HEV 's Technology

1. Hybrid Electric
/Vehicles Fuel cells
Technology
Armin Maghami BEng (Hons) MIET 1

2. ( ’ )What are Hybrid Electric Vehicles HEV s
( ’ )and Electric Vehicles EV s ?
Any vehicle that uses more than one prime mover is called a HYBRID Vehicle.
2

3. 3
Why does society needs/ demands hybrid andWhy does society needs/ demands hybrid and
electric vehicles?electric vehicles?
Current status of HEV’s.Current status of HEV’s.
The general structure and functionality of HEV’s.The general structure and functionality of HEV’s.
New developments and future technology ofNew developments and future technology of
HEV’s.HEV’s.
Maximizing the system efficiency of these vehicles.Maximizing the system efficiency of these vehicles.
Outlines Project

4. What has been done for this project ?
4
• Gant chart
• Logbook.

5. Why Hybrids ?
30% of UK CO2 emissions30% of UK CO2 emissions
Not sustainable for the next 50 yearsNot sustainable for the next 50 years
Consumers can have a positive impactConsumers can have a positive impact
on the environmenton the environment
Environmental Concerns.Environmental Concerns.
Benefit from it economically.Benefit from it economically.
5

6. Comparing various types of EV
6
• HEV’s and Plug in
Hybrids stand out.
• Technological maturity.
• Demanded drive range.
• PHEV has lower
emission than HEV’s.
Source: ( IEEE Journal, HEV’s State of Art, C.Chan, 2002)

7. 7
ESS – alternatives to Lithium Ion/maximizing theESS – alternatives to Lithium Ion/maximizing the
lithium Ion currently in use.lithium Ion currently in use.
Designing of more Efficient power train.Designing of more Efficient power train.
Drive systems.Drive systems.
Systems voltage.Systems voltage.

8. Drive train Structures of the Hybrid Design
8
SeriesSeries
This is called a series hybrid systemThis is called a series hybrid system
because the power flows to the wheels inbecause the power flows to the wheels in
series. A series hybrid system can run aseries. A series hybrid system can run a
small-output engine in the efficientsmall-output engine in the efficient
operating region relatively steadily,operating region relatively steadily,
generate and supply electricity to thegenerate and supply electricity to the
electric motor and efficiently charge theelectric motor and efficiently charge the
battery. This system is being used in thebattery. This system is being used in the
Coaster Hybrid.Coaster Hybrid.
ParallelParallel
In a parallel hybrid system, both theIn a parallel hybrid system, both the
engine and the electric motor drive theengine and the electric motor drive the
wheels, and the drive power from thesewheels, and the drive power from these
two sources can be utilized according totwo sources can be utilized according to
the prevailing conditions. This is called athe prevailing conditions. This is called a
parallel hybrid system because the powerparallel hybrid system because the power
flows to the wheels in parallel.flows to the wheels in parallel.
Source http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/tech/environment/ths2/what.htmlSource http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/tech/environment/ths2/what.html

9. Drive train Structures of HEV’s
9

10. Drive systems
10
Constant
power
range
Power
rating
(kW)
Converter
rating
(KVA)
Max.Speed
(rpm)
Rated
speed
(rpm)
Power
factor
IM 1:5 65 79 8750 1750 0.82
BLDC 1:2.25 86 92 9000 4000 0.93
SRM 1:3 68 113 20000 4000 0.6
Drive systems IM BLDC SRM
Characteristics
Power density 3.5 5 3.5
Efficiency 3.5 5 3
Controllability 5 4 5
Reliability 5 4 5
Maturity
(technological)
5 4 4
Cost 5 3 4
Total 27 25 23
• IM drive system: As their
advantages in terms of their
size, controllability, reliability
and maturity makes them the
most preferable and suitable
choice for hybrid and electric
vehicles

11. Energy storage devices
• Lithium IoN. High energy density, High energy efficiency of 95%, High peak
power of 200-300 V/Kg.
• Hybrid Energy Storage Systems, Lithium Ion/ Ultra Capacitors.
11

12. Systems Voltage
• Higher voltage = improved Efficiency.
• DC-DC Boost converters.
• System voltage of 650v: This voltage, will increase the total efficiency by
reducing the number battery cells and electrical losses. As the battery’s size
reduces as the result of DC boost converters that increase the nominal
voltage of the battery. Therefore the overall efficiency of the vehicle increases
in terms of size, weight and cost of the vehicle also reduces due to reduction
of unnecessary components.
12

13. ..Next 5 Years
13
• Plug in hybrids with Lithium Ion Batteries / Ultra Capacitors
• Fuel Cell vehicles.
Source : ( IEA ,2010)

14. Conclusion
• PHEV’s and FCV are the most beneficial technologies.
• Further development of batteries and infrastructure of hydrogen and charging
stations are required.
• PHEV’s are more likely the best option for the UK market. fuel efficiency,
reasonable costs and the demanded drive range.
• hybridization of Lithium-Ion batteries with UC’s can have an enormous impact
on increasing the system efficiency EV’s and HEV’s.
14

15. 15