11’Hydrodynamic cavitation: continued 5 • -->>cont: Sometimes WM Disputed effect: Unlisted effect:、 ■ii Oil water emulsion(КПМ Кавитационная, CavitroniX+), Hydrodynamic cavitation itself and it's produced ultrasonic(hydroacoustic) wave use (Spektrultra Спектр+), ■iii ultra fast mixing/degassing-deaeration by vacuum planetary + centrifugal mixer of quasi concentric same directional rotation of 500-1000rpm each(hence inner spin can be upto equiv of 1000x1000?)(similar to hydrodynamic cavitation degree movement with oscillation-resonance): for semiconductor & precision manufacturing(air removing), pharma, ceramic, chemical, various emulsion(Kakuhunter, 株式会社EME+), added ultrasonic use(Thinky Corporation+) • Generally WM Rejected effect, O(Remove odor of dairy farm by feeding water), U(Stronger cement, ice, paper, gypsum board etc):(Watreco-Realice+), Quality snow making with vortex followed by venturi water release(Steinbach Alpin+), V(Faster boiling, alcohol separation, more heat conductive), • Occasionally claimed: Q(metal working fluid, cutting fluid), E2(Enhance flavor bakery/pasta/coffee etc)(CTI Nanotech+) linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

56. 56 • 11’Hydrodynamic cavitation: continued 6 • WM Fully rejected occasionally claimed effect: • G(Toilet, stain, odor, remove by water), Z(Plant, animal grow larger- faster, promotes fermentation, Catalyst to ferment food, drink, manure), (Vidyo Dimitrov Fluid Power+), Humus or peat type soil is "digested" to quickly become organic fertilizer more effectively and lower cost than chemical types(Kodan Tarim+): same effect as Electrohydraulic water treatment. But when consider extra oxygen and nitrogen is dissolved then that itself partially explains enhanced plant growth irrigation effect by venturi type injectors(Mazzei Venturi+), • A2(Salt water desalination):(Terus.vn, ДЭВА Dewa Pulse, Ratron.su +), so far local mainstream accepted(but most likely debunked if went full mainstream) unique air-water mix vortex(not really hydro cavitation) for possibly lowest cost commercialized ocean water desalination in West(Micronic Technologies MicroDesal-MicroEVAP), -->>cont: linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

57. 57 • 11’Hydrodynamic cavitation: continued 7 • -->>cont: WM Fully rejected: • B2(Less plant water needs, soil water fast absorption and retention), D2(Human prefered herb-insect-germ enhancing),(Biokavitus+), G2(Energy production, combustion assistance): this includes commonly claimed “overunity” effect of efﬁciency beyond 100% performance for much lower cost heating system(Юрле-К Yurle, Graviton-M+), or dairy product processing system while generating overunity heat(ТЕКМАШ - TEKMASH+), also Biofuel production(HydroDynamics+), Used for emulsion fuel generation(section 37'), Efficient HHO gas production(saltwater electrolyte use, eg seawater) & saturated or dry steam production(Cavitation Energy Systems). • WM approved portion of “G2”: 1-Water emulsion upto 15% range for fuel saving(Vortexfuel ua эмульсия+), 2-Different mechanics of SuperCavitation enables supersonic travel within water: various military group use linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

58. 58 • 12’Spiral Vortex flow: Effect mix of Accepted, Disputed, Rejected by Western Mainstream(WM) • ■ 12’Spiral Vortex flow/Flowform: Much slower & uncovered open flow version of gravity led hydrodynamic flow as well as slower than hydrodynamic cavitation fast flow for non moving parts fast large vol separator: • WM Accepted effect: S(Coagulation/separation of toxin/waste/sand etc): industrial sand or solid impurity removal(Lakos+), Storm water particle separation is widely used standard process in some areas but not in others(Kristar, AquaShield Aqua- Swirl+), similarly for V(Faster boiling, alcohol separation, more heat conductive): Oil separation(Contech VortClarex, TerreStorm+): it comes from one end and water from the other end. Generally ineffective for emulsified water, but some spin faster/ adjust pressure to work some degree of emulsion oil or 5μm droplet separation down to 5-10ppm is possible(Ultraspin Technology+), 3way oil-water-solids separator(Enviro Voraxial, Clear Water Plasma+), W(Degassing), 、 Unlisted effect: ■Fast cooling effect: Use of Rankine Vortex to "chill on demand" drinks in round container including carbonated ones by spinning in cold water/ice slurry, from room 25°C to 5°C range in 60(cans)-400(bottles)secs to save energy (V-tex cool, CooperCooler, SpinChill+), much faster than Peltier devices, or freezer. linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

