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Issues in Kinship Care :
 assessment and support in
  Dutch kinship foster care
Flexus Foster Care Rotterdam
               Anneke Vinke, PhD
 Child Psychologist/ General Health Psychologist
             www.adoptiepraktijk.nl

                                             2008 Oxford
Outline


• Perspectives
  – Context of Dutch foster care
  – Flexus
• Practice issues
  – Training: questions and needs
• Future developments
Context: Dutch Foster Care

28 Foster Care Facilities
Local organization (15 regions)
2007: 20591 children in DutchFoster
  Care,of whom > 33 % in kinship care

 City regions up to 80% in kinship care
Youth care System in the Netherlands

Centre for Youth and Family (local)
Bureau of Youth Care (province)
    Youth Care (voluntary)
    Mental Health
    Child Protection (involuntary)  judge
Private Practice
Routing formal Youth Care
Flexus Foster care

Rotterdam Region
Multicultural society
Up to 80% kinship care placements
Different procedure for acceptance
Need for strengthening assessment
 and support in kinship care
Training and development (2006
 ongoing)
Perspectives: conflicts of interest?

Family perspective  child perspective?

Short term solution  long term solution

Freedom of choice  responsibility for
                         child safety and
                         well being
Foster care facility  family
Statistics and research findings

Is there a difference between kinship
  and regular foster care ?                  (Strijker, Zandberg &vd Meulen,
 2001; Broad, 2001; Calder & Talbot, 2005)




Defining the children’s needs in
 regard to fostering
Practice issues

• Routes into kinship care
• Double parenthood & contact issues
• Formal requirements & practical
  pitfalls
• Timing
• Knowledge & skills
• Transparency
Bring in the theory: evidence base!

• Child development theory
• Decision making framework
• Parenting capacities
• Risk and protective factors
• Risk assessment

 Transparency
Honour good practices: practice base!

Evaluate good practices
Make implicite practical knowledge
  explicit
Raise awareness (e.g personal reference
  points)
Find anchor point in existing
  procedures to improve practice
Professional intuition:human factor!
(Munro,2002)


• Formal knowledge: Evidence Base
• Work experience : Practice Base
• Emotional wisdom
• Values: Value Base
• Reasoning skills

 Human elements need to be
 honoured
Framework   (DoH, 2000)
Adapted for kinship care (Calder & Talbot, 2006)
Assessment: what do children need
from their foster care workers?
• Sound theoretical basis -> tools
• Decision making framework
• Honouring the human element
• Transparent choices
• Ongoing training and supervision
• Monitoring by research
Risk issues: good enough?

Which risks weighs most?
What needs to be done to counter the risks?
Which risks can be changed in due time?
Which strengths can be used to counter the risks?
Need for systematic risk evaluation (checklist,
instrument)
Risk evaluation:an example   (Turnell & Edwards, 1999)
‘Child protection work makes heavy
  demands on reasoning skills. With an
  issue as important as children’s
  welfare, it is vital to have the best
  standard of thinking that is humanly
  possible. Mistakes are costly to the
  child and the family. Overestimating
  the danger is as harmful as
  underestimating it’ Munro (2002, p. 161)
Training

• Adressing the knowledge, skills and
  personal base of foster care work
• Introducing tools (SoS, decision
  threshold, intuitive reasoning, risk
  assessment instruments)
• Education permanente (1 - 2 * each
  year)
Evaluation by Flexus workers (n=40)

Training and tools were evaluated
  positively
Increased sense of professionalism
Increased transparency in decision
  making
Future directions

Monitoring and feedback

Need for more training on
- Cultural sensitivity
- Good enough parenting
- Risk evaluation instruments

New training planned (fall 2008)
References
Meer lezen....
• Berge, I.J. ten & Bakker, A. (2005). Veilig Thuis? Utrecht: NIZW
• Berge, I.J. ten, & Vinke, A. (2006 – in press). Methodiek en
  hulpmiddelen ORBA, Onderzoek Risicotaxatie Besluitvorming AMK’s.
  Utrecht/Woerden: NIZW/Adviesbureau Van Montfoort.
• Broad, B. (2006). Some advantages and disadvantages of kinship
  care: a view from research. In : C. Talbot & M.C. Calder. Assessment
  in Kinship Care. Dorset: Russell House Publishing.
• Dalgleish, L.I. (1997). Risk assessment and decision making in child
  protection. Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensland,
  Department of Psychology.
• Munro, E. (2002). Effective child protection. London: Sage.
• Pas, A. van der (2006, 4e dr.). Naar een psychologie van het
  ouderschap. Handboek methodische ouderbegeleiding, deel 2.
  Utrecht: SWP
References
•   Turnell A., & Edwards, S. (1999). Signs of Safety. A solution and safety
    oriented approach to child protection casework. New York/London: W.W.
    Norton.
•   Talbot, C. &. Calder (2006). Assessment in Kinship Care. Dorset: Russell
    House Publishing.
•   Talbot, C. (2006). Kinship Care: the Research Evidence. In : C. Talbot & M.C.
    Calder. Assessment in Kinship Care. Dorset: Russell House Publishing.
•   Vinke, J.G. (1999). Geschikt voor het adoptiefouderschap? De ontwikkeling en
    het gebruik van een taxatie-instrument voor gezinsfunctioneren met het oog
    op interlandelijke adoptie. Delft: Eburon.
•   Vinke, J.G. & Mortel, M. vd. (2003) Methodisch bronnenboek
    Netwerkverkenning. Utrecht/ Woerden: VvP de Rading / Adviesbureau Van
    Montfoort.
•   Vinke J.G. (2004). Methodisch bronnenboek Van Huis Naar Thuis -
    hulpverleningsvariant pleegzorg. Utrecht/ Woerden: VvP de Rading /
    Adviesbureau Van Montfoort.
•   Scripties via: http://ppswmm.ppsw.rug.nl/~strijker/
Acknowledgments

