Its is about a camera tube named iconoscope. The first camera tube.

2. “THE FIRST CAMERA TUBE”

3. RUBAB SHAFIQUE
BARIRA NASHAL
RIMSHA ARSHAD
WARDA SHADAB

4. INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
CONSTRUCTION
OPERATION
WORKING

5. • ICON means “image” and SCOPE means to “see”.
• Iconoscope is the first practical video camera tube to be
used in early television cameras.
• The Iconoscope was the leading camera tube used for broadcasting in the
United States from 1936 until 1946, when it was replaced by the image
orthicon tube.

6. • It projects an image on a special “charge storage" plate containing a mosaic
of electrically isolated separated from a common plate by a thin layer of
isolating material.
• It was :
Noisy
Had a high ratio of interference to signal
Ultimately gave disappointing results, especially when compared to the high
definition mechanical scanning systems then becoming available.

7. • In 1923-- Zworykin presented his project for a totally
electronic television system to the general manager of
Westinghouse.
• In 1925-- Zworykin submitted a patent application for
• a "Television System"
• In 1929-- he went to work for RCA as Director of Electronic Research at
its Camden, NJ, laboratory. He improved his television camera tube.
• 1931– Vladimir Zworykin patented the iconoscope.

8. • The iconoscope was presented to the general public at a press
conference in June 1933.
• THE CLASSIC PAPER Zworykin presented his paper titled “The
Iconoscope—A Modern Version of the Electric Eye”
• The Zworykin iconoscope was much more sensitive, useful with an
illumination on the target.
• It was also easier to manufacture and produced a very clear image.

10. MUSAIC :
• The base of the mosaic is a flat mica plate
which is used because of its high electrical
insulation, good surface and its uniform
thickness.
• One side of the plate is coated with a thin,
finely sifted coating of silver-oxide powder.

11. LENS :
• A conventional movie camera lens was placed in front
of the other end, focused on the plate.
ELECTRON GUN :
A long cylinder with three defining apertures with that of the cathode
serves to give the electrons their initial acceleration. This cylinder is
known as the first anode.
• A second cylinder, of somewhat greater diameter than the first anode
serves as a second anode which gives the electrons their final
velocity.

12. • The second anode generally is formed by applying a metal coating to
the neck of the iconoscope bulb.
• The electron gun was then placed below the lens, tilted and an
angle.
• The arrangement allows the system to
be compartmentalized in a box-shaped.

13. • The main image forming element in the
iconoscope was a mica plate with
photosensitive granules, separated by
insulating glue.
• The arrangement of back plat with mica cause to form
individual capacitors, able to store electrical charge.
• These were typically deposited as small spots, creating pixels. The
system as a whole was referred to as a "mosaic".

14. • The mosaic is mounted such that the electron
beam strikes the photosensitized side at an
angle of 30 degrees from the normal.
• Inside the Iconoscope, the image is projected on a mosaic
consisting of granules of photo-emissive material.
• Emission of photo-electrons from each granule in proportion to the
amount of light results in a charge image being formed on the
mosaic.

15. • Each granule, together with the conductive plate behind the
mosaic, forms a small capacitor, all of these having a common
plate.
• The capacitors are discharged in succession when the mosaic is
scanned by a high velocity electron beam from the electron gun,
and the resulting changes in potential at the metal plate constitute
the picture signal.

16. • The system is first charged up by
scanning the plate with an
Electron gun.
• This process deposits charges
into the granules.

17. • When exposed to light, the
photosensitive coating releases
electrons which are supplied by the
charge stored in the silver.
• The emission rate increases in
proportion to the intensity of the
light.

18. • Through this process, the plate
forms an electrical analog of the
visual image.
• When the electron beam scans
the plate again, any residual
charge in the granules resists
refilling by the beam.

19. • The beam energy is set so that
any charge resisted by the granules is
reflected back into the tube, where
it is collected by the collector ring.
• The collector ring is also used to
collect electrons being released
from the granules in the photoemission
process.

20. • There is also a clear visually differences between scenes shot
indoors and those shot outdoors in good lighting conditions.
• Noisy.
• Simple construction.
• Low quality image formation.
• Aging factor.

21. • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconoscope
• www.britannica.com/technology/iconoscope
• ethw.org/Iconoscope
• www.historyofinformation.com/expanded.php?id=694
• http://www.dictionary.com/browse/iconoscope