59. • ■Use of vortex flow dynamics to improve even fibre dispersion & uniform fibre direction setting at Hydraulic Headbox/Flowbox at papermaking machine to increase recovery, paper strength, and save water/material(Vortigen - Fluidics Microforming Systems / CK Aidun) - what happens if combined with magnets/FIR stock treatment? • WM Disputed effect: Generally explained by improved aeration and some sort of WM denied “vitalizing effect” by pulsating rhythmic vortex flow, or voltage difference generated between water and rock/wall just aside of water flow. P(Odor remove, sludge reduction by process)(Muddy River Technologies, Vortex Flow Inc+): combined vortex down and up in phase conjugate manner for faster effect (Mixaerator+), Unique combination of aerobic bacteria film full of long pipe with periodical moderate sudden pressure reduction venturi for tankless wastewater treatment(Biopipe Global AG), • ● Weaker effect, A&B(Descaling & Anti corrosion)(Chesterton Vortex Divison+), C(Algae germ stifling)(Bertil Pettersson Plus & Minus+), D(Algae germ stifling as water), I(Grease trap clean, kitchen odor removal,Catalyst to ferment food, drink, manure): aerobic bacteria activation, K(Dirty river water clarity or fish growth enhancement in flow)(Living Water Flowform+) -->>continued 59 • 12’Spiral Vortex/flowform: continued 2 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

60. • -->>cont: WM Disputed effect: ● Weaker occasionally claimed effect M(Spray-soak treated water to last food, less mold), • Generally WM Rejected effect, E2(Flavor enhancement on pasta, soup, coffee etc) (Prime Inventions+) Weaker effect: J(BOD[Biological Oxygen Demand[ reduce, AOP[Advanced Oxidizing Process], toxin/oil field/waste water): linked to last pages’ “P” type odor removing effect, O(Remove odor of dairy farm by feeding animals), Z(Plant/animal grow larger, faster nutritious, promotes fermentation), B2(Less plant water needs, higher soil water absorption), C2(Plant grow in salty water, Soil desalination), D2(Human preferred animal-plant-bacteria etc enhancement), F2(Human/Animal skin-dental enhance, medical boost): WM rejected claims of above are collectively made/implied for many devices(Pejosan, Alive Water, Grander Water+): note they are often additionally equipped with other WM unapproved effects such as FarInfraRed emitting minerals, or “subtle energy oscillating” medium(actually measurable by some spectroscopy) • Large majority of devices combine other WM labeled “pseudoscientific” processes: 27’Magnetic, 31’Torsion, 32’Scalar, 33’Bioceramic etc. Often “new age” connotation implied when marketed to household use products 60 • 12’Spiral Vortex/flowform: continued 3 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

