Open access is about access and re-use, but it is also about being able to contribute and participate in global conversations - developing region concerns
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Presentation in Session 2: The role of repositories Workshop “Unlocking the future: Open Access communication in a global research environment” Global Research Council (GRC) - Research Councils UK (RCUK) London, The British Library, 1-2 April 2015
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Open access is about access and re-use, but it is also about being able to contribute and participate in global conversations - developing region concerns
- 1. d Open access is about access and re-use, but it is also about being able to contribute and participate in global conversations - developing region concerns Dominique Babini, CLACSO @dominiquebabini Session 2: The role of repositories Workshop “Unlocking the future: Open Access communication in a global research environment” Global Research Council (GRC) - Research Councils UK (RCUK) London, British Library, 1-2 April 2015
- 2. In this presentation – A developing region strategy for OA – Risks for developing regions: OA being integrated into commercial publishing – Role of repositories in shaping the future of OA 1. repositories as publishing platforms 2. repositories as source of indicators for research evaluation 3. repositories as facilitators for research cooperation and open science
- 3. The scientific record should be free of financial barriers for any researcher to contribute to. (ICSU goals for OA, 2014) …undue publication barriers must be avoided… …..minimize any barriers to international research collaboration…. (GRC Action Plan OA, 2013) These visions about open access
- 4. have a different strategic approach in a developing region Latin America and the Caribbean Consultation on Open Access to Scientific Information, sponsored by UNESCO, 23 countries represented, Kingston, 2013 -, recommended • Gold and Green routes are suitable form of OA for the region – For Green routes, inclusive and cooperative OA solutions should be promoted to avoid new enclosures – the Gold OA route in the region should continue its present emphasis on sharing costs. http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MU LTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/news/report_open _access_en.pdf
- 5. Examples of scholarly community led OA journal portals in developing regions • SciELO and Redalyc in Latin America (1.300 OA peer- review journals with no APC´s) • SciELO South Africa (49 OA journals) • Africa Journals Online-AJOL (188 OA journals) • JOLs/INASP (314 OA journals): Bangladesh, Mongolia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Vietnam, Nicaragua, Honduras + journals from developing regions with no APC´s (DOAJ)
- 6. universities are taking charge of journal publishing in OA platforms e.g.: Latin America universities with more than 100 journals each, in OJS platforms, with no APC´s revistas.unam.mx UNAM, México Univ. Sao Paulo, Brazil http://www.revistas.usp.br Univ. Chile http://www.revistas.uchile.cl/
- 7. OA managed by the scholarly community sharing costs, with no APC´s now faces trends of open access being integrated into commercial publishing
- 8. No relation of APC´s with research funds/research salaries in developing regions Average APCs USD 2.097/2.727 per article, for article processing charges (APCs) by “subscription publishers” USD 1.418 average per article by “non-subscription publishers” Source: Björk B-C, Solomon D.(2014). Developing an effective market for open access article processing charges. http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/About-us/Policy/Spotlight- issues/Open-access/Guides/WTP054773.htm No funds for APC´s - grants with no funds for APC - no relation of APC´s with salaries e.g.: senior monthly salaries – Indian Council of Agricultural Research USD 1,500 – Argentine university ecology researcher USD 1,200 – Sudan university epidemiology researcher USD 350 – Ukraine university full professor USD 1.138
- 9. role of repositories in shaping the future of OA: a developing region perspective 1. repositories as publishing platforms 2. repositories as source of indicators for research evaluation 3. repositories as facilitators for research cooperation and open science
- 10. role of repositories in shaping the future of OA: a developing region perspective 1. repositories as publishing platforms 2. repositories as source of indicators for research evaluation 3. repositories as facilitators for research cooperation and open science
- 11. 1. repositories as publishing platforms: diversity of outputs, local and international interest • managing and rewarding peer-review of non- peer-reviewed contents in repositories • metadata describing the evaluation process and the quality levels of contents • integrate journal publishing in repositories • support for infrastructure (individual/shared), training, advocacy, interoperability, policies
- 12. 1. repositories as publishing platforms: advances in OA policies requiring repositories for gov- funded research, the case of Latin America • AO national legislation approved by Congress in – Peru (2013) – Argentina (2013) – Mexico (2014) • OA legislation proposal in Congress – Brazil (since 2007) – Venezuela (2014) Challenge: implementation strategies and funding
- 13. 1. repositories as publishing platforms: cooperation needed from publishers in support of developing regions For articles with authors/co-authors from developing regions institutions • automatic “export” of released articles after embargo period, to: • Recipient repositories: – national S&T repositories if available – or author´s institutional repository if available
- 14. role of repositories in shaping the future of OA: a developing region perspective 1. repositories as publishing platforms 2. repositories as source of indicators for research evaluation 3. repositories as facilitators for research cooperation and open science
- 15. 2. repositories as source of indicators for research evaluation • agreements on OA indicators for evaluation • indicators on quality and relevance of individual research outputs (research report, datasets, journal articles, books/book chapter/conference papers,…) • training evaluators • review the reward and peer-review systems
- 16. role of repositories in shaping the future of OA: a developing region perspective 1. repositories as publishing platforms 2. repositories as source of indicators for research evaluation 3. repositories as facilitators for research cooperation and open science
- 17. 3. repositories as facilitators of open, collaborative, and distributed research and publishing platforms where “publication” is continuous with new collaborative writing, reviewing and publishing practices • diversity of research and scholarly outputs and formats, with metadata identifiyng – levels of quality – peer-review processes – licences for reuse • interoperability: support national, regional, international initiatives
- 18. Need: international debate and consensus 1. repositories as publishing platforms 2. repositories as source of indicators for research evaluation 3. repositories as facilitators for research cooperation and open science
- 19. Examples of international support needed • Report on research and scholarly community perceptions of future directions in research communications and the repositories role (COAR- SPARC) • Next generation repositories project (COAR) • Interoperability of repositories – Institutional/national/regional repositories – Subject repositories – Journal repositories
- 20. Dominique Babini – CLACSO, Open Access Program University of Buenos Aires/IIGG – Open Access research @dominiquebabini dasbabini@gmail.com Thank you!!!!