Flexus Foster Care Rotterdam




Leiden University ADOC
www.adoptionresearch.nl

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Oxford Kinship care

  • 1. Issues in Kinship Care : assessment and support in Dutch kinship foster care Flexus Foster Care Rotterdam Anneke Vinke, PhD Child Psychologist/ General Health Psychologist www.adoptiepraktijk.nl 2008 Oxford
  • 2. Outline • Perspectives – Context of Dutch foster care – Flexus • Practice issues – Training: questions and needs • Future developments
  • 3. Context: Dutch Foster Care 28 Foster Care Facilities Local organization (15 regions) 2007: 20591 children in DutchFoster Care,of whom > 33 % in kinship care  City regions up to 80% in kinship care
  • 4. Youth care System in the Netherlands Centre for Youth and Family (local) Bureau of Youth Care (province) Youth Care (voluntary) Mental Health Child Protection (involuntary)  judge Private Practice
  • 6. Flexus Foster care Rotterdam Region Multicultural society Up to 80% kinship care placements Different procedure for acceptance Need for strengthening assessment and support in kinship care Training and development (2006 ongoing)
  • 7. Perspectives: conflicts of interest? Family perspective  child perspective? Short term solution  long term solution Freedom of choice  responsibility for child safety and well being Foster care facility  family
  • 8. Statistics and research findings Is there a difference between kinship and regular foster care ? (Strijker, Zandberg &vd Meulen, 2001; Broad, 2001; Calder & Talbot, 2005) Defining the children’s needs in regard to fostering
  • 9. Practice issues • Routes into kinship care • Double parenthood & contact issues • Formal requirements & practical pitfalls • Timing • Knowledge & skills • Transparency
  • 10. Bring in the theory: evidence base! • Child development theory • Decision making framework • Parenting capacities • Risk and protective factors • Risk assessment  Transparency
  • 11. Honour good practices: practice base! Evaluate good practices Make implicite practical knowledge explicit Raise awareness (e.g personal reference points) Find anchor point in existing procedures to improve practice
  • 12. Professional intuition:human factor! (Munro,2002) • Formal knowledge: Evidence Base • Work experience : Practice Base • Emotional wisdom • Values: Value Base • Reasoning skills  Human elements need to be honoured
  • 13. Framework (DoH, 2000)
  • 14. Adapted for kinship care (Calder & Talbot, 2006)
  • 15. Assessment: what do children need from their foster care workers? • Sound theoretical basis -> tools • Decision making framework • Honouring the human element • Transparent choices • Ongoing training and supervision • Monitoring by research
  • 16. Risk issues: good enough? Which risks weighs most? What needs to be done to counter the risks? Which risks can be changed in due time? Which strengths can be used to counter the risks? Need for systematic risk evaluation (checklist, instrument)
  • 17. Risk evaluation:an example (Turnell & Edwards, 1999)
  • 18. ‘Child protection work makes heavy demands on reasoning skills. With an issue as important as children’s welfare, it is vital to have the best standard of thinking that is humanly possible. Mistakes are costly to the child and the family. Overestimating the danger is as harmful as underestimating it’ Munro (2002, p. 161)
  • 19. Training • Adressing the knowledge, skills and personal base of foster care work • Introducing tools (SoS, decision threshold, intuitive reasoning, risk assessment instruments) • Education permanente (1 - 2 * each year)
  • 20. Evaluation by Flexus workers (n=40) Training and tools were evaluated positively Increased sense of professionalism Increased transparency in decision making
  • 21. Future directions Monitoring and feedback Need for more training on - Cultural sensitivity - Good enough parenting - Risk evaluation instruments New training planned (fall 2008)
  • 22. References Meer lezen.... • Berge, I.J. ten & Bakker, A. (2005). Veilig Thuis? Utrecht: NIZW • Berge, I.J. ten, & Vinke, A. (2006 – in press). Methodiek en hulpmiddelen ORBA, Onderzoek Risicotaxatie Besluitvorming AMK’s. Utrecht/Woerden: NIZW/Adviesbureau Van Montfoort. • Broad, B. (2006). Some advantages and disadvantages of kinship care: a view from research. In : C. Talbot & M.C. Calder. Assessment in Kinship Care. Dorset: Russell House Publishing. • Dalgleish, L.I. (1997). Risk assessment and decision making in child protection. Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensland, Department of Psychology. • Munro, E. (2002). Effective child protection. London: Sage. • Pas, A. van der (2006, 4e dr.). Naar een psychologie van het ouderschap. Handboek methodische ouderbegeleiding, deel 2. Utrecht: SWP
  • 23. References • Turnell A., & Edwards, S. (1999). Signs of Safety. A solution and safety oriented approach to child protection casework. New York/London: W.W. Norton. • Talbot, C. &. Calder (2006). Assessment in Kinship Care. Dorset: Russell House Publishing. • Talbot, C. (2006). Kinship Care: the Research Evidence. In : C. Talbot & M.C. Calder. Assessment in Kinship Care. Dorset: Russell House Publishing. • Vinke, J.G. (1999). Geschikt voor het adoptiefouderschap? De ontwikkeling en het gebruik van een taxatie-instrument voor gezinsfunctioneren met het oog op interlandelijke adoptie. Delft: Eburon. • Vinke, J.G. & Mortel, M. vd. (2003) Methodisch bronnenboek Netwerkverkenning. Utrecht/ Woerden: VvP de Rading / Adviesbureau Van Montfoort. • Vinke J.G. (2004). Methodisch bronnenboek Van Huis Naar Thuis - hulpverleningsvariant pleegzorg. Utrecht/ Woerden: VvP de Rading / Adviesbureau Van Montfoort. • Scripties via: http://ppswmm.ppsw.rug.nl/~strijker/
  • 24. Acknowledgments Flexus Foster Care Rotterdam Leiden University ADOC www.adoptionresearch.nl