61. 61 • 13’Nanobubble: Effect mix of Accepted, Disputed, Rejected by Western Mainstream(WM) • ■ 13’Nanobubble, Ultrafine bubble, Fine bubble, Microbubble: Bubble size & name is rather vaguely applied or differing definitions: but generally 10-300nm+ for nano and -1-50 µm(1,000-50,000nm) for micro bubble as indicator. Sometimes "hidden under" name of DAF(Dissolved Air Floatation)- nanobubble doesn't float & stay in water, while microbubble disappears-implodes with cavitation(with hydroxyl radical generation). Effects differ by bubble content: mainly use of Air, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Ozone, CO2, Helium, Inert gas. Production method: Generally following methods are applied- some are related to the cause of other bioactivating unorthodox effects: Vortex & Hydrodynamic cavitation, High pressure gas injection, Gas mixed superheated steam injection, Venturi, Acoustic Cavitation, Electrolysis, Electric Pulse - Microplasma, Conductive Nanoceramic etc. • WM Accepted effect: A(Scale prevention), C*(bacteria-algae stifling process by bubbling): Killing virus without corroding effect on metal(NaturesCompany.jp+ ), Ballast Water treatment(Gascon, HondaKiko+) by at least partially with impact of bubbles’ cavitation, Calcium etc broken down & kept in solution by Hydroxyl generated, but most major effect is likely to do with double-layer type charge- electron-current effect: negative ion around bubble to give electrons or generate hydroxyl. Vitalizing larger bioorganism or stifle rust but tends to kill virus.

62. • -->> cont: WM Accepted effect: E* (Industrial type heavy cleaner, particularly effective for IT industry type use precision parts /semi conductor cleaning),(idm.ne.jp+) deemed most effective washing medium in some applications(See section 48’Nitrogen & CO2 infused water), Also done in other methods to increase effectiveness(section 58’Ion Projection,): charging particles to reduce zeta potential (by nanobubbles surrounding it), combining Ultrasonic(Ultrasonic-Labo+), Self cleaning mechanics of bathtub etc(Mitsubishi Electric microbubble EcoCute self-cleaning+), 、 Commercial or residential interior cleaning by amplifying negative electrical charge of nanobubbles by electric ﬁeld to trigger electroporation effect on germs(Tennant ActiveIon - Orbio ec-H2O Technology+): effective disinfection. Also probably hydroxyl radical is created as bubbles burst in the process(though manufacturer doesn't claim it), Orbio's cleaning effect is by regular negative charge "sucking" of ultraﬁne bubbles with positive charged dirt- this unique tech mechanics is completely WM science legal but selectively pseudoscientized by WM media(even court system took media science's "advice") in Europe and North America both - probably business lobby's damage control(of this 30,000+ location validated tech) action due to Tennant's mainstream status? 62 • 13’Nanobubble: continued 2 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

63. 63 • アイサン工業 • 13’Nanobubble: continued 3 • —> continued WM Accepted effect: J*(Waste water cleaning) Combine electrolysis to have electroflotation effect(Tokai-nsi+), but even regular Ozone infusion method is deemed quite effective(Toa electronics group, Aisan ecomax +), floatation methods(Nippon Steel Sumikin+): Use of find bubble range - super fine bubble or Nanobble doesn't float. M*(Spray-soak-dip in- to last food, less mold, Deoxydized Nitrogen/CO2 bubble water for long term fish/seashell stock keeping(Nanox Co Ltd+), Use of Oxygen nanobubble to freeze & revive some fish etc,), N*(Food detergent)(イオンナノ水, ESサービス+), P*(Odor & sludge reduction) by oxygen aeration(3-4times dissolving of normal aeration), is good, but Ultrafine ozone bubble lasts up to 12hrs(Hikari-Kurie, Nac-nmg Foamest, Sionix+), Q*(Metal working fluid, cutting fluid, cleaning nano debris off knives to make it last longer, also very effective including splash reduction effect),(Bix.co.jp+), R(Clean metal precision equipment parts), S(Separation of toxin/impurities): by flocculation(Envirovision.jp+), T(Even dyeing, paint production), W(Degassing, detoxication), ■Unlisted effect: Fast dissolving of gas with water(NanoTera Group+)

