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Commercial Confidential
Technology Solutions

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Commercial ConfidentialCommercial Confidential
Ballard Power Systems
• Ballard is the global leader in clean energy proton exchange
membrane (“PEM”) fuel cell products and services … design,
manufacturing & deployment
o Telecom Backup Power  2,700+ systems … 11MW’s of power
o Material Handling  6,000 stacks … 100M hours of runtime
o Technology Solutions C$60‐100M contract with Volkswagen
o IP Licensing  power module assembly for buses in China
• 400 employees
o HQ in Vancouver, Canada
o Product Engineering in Vancouver, Bend, Oregon & Denmark
o Manufacturing in Vancouver & Mexico
Ballard HQ facility –
Vancouver, B.C., Canada
Key Customers

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Commercial ConfidentialCommercial Confidential
Corporate Transformation
2007
2009
2015
The future builds on commercial
and development stage markets
and Engineering services for a
wider range of industries and
partners, including automotive
Considerable fuel cell R & D effort
focused on automotive requirements
• Extensive development of PEM
fuel cell intellectual property (IP)
• Leading fundamental ‘know‐how’
acquired in key areas: fuel cell
stack operation; system
integration; as well as fuel
processing
Clean energy fuel cell products
enabling optimized power
products for a range of
commercial applications
• Shift of strategic focus to fuel
cell products for commercial
applications
• Corporate cost base re‐set
• Telecom Backup Power
• Material Handling
Development Stage Products
Power Products
Technology Solutions
• Engineering Services
• IP Licensing

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Commercial ConfidentialCommercial Confidential
Ballard Competitive Advantage
• Sustainable leadership position in
technology & product development
• Long history with automotive industry
o 4 major automotive development programs
o Supplier to more than 10 small automotive fleets
• Significant R&D work over past 15 years
o $1B+ investment in development
• Extensive patents portfolio and license rights to patents
owned by Daimler, Ford & IdaTech
• Strategic partnership with UTC enables joint exploration
of IP licensing & Technology Solutions opportunities
o UTC maintains ongoing commitment to fuel cells through the alliance and
receives a portion of licensing revenue

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Commercial ConfidentialCommercial Confidential
Business Overview
• Meet the power needs of
customers through delivery of
high value, clean energy
products that reduce
customer costs and risks
Power
Products
• Help customers solve difficult
technical and business
challenges in their fuel cell
and electrolyzer programs
Technology
Solutions
• Telecom Backup Power
• Material Handling
• Bus
• Distributed Generation
• Automotive
• Non‐automotive
o Aerospace
o Military
o Railway
Mandate Markets

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Commercial ConfidentialCommercial Confidential
Fuel Cell
Stacks
• 500W‐2kW
• Up to 8k hrs
• 2‐8kW
• Up to 30k hrs
• 4‐20kW
• Up to 12k hrs
• 100kW
• > 10k hrs
Fuel Cell
Modules
Complete
Fuel Cell
Systems
Ballard Fuel Cell Product Portfolio
• 75‐150kW
• Up to 20k hours
• Multi‐MW power
• 2kW & 5kW
• Direct
hydrogen
• Indoor (rack‐
mountable) &
outdoor use
• 2.5kW & 5kW
• Methanol fuelled
• Outdoor use
• 100 kW
• Up to 20k hours

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Commercial ConfidentialCommercial Confidential
Ballard Fuel Cell Products in the Field
Thousands of installed
telecom systems
+50 fuel cell buses
operating
Thousands of fork lift
trucks operating
+300 fuel cell cars
operating
Smarter Solutions for a Clean Energy Future Ballard Confidential Information 7

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Commercial ConfidentialCommercial Confidential
Experienced Automotive Fuel Cell Supplier
• Ballard has supplied >500 fuel cell products and 1,000s of engineering hours
providing Technology Solutions to 8 of the top automotive companies

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Commercial Confidential
Technology Solutions