Editor's Notes

  1. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008 I’m honored to be able to present some of my recent work here and hope we can have a lively discussion on the subject of assessments in kinship care since this is a very interesting but difficult field too. Hoping to share some practices and experiences from my professional perspective, being a Child psychologist and registred General Health Psychologist working in private practice. In day to day work I combine diagnostics and therapeutic work with research and training. The latter often on a contract basis whereas for research activities I’m working with ADOC/Leiden University as a guest lecturer and with HAN University in Nijmegen as well. Finally I’m honored to be a member of the advice board of DCI ECPAT Netherlands (End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes). Previously I was involved in youth care as a member of staff at the Utrecht Bureau of Youth care.
  2. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008 Short outline of the presentation 3 main issues: the perspectives of Dutch Foster Care and especially Of one facility for Foster Care, Flexus, that operates in a big city region of Rotterdam I will address practice issues and future needs related to kinship care in this presentation
  3. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008 Dutch Foster Care: Separate service no connection to adoption or Child protection register No private fostering: only acknowledged foster carers - else no funding Dutch Youthcare works with a placement coordinator (Bureau of Youth Care) and a Foster Care worker (Foster care facility) Up to 60% of the placements is made within a child protection context
  4. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008
  5. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008
  6. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008 Aantal jongeren tussen 0 en 23: 300.000. Hiervan maken 10.000 jeugdigen gebruik van de jeugdzorg. In de stadsregio Rotterdam (Rotterdam en 15 omliggende gemeenten) is een budget van 100 miljoen euro voor de jeugdzorg. In 2007 besteedt de stadsregio de volgende budgetten aan pleegzorg: Pleegzorg basis € 6.480.540,-; SPD-plaatsen € 117.828,-; Pleegzorg intensief € 585.270,-; Pleegzorg crisis € 233.592,-; Uitwijkhuis gekoppelde pleegzorg € 154.520,-; Pleegzorg specialistisch € 1.458.456,-; NVP € 22.200,-
  7. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008 Looking into training needs: focus group in order to assess the training needs of the workers Worker needs differ from managerial needs..... Sometimes they can be brought together but this needs careful designing
  8. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008 Is there really a difference? Dutch research shows no sign. Diff. On demographic and support values nor on experiences of the foster carers as perceived by the adults, However english research does indicate that children’s perception of the care arrangment in kinship care is often better -there is a sense of belonging, crucial to be able to address identity issues in later live
  9. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008 We are confronted with different practical issues
  10. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008 In order to make kinship care work as a long term arrangement, it is important to bring in three things , firstly the theory the theory and address the following point Thus we can achieve transparancy in both supportrelated issues as well as for managerial and research purposes
  11. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008 Next to theory we need not forget good practices - that is our second departure point and finaly
  12. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008 We need to honour the human factor, bring in professional intuition
  13. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008 This framework is well known here, -- quick skip Merits: all in how we do it terms and therefore a focus on change and intervention!
  14. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008 Kinship carer diamond - a practice and evidence based tool
  15. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008
  16. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008 Addressing the risk
  17. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008
  18. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008
  19. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008 We used a combined approach of knowledge transfer, exercise and introduction of tools the workers had to take to work and practice with in between the training sessions
  20. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008 Tools Risk checklist! SOS Decision thresholds Professional intuition
  21. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008
  22. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008
  23. © Anneke JG Vinke, 2008