64. • Japan mainstream use but as sometimes WM Disputed effect, or under exaggerated capability, probably this would have been treated as full pseudosicence if claims were from Russia or China: D*(Algae germ stiﬂing water, The nanobubble & its effect remains in water for at least several days), Vortex aeration style(Tec-kak+), when sealed nanobubbled Ozone continues to exists in water for 6months(Opt Creation Inc+), possibly H2 also(both pseudoscientized by WM), Low pH Ozone infused to minimized metal corrosion- using Diamond electrolysis?(Naturescompany jp), • F(Laundry detergent effect),(Mitsubishi Electric+), Effective with pet bathing when Ozone is used( +), G(toilet clean, stain on wall etc)(Ligaric+) including odor removal, which is suitable as water is faster drying than regular water, Food detergent(Idec Izumi+), H(Oil-water separation): Can break demulsion, Lower cost with improved separation than conventional types: (BLdynamics, Tec-Kak+), microbubble size is more effective in large volume industrial set up -->>cont: 64 • 13’Nanobubble: continued 4 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada アイレックスオゾンペットシャワー

65. • —>>continue WM Disputed: • K(Dirty smelly lake/river/sea water clarity increase), F2(Human animal skin/dental/enhance, insect bite treatment, bioenhancement against disease, cell protection etc),(Anzaimcs+), significantly higher warming capability over regular hot water(Micro-bub+) • Occasionally claimed Y(Insectcide & herb stifler), • Weaker effect: L(Drinking water generation[non desalination]+); more often used as one key part within a multiple processes treatment method, Also as single process is viable in more limited situations, V(Faster boiling, alcohol separation, more heat conductive(Anzaimcs+), G2(Energy production, combustion assistance, efficiency improvement +): Emulsion(Malufuku+), Ocean freight water friction reduction for additionally better gas mileage(Aura-tec com+), H2(soil consolidation, geosynthetics) earthquake reinforcement etc(SatoKogyo jp+) 65 • 13’Nanobubble: continued 5 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

66. • —>>continue WM Disputed: • Unlisted effect: ■ Significant advantage in food processing(Idec Izumi+), ■ Acidity control by CO2 nanobubble injection(TechCorporation jp+), ■ Large sized microbubble reduces residential water use by 20-30%(TanakaKinzoku +), ■ Medical absorption tracing, ■ Omission of expensive high pressure & high temperature reactor possible in some cases: bubble cavitation effect combined with something else causes same chemical alteration effect usually requires expensive set up & high energy: eg room temp/pressure generation of super low cost artificial hydrocarbon creation from H2O & CO2(see section 63' "Anomalous processes & effects" iv- "Fossil Fuel") • B(anticorrosion)but effect seems weaker.(Greensuwon+) • Generally WM Rejected effect, Z(plant/animal grow larger-faster, and increased nutrition value as irrigation water, less smell of cattle residence, promotes bioenhancing type fermentation, Catalyst to ferment or decompose food, drink, manure)(Suiei.co.jp, Asupu.com +), Fertilizer effect by nitrogen nanobubble?(Ok Engineering finebubble+), Ozone finebubble(Blue Planet Environmental+), Significant chicken egg production & quality increase(HUCK UFB jp+), fish enhancement, reviving dying fish(Nikuni jp, REO 研究所+), 66 • 13’Nanobubble: continued 6 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

67. • ■ 14’Photocatalytic water treatment, mainly Titanium Dioxide TiO2, some Tungsten Trioxide WO3. Cu doped TiO2 might be most catalysis producing under UV for commercialized models. H2O reacts to make Hydroxyl radical, H2O2. This applies not only to water ﬁlled surface but air cleaner mechanics(not on tech list) by catalyst applied surface contact airborne water/ moisture creates Oxidizing agents, • Despite wide publicity actual commercialization is relatively rare outside Japan: UV light based effect on producing Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS: hydroxyl radical[OH•], Hydrogen Peroxide[H2O2], Superoxide Anion[O2*−] etc), or Reactive Nitrogen Species(RNS: Nitric Oxide[NO] etc), is WM media approved, but media & some NGOs/Gov'ts sometimes make other versions(Electrolysis, Plasma arc/pulse with-without UV, Photocatalysis, Nanobubble, Ultrasonic, Hydrodynamic Cavitation etc) pseudoscience: “visible light”- eg: UV light is not required(WM science legal) or “no light”(some illegal) photocatalysis, 67 • 14’Photocatalytic water treatment: Effect mix of Accepted, Disputed, Rejected by Western Mainstream(WM) linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