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Commercial ConfidentialCommercial Confidential
Scope of Technology Solutions
Customized Engineering Services solutions offered for all stages of development:
Reference
Systems
Applications
Engineering
Predictive
Simulation &
Modeling
Fuel Cell
Testing
Services
and Test
Stations
Product
Development
Failure
Diagnosis and
Analysis
Prototype
Manufacturing
EARLY TECHNOLOGY EXPLORATION MATURE PROGRAMS
Licensing &
Technology
Transfer
ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT
• High‐value Engineering Services for accelerating fuel cell development programs
o Pathway for aligning fuel cell product development with Ballard’s technologies
o Problem solving through leveraging Ballard’s broad technical expertise
o Avenue for exploring Ballard’s extensive patent portfolio for licensing
• Driving long‐term product opportunities

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Early Technology Exploration
Reference Systems
Engineering and Integration

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Engineering Reference Systems
• Reference systems accelerate system integration and development
o Includes fuel cell engine with key BOP components
o Suitable for hybridization with capacitor and/or battery
Humidification
Coolant Flow and
Temperature Control
Hydrogen Recirculation
Air Supply
Controls
Stack

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Commercial ConfidentialCommercial Confidential
System Engineering and Integration
• Support systems development, stack
integration and operating assessments
o Supported OEMs to develop over 50 different FC products
• Guidance for product selection and system
design through remote and on‐site support
• Evaluating tradeoffs at stack/system‐level
• Troubleshooting during design process
• Material and component selection & sourcing
• Codes, standards & certification
• Evaluating tradeoffs at stack/system‐level
• Troubleshooting during design process
• Material and component selection & sourcing
• Codes, standards & certification
Applications, service and systems engineers with expertise
in:

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Commercial ConfidentialCommercial Confidential
Advanced Development
Product Development
Fuel Cell Testing Services
Test Stations

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Commercial ConfidentialCommercial Confidential
Product Development
Bi‐polar
plate design
CCM Development
Fluid & Thermal Models
• Product design & research of components,
fuel cell stacks and complete systems
• Ability to combine membrane, catalyst and
ionomers from various suppliers
o Work with existing supply chain to bring the right materials
together from multiple suppliers
• Stack and system modeling & design
• Component design & prototyping services
• Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) design & manufacturing
• Catalyst coated membrane (CCM) design & manufacturing
• Single electrode design & manufacturing
• Design for manufacturing
• Stack and system modeling & design
• Component design & prototyping services
• Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) design & manufacturing
• Catalyst coated membrane (CCM) design & manufacturing
• Single electrode design & manufacturing
• Design for manufacturing
Services for fuel cell product development

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Commercial ConfidentialCommercial Confidential
Fuel Cell Stack Development
• > 10 application‐specific stack designs
• Stack development experience for a
range of applications:
o Several watts to multi‐MW
o Stationary and Motive applications
o Pure hydrogen and reformate fuel stacks
• Testing and design experience from existing platforms
• Models for design optimizations – performance, fluid,
thermal, structural, durability
• Ex‐situ testing techniques for characterization
• Integrate prototype or product‐ready components
• Design for manufacturing
• Testing and design experience from existing platforms
• Models for design optimizations – performance, fluid,
thermal, structural, durability
• Ex‐situ testing techniques for characterization
• Integrate prototype or product‐ready components
• Design for manufacturing
Delivering custom stack solutions

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Control System Development
• Experience with controls development
o System products have integrated controls
• Off‐the‐shelf embedded controller
• Custom board design
o Software development completed internally
• Test station controls and data acquisition are
done in‐house
o LabView‐based control software
• Interface to other systems and controllers, including CAN‐
bus, serial
• Process tuning & optimization
• Control algorithm specification and implementation
• Stationary and motive applications
• Interface to other systems and controllers, including CAN‐
bus, serial
• Process tuning & optimization
• Control algorithm specification and implementation
• Stationary and motive applications
Systems and controls engineers have expertise in:

