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SERIF
A Semantic ExeRcise Interchange Format
Ben De Meester
Hajar Ghaem Sigarchian, Tom De Nies,
Ruben Verborgh, Frank Salliau,
Erik Mannens, Rik Van De Walle
University Ghent – iMinds – Multimedia Lab
ben.demeester@ugent.be | @Ben__DM
LINKed2015@ISWC | October 11th 2015 | Bethlehem, PA
<insert proceedings here>
Icon made by SimpleIcon, CC BY 3.0
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So, you want to practice something new?
Give me all the exercises!
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So, you want to practice something new?
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So, you want to practice something new?
It’s not that simple…
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On the menu:
Learning online is complicated.
SCORM, QTI, LMS, …
But why?
Overhead, coupled, rigid, vendor lock-in, …
Can we solve that?
SERIF
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Learning Record Store
The E-Learning Ecosystem
Learning Management System
Server Client
Execution Environment
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Learning Record Store
The E-Learning Ecosystem
Learning Management System
Server Client
Execution Environment
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Learning Record Store
The E-Learning Ecosystem
Learning Management System
Server Client
Execution Environment
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Learning Record Store
The E-Learning Ecosystem
Learning Management System
Server Client
Execution Environment
Activities
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Technology overview
LMS
Moodle, Blackboard
LRS
Tin Can API
Learning Resource
SCORM, Common Cartridge (IMS)
Assessment items
QTI (IMS), GIFT, Aiken, Blackboard format
Metadata
LOM
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Learning Resources
IMS Global (CC)
Learning Object
Assessments (QTI)
Execution
Logging
SCORM
Learning Object
Assessments
Execution
Logging (Tin Can)
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Learning objects are complex
So complex handling is necessary
However… assessments do not need this complexity.
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Problems
Overhead
Packaging a single exercise in a package
Coupling between execution, content and visualization
Makes sense for learning objects, not for assessments
Not extendable
Content is already complex for learning objects
Vendor lock-in
Hard to conform to complex specs
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Solutions
No overhead
No packaging needed
Decoupling execution, content and visualization
Data model decoupled from execution
Extendable
Extensible in terms of media types and interaction types
Discoverable
Open format, discoverable and reusable
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SERIF
Data model, based on QTI, decoupled from execution
Generic MIME type support
Extendable interactions
Described in RDF
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Example exercise
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Example exercise
Assessment Item
LOM
Metadata
InfoControl (Hint)
ItemBody
Interaction
ScoreMap
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Data model (based on QTI)
http://edutab.test.iminds.be/specs/serif/
http://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/serif
AssessmentItem
type
Identifier
title
metadata
ItemBody
value
value-mimetype
infoControlIdentifier
InfoControl
type
identifier
value
value-mimetype
Item
type
identifier
infoControlIdentifier
ScoreMap
value
score
Property
key
value
Option
label
value
value-mimetype
* * *
*
*
*
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LOM metadata
ex:test1 a serif:AssessmentItem .
ex:test1 <http://schema.org/name> "Example exercise" .
ex:test1 lom:educationalDifficulty "easy" .
ex:test1 lom:educationalLanguage "fr" .
ex:test1 lom:classification _:b0 .
ex:test1 lom:classification _:b3 .
_:b0 lom:classificationPurpose "discipline" .
_:b0 lom:taxonPath _:b1 .
_:b1 lom:classificationTaxon _:b2 .
_:b2 lom:taxonEntry "French" .
_:b3 lom:classificationPurpose "educational objective" .
_:b3 lom:taxonPath _:b4 .
_:b4 lom:classificationTaxon _:b5 .