68. • This slow deployment of tech might be a reasonable move as full effect validation at WM media can be more disruptive than many other tech effects for wide applicability and displacement of existing more expensive chemical based tech(which also creates additional clean up industry): • WM Accepted effect: B(anticorrosion of water pipe) by C(killing bacteria & removing bioﬁlms),works well as self cleaning(due to photocatalytic hydrophilicity effect) surfacing in permanently dark area by combining with Platinum etc(WM unapproved)(EcoKimera, Zen-World AirPlot+), Swimming pool applications to replace Chlorine: (This is WM media unapproved) (Newmarins, ecoru.cc+), (Medical focus on hospital ﬂoor- wall-window to clothing fabric-curtain-bedding(EarthPlus-pro.jp+), Filter combined with other "elecrocharging"matter like electret or electroconductive polymer for strong disinfection(CooperAndHunder.org +), Smog cleaning by coating on pavement & tunnel wall (フォトロード工法 photo+), 68 • 14’Photocatalytic: continued 2 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

69. • -->>cont: WM Accepted effect: G*(Laundry detergent, Self cleaning toilet-glass-wall etc, many work with visible light, not necessarily UV light as catalytic process)(also WM rejected no light product exists: silver etc combined), Quite effective in some situation as is due to continuous hydroxyl production, from waste water to pool disinfection, Hospital wall-floor disinfection (Seiwa Inc Kogyo), • Paint or Spray on surface to make self cleaning by water once applied liquid dries, effect lasts from 0.5-5+ yrs, non-binder use type hardsurface coating claims 10-20+yrs,(Nano-coat.jp, Gaera hikari, Nakaya-se, Cata-Rise+) including high traffic soft surface: car seats, fabric, clothing, glass etc, also effective in room walls-carpets-celling for smoking and perfume odor removal. This will only substantially reduce but still needs cleaning especially in no natural rain area. Self cleaning house(PanaHome Kiratech+). Carry on laundry ball(洗濯美人, 洗濯トリニティー+), (Toilet stain, odor removal by water), Special coating onto high water traffic surface urinal.(Toshiba ReneCat, TOTO Hydrotect+) Can be very effective. Also after market coating for Urinal/bathtub(GGC-eco Titanium+) 69 • 14’Photocatalytic: continued 3 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

70. • -->>cont: WM Accepted effect: H(oil-water separation): also demulsion by photocatalytic reaction to alter oleophilic filter to oleophobic -no commercialization found. J(BOD reduction, AOP of waste water, toxin/oil field water water cleaning), cheaper replacement of chlorine, killer hydroxyl disappears quickly and can be used for drinking/food process(CatalySystems+), Light industrial waste water(R-Energy jp+), TiO2 containing ceramic reacts when irrdiated by UV, but this is amplified due to self electricity generating Tourmaline is contained( +), Combined ultrasonic to increase effectiveness(this part WM disapproved), (Titanystar+), • Dioxin & PCB decomposing specialty (Ecoprize.jp+), Industrial/pesticide storage with Toluene and Xylene etc leaking, Housing Formaldehyde(MaryshoSangyo jp +), Ballast water treatment combined with other processes(Headway OceanGuard +), Circulating water for fish farms(Fish-agro ru+) • M(Spray-soak-dip-in to last food or less mold, clean air), platinum based types has high capacity to absorb vegetable rotting ethylene gas but there is also additionally some kind of WM unapproved “residual bio-vitalization effect (Fuji Kihan Titan 不二機販), 70 • 14’Photocatalytic: continued 4 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada 日本バインダー工業 SUPERZERO

