1.
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2.
APA WRITING STYLE

3.
Basic APA guidelines
 When using direct quotations, include the
author, year, and page number preceded by p.
Ex. Whe Gephardt stepped aside i late 2002,
Pelosi campaigned hard and won the post of
i ority leader (Marcovitz, 2009, p. 9).
In-text citations

4.
 Place direct quotations longer than 40
words in a free-standing block of typewritten
lines and omit quotation marks. Start the
quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from
the left margin.
Using direct quotations

5.
Darke (2010) wrote that:
Young Syrians are remarkably Westernised, both in
their dress and in their openness. Most are very
technologically aware, have the latest mobile
phones, digital cameras and are avid users of the
increasing numbers of internet cafes. This is a trend
encouraged by President Bashar Al-Assad, who has
himself been head for many years of the Syrian
Computer Society. (p. 18)
Using direct quotations

6.
Basic APA guidelines
 When citing author/s, follow this
parenthetical citation.
For one author: (Author, year)
For two authors: (Author 1 & Author 2, year)
For three to five authors: (Author 1, Author 2,
Author 3, Author 4, & Author 5, year)
Parenthetical citation of authors

7.
 Single Author
Last name first, followed by author initials.
Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social
development. Current Directions in Psychological
Science, 11, 7-10.
Listing references

8.
 Two Authors
List by their last names and initials. Use the
ampersand instead of "and."
Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Mood
management across affective states: The
hedonic contingency hypothesis. Journal of
Personality & Social Psychology, 66, 1034-1048
Listing references

9.
Article in Journal Paginated by Volume
Journals that are paginated by volume begin with
page one in issue one, and continue numbering
issue two where issue one ended, etc.
Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing
psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative
and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.
Listing references

10.
Article in Journal Paginated by Issue
Journals paginated by issue begin with page one
every issue; therefore, the issue number gets
indicated in parentheses after the volume. The
parentheses and issue number are not italicized
or underlined.
Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The
New Criterion, 15(30), 5-13.
Listing references

11.
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