1. Group Dynamics

2. In addition to Groups, types of groups, stages of
group development, group dynamics also include
pitfalls of groups, determinants of group
behaviour, group structuring, Group cohesiveness
and group decision making

3. Determinants
of Group
Behaviour
Organizational
strategy
Authority
structures
Organizational
resources
Procurement
of personnel
Performance
appraisal and
Reward
system
Organizational
culture
Physical work
setting

4. Groups are organized systems, which have a structure that
shapes the behaviour of members and influences the
performance of the group itself
Group
Structure
Leadership
Roles of
group
members
Group size
Group norms
Group Tasks
Group
Cohesiveness
Group
Decision
Making

5. Leadership
The leader of the group is the principal representative
of the group who exerts formal influence on group
activities
• Aids the group in directing its activities towards goal
accomplishment
• Embodies the values of the group
• Representing group and their view points when
interacting with management or other groups
• Initiates group actions and assists in resolving group
conflicts

6. Role of group members
Task
Oriented
Roles
Relations
or Self
Oriented
Roles of
Group
Members
An individual who helps the group to reach its goal will play
task oriented role and an employee who is supportive plays
relations oriented role or socio emotional role

7. Sub roles
The above roles are expected roles, which a group
member is expected to play.
The perceived role, is concerned with behaviours in
the group that an individual believes he or she
should be doing.
The enacted role is the way an individual actually
behaves.

8. Role relationships

9. Group size
Size of the group has implications on problem solving,
resource consumption and utilization, communication,
member satisfaction and character of group membership.
Less than 5 members
results in
• Fewer people to share task
responsibilities
• More personal discussions
• More complete participation
More than 5 members
results in
• Fewer opportunities to
participate
• More members inhibitions
• Domination by aggressive
members
• Tendency to split in to sub groups

10. Group Norms
These are a set of beliefs, feelings and attitudes commonly
shared by group members
Group norms have certain characteristics:
• Group behaviour is the focal point of attention
• Process of managing the group is facilitated by the group members
• There is usually an accepted set of rewards and punishment
associated with compliance and non-compliance with certain norms.

11. Group
Tasks
Timeframe
Task
requirements
Task
objectives

12. Group Cohesiveness
Cohesiveness is the extent to which the members are
attracted to each other
Sources of
Cohesiveness
Interaction
Threat
Cooperation
Shared
goals
Attitudes &
Values

13. Group decision making
Group decision making is more difficult than individual decision making since
there are number of people involved in the process
Expert
member
soliciting
Consultative
decision
making
Minority
control
Majority
control
Consensus
Autocratic
decision
making

14. Advantages of group decision making
• Group decision making results in more
alternatives
• It commits all members to the decisions made
• Develops decision making skills by involving all
the group members in the process
• Results in empowerment of members

15. Problems of group decision making
• Collective compliance of members may align with
those who are strong
• Social loafing
• Less focus on opportunistic thinking
• Since group members share responsibilities they are
also made liable to accept risks associated with the
decisions

16. Pitfalls of Groups
Pitfalls of
Groups
Status
differentials
Group
norms
Risky &
caution
shifts
Polarisation
Group
think &
mind
guarding