_:b5 lom:taxonEntry "Grammaire/Le pronom/Le pronom personnel" .
http://data.opendiscoveryspace.eu/lom_ontology_ods.owl
AssessmentItem
type
Identifier
title
metadata
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Support for multiple mimetypes
ItemBody
value
value-mimetype
infoControlIdentifier
InfoControl
type
identifier
value
value-mimetype
Item
type
identifier
infoControlIdentifier
Option
label
value
value-mimetype
*
{
"value": "$x=frac{1+y}{1+2z^2}$",
"value-mimetype": "application/x-tex"
},
{
"value": "<p>What do you see here? <img src="/dolphin.jpg"/></p>",
"value-mimetype": "text/html"
}
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Additional info
AssessmentItem
type
Identifier
title
metadata
ItemBody
value
value-mimetype
infoControlIdentifier
InfoControl
type
identifier
value
value-mimetype
Item
type
identifier
infoControlIdentifier
* * *
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Scoring
Item
type
identifier
infoControlIdentifier
ScoreMap
value
score
*
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Extensible Interaction types
Item
type
identifier
infoControlIdentifier
Property
key
value
Option
label
value
value-mimetype
*
*
Currently supported:
• ChoiceInteraction
Multiple choice
• TextEntryInteraction
Fill in the blank
• AssociateInteraction
Find connections
• OrderInteraction
Order multiple options
• AudioInteraction
The response is an audio clip
• VideoInteraction
The response is a video clip
• CanvasInteraction
The response is a digital drawing
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{ "@context": "http://edutab.test.iminds.be/specs/serif/context.jsonld",
"identifier": "http://www.example.com/test1",
"type": "AssessmentItem",
"title": "Example exercise",
"itemBody": {
"value": "<p>How much is two times five?<br
/>{{http://www.example.com/interaction1}}</p>",
"value-mimetype": "text/html"
},
"infoControl": [{
"type": "Hint", "identifier": "http://www.example.com/infocontrol1",
"value": "Two times a number is equal to 'number + number'"
}],
"item": [{
"type": "ChoiceInteraction",
"identifier": "http://www.example.com/interaction1",
"infoControlIdentifier": "http://www.example.com/infocontrol1",
"properties": [
{ "key": "maxChoices", "value": 1 },
{ "key": "shuffle", "value": false }
],
"scoreMap": [
{ "value": 10, "score": 1 }
],
"options": [
{ "label": "four", "value": 4 }, { "label": "seven", "value": 7
{ "label": "eight", "value": 8 }, { "label": "ten", "value": 10
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Use Case
SERIF
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Comparison
Format Coupled Content Type Interaction Integration Overhead
SCORM 1 ∞ - ++++
CC 1 ++ - ++++
QTI 1 ++ - +++
GIFT 1 + + +
AIKEN 1 + + +
Blackboard 1 + + +
SERIF ∞ ∞ +++ ++
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Learning Record Store
The E-Learning Ecosystem
Activities
Learning Management System Execution Environment
Server Client
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Learning Record Store
The Future E-Assessments Ecosystem
Activities
Server Client
Execution Environment
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http://edutab.test.iminds.be/specs/serif/
Our project
EduTablet
<insert proceedings>
Our partners:
Talk about SERIF, why we need it, how we made it, and what we can do with it.
Learning, practicing, needs exercises
A lot of exercises exist on the web (custom, MOOCs, etc.)
However, all in their own package, and the user needs to 1. find all platforms, and 2. practice inside that platform
First, guide you through current e-learning
Second, show you why there are improvements possible
Third, show you how we tackled those problems in SERIF, a Semantic ExeRcise Interchange Format
User interacts with a certain environment where the content is loaded (usually via web browser).
Content is learning resources learning object (theory) and assessments (practice)
LMS keeps content
LRS saves the actions of the user (e.g., started, completed, succeeded, etc)
LMS and LRS can be in one platform, but doesn’t need to be.
User requests content from LMS
User interacts with content.
This content has execution instruction inside it (because it can be so complex). Execution environment mostly reacts to triggers initiated by the content itself
e.g., when a user clicks on a video inside the content, it is the content’s responsibility to inform the exec env that a video was started
The exec env then catches these activities and sends them to the LRS
E.g.: moodle is LMS, has content saved in the SCORM format, sends to moodle front-end. Activities are logged using the tin can api, and sent to the SCORM backend
All results in pretty much locked in system
At least the top part. The bottom part is good
Reuse calculator!
So that was the SERIF story. The specifications are online so please let me know if you have any remarks or ideas.