71. • —>>continued: WM Accepted effect: M(Spray-soak-dip-in to last food or less mold, clean air): • Air cleaning(water mist is involved so included in this water tech presentation) is a major std application in Japan, it is not pseudoscientized but rather ignored or quietly installed without major reference to it by many other Western ally nations: No filter replacement, can use indoor lights: walls-glasses-filters-clothing-floor- urinal self washing-deodoring-germ-killing-oilmist-decomposing capability(Showa Denko+), • Some of no bonding agent used photocatalytic material(doesn’t peel off) or no UV requirement types are much more effective than others(but these types are WM science level approved, media unapproved), and there are antibacteria metal ion fused no light requirement types that are super effective(Fujico HardFacing MaSSC+),(WM generally ignored-rejected outside Japan), Because this air cleaning includes decomposing mold and Ethylene(C2H4), food in closed room last 3-4 times longer(Air-cleaner Seiwa Kogyo+)/cut flower storage or transportation(TankaFresh, Daikoh Kaizoukun+), Light stand & air cleaner/ airborne germ decomposer(Jet-Japan.jp+), Combined with humidifier for “room cleaning”(Hitachi クリエア+) -->>continued 71 • 14’Photocatalytic: continued 5

72. • —>>continued: WM Accepted effect: • N(Food detergent), • L(Drinking water generation[non desalination]+); categorized "weak" only because it takes more time than other processes, but effect itself is firm and strong. Used as key part of process sometimes but stand alone photocatalytic type water purifier commercialization doesn’t seem to be allowed at this time: except small portable carrying/military type(Puralytics). • This is a much simpler technology compared to other photocatalytic applications: coat any plastic or glass containers with non toxic photocatalyst but ALL mainstream producers stops production during very high demand before 2013 or keep putting off new commercialization while calling it “very promising technology”(Panasonic Water Purification, メデタンク+), 72 • 14’Photocatalytic: continued 6

73. • —>>continued: WM Accepted weak effect: P(Odor remove, sludge reduction by process): weak effect on turbid water or no light reaching matter surface even for pseudoscentized stronger effect “no light” photocatalytic types, This application has similar track record to a”L” Drinking water: from around yr 2000, commercialization has been discussed yet no mainstream group came up with a system, currently seemingly only used part application of UV light reaction AOP type, not sun light or even LED light using types(Takemura-SS, Copper.co.jp, Gyrecat+), • G2(Energy production- H2 produced from water with light), this research is not aware of commercialization • Unlisted effects: ■ Mold Prevention including in high moisture or constantly wet surface(MarushoSangyo jp+), ■ Non fogging window(Asaka Riken Rinko+), 73 • 14’Photocatalytic: continued 7 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Research, Vancouver, Canada

74. • WM Disputed effect: Rare claims: A(pipe descaling) by changing solutes nucleation in water, D(as algae germ stifling as water), • Generally WM Rejected effect, Occasionally claimed, When made by Nano Titan Fine Particle Bombardment(FRB) on platinum or ceramic surface: oxidizing quality yet also strong andioxidannt quality(Fuji Kihan Titan). FPB fusing effect of platinum & titan causing anomalous effect?, K(Dirty lake smell cleaning, fish enhancement), O(remove odor of dairy farm by feeding water to animals), X(Lower redox value water, “alkaline effect”), Y(Insecticide, herb stifler), Z(Pant/animal grow larger, faster, nutritious, less smell, increase fermentation, Catalyst to ferment food, drink, manure/decompose), E2(Enhance Flavor of bakery/pasta/coffee/rice/soup), 74 • 14’Photocatalytic: continued 8 linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

Omgewingsvriendelike, Ekonomiese, Effektiewe Water Skoon Tegnologie vir die Toekoms, wat van Toepassing is op Suid-Afrika is ook (Met opsomming in Afrikaans) / Eco friendly Low-cost effective water technologies

New Nature Paradigm Tech Analysis: Green, Sustainable, Collaborative

Omgewingsvriendelike, Ekonomiese, Effektiewe Water Skoon Tegnologie vir die Toekoms, wat van Toepassing is op Suid-Afrika is ook (Met opsomming in Afrikaans) / Eco friendly Low-cost effective water technologies