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Fuel Cell Testing
• State‐of‐the‐art fuel cell testing facility
o Collect 400,000+ hours annually
o 24/7 operation, simulate real duty cycles
o Test station capacity < 100 W to 333 kW
• 60+ automated test stations and specialized
test tools
o Environmental: 10 temperature and humidity chambers
o Stack diagnostics: Current mapping, reference electrodes, water
management, freeze protocols, SEM
o Accelerated stress tests (AST): Membrane durability, cell reversal
tolerance, voltage cycling, start‐up/shutdown, ice tolerance
Current Map
Test Facility• Component‐, stack‐ and system‐level testing
• Standard and accelerated testing methods
• Custom diagnostic tests
• Component‐, stack‐ and system‐level testing
• Standard and accelerated testing methods
• Custom diagnostic tests
Develop and execute custom testing programs

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Commercial ConfidentialCommercial Confidential
Test Stations and Customer Facilities
• Expertise in facilities and test equipment
design and supply
o Clean rooms, test labs, production facilities
o Standard and custom testing equipment
• Equipment and services are supplied to
customers such as VW, AFCC, Daimler
Ballard Test Stand with Cold Chamber
Ballard Clean Room
Clean Room Humidity Control
• Test stations from multiple watts to megawatts
• Automated testing features – dynamic drive cycling,
custom performance/durability test protocols
• Test stations from multiple watts to megawatts
• Automated testing features – dynamic drive cycling,
custom performance/durability test protocols
Custom test stations
• Hydrogen infrastructure and safety
• Lab and test facility layout and design
• Fuel cell system assembly and plant layout
• Hydrogen infrastructure and safety
• Lab and test facility layout and design
• Fuel cell system assembly and plant layout
Facility consultation services

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Mature Programs
Prototype Manufacturing
Licensing

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State‐of‐the‐Art Manufacturing
• High volume manufacturing and prototyping equipment
o Robotics, liquid injection molding and roll‐to‐roll processing
o Proven yields in excess of 99%
o SPC run charts Full traceability on raw materials
• For key customers Ballard offers custom development, including:
o Framed, sealed or unframed MEAs
o CCM (various configurations and applications)
o Reference electrodes
o Engineering support and failure analysis for integration
• Develop custom components to customer specifications or provide off‐
the‐shelf components
o Leverage Ballard or customer component technology
o Collaborate on component development and bring advanced technology to the table
o Ability to combine various membrane, catalyst and ionomers
Framed MEA & plate
Catalyst Layer Coating
Stack Assembly
MEA Assembly
•Membrane coating
•Catalyst ink mixing & composition to meet specifications
•MEA framing and liquid injection sealing
•Plate sealing
•Membrane coating
•Catalyst ink mixing & composition to meet specifications
•MEA framing and liquid injection sealing
•Plate sealing
Internal fabrication of custom components

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590
246
132
160
196
95 106
175
Fuel Cell
System
Fuel
Reforming
Balance of
Plant
Fuel Cell
Stack
Plates Electrodes MEA &
Sealing
Catalyst &
Membrane
Patent Portfolio & Know‐How
Key technology advancements
• Unique system control strategies for
start/stop and voltage clipping
• Continuous innovations related to
flow field plate with flow guide
• Component technologies enabling
low RH, low catalyst loaded MEAs
• Advanced sealing designs for
extended lifetime operation
• ‘Freeze’ technology, enabling rapid
start‐up at low temperature
• Unique water management,
eliminates need for humidifiers and
enables 5,000+ operational hours
• Ballard’s IP portfolio consists of ~200 patents/applications with access to ~1,500
patents/applications
o System, stack, and component‐level design
o Membrane, electrode, catalyst and materials
o System and stack operation and control
Trade secrets and know‐how are
centered on predictive design methods,
accelerated test methods, CCM and
MEA manufacturing processes
SYSTEM STACK COMPONENTS & MATERIALS
Ballard Patents and Accessible Patent Portfolio

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Summary
• Ballard has a long history of leadership in fuel cell stack
development and supply
• Technology Solutions offers a cooperative model to partners
for accelerating fuel cell development programs and builds the
foundation for long term partnerships
• Component prototyping and high volume production leverage
existing manufacturing infrastructure
• Our technology development activities position us well to work
with partners to jointly develop products for all applications