Editor's Notes
- For a moment we go to Latin America. Our observations are based on our experience of 15 years with both, OA journals and repositories. When thinking about the future of global OA, we need that those local and regional research outputs, many times related to local and regional research agendas, also be part of the global conversations.
- I will share some information about the current policy and practice of OA in Latin America, a region where research and scholarly communications costs are mainly government-funded. We are concerned with the “pay to publish” model, and I will share a few challenges for repositories to be a main component of the global research communication ecosystem: as publishing platforms, as providers of indicators for evaluation and as facilitators of open research.
- We share the visions of ICSU and of the Global Research Council about the importance of minimizing the barriers for contribution and research collaboration. One of the key findings in the Review of Implementation of the Global Research Council Open Access Action Plan, is the need to maximize the progress and benefits of open access, and to minimize any barriers to international research collaboration These visions have diverse implementation strategies
- In Latin America research is mainly gov-funded, open access journals and repositories coexist very well, in both cases managed by the scholarly community and with costs covered with government support. Repositories are developed as the preferred option for implementing national open access policies. Concerning journals, in our region there is widespread adoption of OA, estimated at 85%, in all cases journals are published by universities and other research organisations, with no tradition of APC´s , with no outsourcing to commercial publishers. To increase visibility, access and quality of these journals in digital format and open access, several scholarly led initiatives were developed in Latin America and also in other developing regions.
- These are examples of journal platforms, managed with public funds and international cooperation, these platforms offer to academic and research journals a way to provide OA to their journals, improving visibility and access, and provide indexing services and starting with OA indicators. A main contribution of these platforms has been to improve quality of journals, because they only accept journals that comply with international quality standards, and it is slowly starting to have an impact on research evaluation.
- We also see a growing number of universities using the Open Journal Systems free software, to manage the transition of the editorial process from print to digital and open access, working to improve quality and internationalization of the journals, here we see examples from main research univ. LA, each with its own journal collection.
- These collaborative cost-sharing developments in Latin America now are faced with a new reality, APC´s brings new business opportunities in the world and we have to be aware of unintended consequences. Who is being included and who is being excluded from this model of “pay to publish”.
- We are concerned for unprivileged countries/institutions/researchers. international APC´s, even with discounts, have no relation with the average salaries and research grants in developing countries. We anticipate a new enclosure, this time from within OA. On the side of repositories
- I wish to address three challenges for our discussion about the role of repositories in shaping the future of OA,
- In an open research environment, where publishing and sharing is a continuous process, how are we going to manage and reward the peer-review process of contents other than journal articles? How will that process of peer-review be described in the metadata?. And we need to reorganize and redirect funding to implement OA policies that require repositories
- Because in our case, as in other countries, OA national legislation being approved requires OA repositories for publicly-funded research
- And could INASP, EIFL, UNESCO, the Global Research Council and other agencies help build an agreement with publishers so that developing regions authored and co-authored articles are exported once embargoes are over? Because individual and inst negotiations are very difficult
- We also need repositories to provide indicators because when research output is evaluated in developing regions a considerable part of research produced in those regions is made invisible because it is not published in the set of journals considered by WoS + IF, we need to complement with new indicators reflecting new realities.
- It would help if international consensus is built on which OA indicators can be used to complement the traditional indicators. Moving from evaluation based on the journal where we publish, to evaluation based on the quality of individual contributions, and its relevance and impact. As the DORA declaration recommends. Evaluators need to be trained and rewarded for dedicating time to evaluation. Here is an example of a book recently published together with Unesco, PKP, Scielo and Redalyc. In several countries of our region, Scielo indicators are used complementing traditional WoS indicators
- And finally the challenge for repositories to facilitate open and collaborative research
- We are used working in repositories with the final products (journal article, book chapter, final research report) but our repositories are now challenged by new formats resulting from continuous publishing during the collaborative research process, with diversity of digital outputs, that require metadata to identify levels of quality, reuse licences, and other metadata not present today in the majority of our repositories.
- These 3 roles can be encouraged by funding and research organisations to support OA as a global cost-sharing network of scholarly led repositories and publishing platforms, and on top of this “free to read-free to publish” OA repositories and publishing platforms, payed value-added services can be offered by profit and non-profit service providers
- We have received reports on publishers perceptions of future directions scholarly communications. We need to have a similar update international report on the research and scholarly community perceptions of future directions in research communications and the role of repositories, a challenge that could be coordinated by COAR and SPARC. There is a growing number of international research programs with participation of researchers from many countries, eg: climate change, epidemics, sustainable development, future earth. It is the ideal context to experiment next generation repositories, a global challenge from COAR that needs support, as well as their program for repositories interoperability. Interesting times