The document provides a comparative study of forecasting and scheduling regulations for solar and wind projects in various states in India in 2019. It analyzes key aspects of the regulations such as applicability, forecasting and scheduling responsibility, tolerance bands for deviation settlement, scheduling requirements, reference points, apportionment of charges, telemetry requirements, and timelines for payment of deviation charges. The analysis is presented in tables comparing the regulations of states in northern, western & central, and eastern regions of India to highlight similarities and differences in the regulations of different states.

1. GENSOL ENGINEERING PVT. LTD
Comparative Study of “Forecasting & Scheduling” for
Solar & Wind Projects- 2019

2. Key Highlights of Forecasting & Scheduling 2019
Gensol understands that in current power scenario, the forecasting & scheduling are highly important parameters to
manage balance between supply and demand of energy in India.
State-wise comparative
analysis has been carried
out to highlight following
points :
• Energy Forecasting & Scheduling
• Key Amendments in Electricity Act
• Key Amendments in National Tariff Policy
• Regulation in Draft & Final stages
• Responsibility & Requirements
• Available Capacity & Tolerance Band
• Deviation Settlement Mechanism (DSM)
• Metering, Energy & Deviation Accounting
Gensol Group

3. Energy Forecasting & Scheduling (F&S)
Gensol Group
1) Energy Forecasting is an
estimation of probable
generation of energy
generating power plants.
2) Energy Forecasting is an
essential pre-requisite for
scheduling of energy
generation.
1) Each day is divided into 96
blocks of 15 minutes each
starting from 00:00 hour.
2) Each generating station
has to make advance
declaration of its capacity for
generation in terms of MWh
or kWh for each time block
of the next day which is
termed as scheduling.
Forecasting
Scheduling

4. Latest Amendments in Regulations –Forecasting & Scheduling
Gensol Group
Amendment to
Electricity Act,2003
Released on 7th
September 2018
• The Central Government shall establish National Load Despatch Centre (NLDC) for
optimum scheduling & despatch of electricity among Regional Load Despatch
Centres (RLDC) .
• The Regional Load Despatch Centre (RLDC) shall comply with principles, guidelines
and methodologies in respect of wheeling & optimum scheduling and despatch of
electricity within a particular territory/region as specified in the Grid Code.
• The State Load Despatch Centre (SLDC) shall be responsible for optimum scheduling
and despatch of electricity within a State.
Amendment to National
Tariff Policy,2016
Released on 30th May
2018
• The scheduling and despatch of conventional and renewable generating plants shall
be done separately for the generating plants whose PPAs has been expired/ whose
useful life has completed or proposed coal/lignite based thermal plants bundled with
renewable power generating plants.
• Transmission Losses & Wheeling losses in the distribution system shall be adjusted
in scheduling or may be paid as per regulations formed by State Commission.
• Distribution Licensee shall mandatory undertake load forecasting every year and
publish and submit to CERC/SERC.

5. Availability Based Tariff (ABT)- Drawbacks
Gensol Group
Availability Based Tariff (ABT) is a frequency based pricing mechanism to which was used to maintain grid discipline by
implementing incentive/disincentive during unscheduled power interchange(UI).
Features
•Enhanced Grid Discipline
•Promote Competition & Efficiency
•Encourage Economic Despatch & Address Grid Disturbance Issues
•Provide Economic viable power with right pricing
Drawbacks
•In ABT mechanism, incentives and penalties are charged on average grid
frequency in a time block of 15 minutes
•No benefit to the applicable UI Tariff/Charges.
•The generators & DISCOMs who are not adhering to grid discipline are not
penalised.
•The incentives and disincentives are prefixed by CERC for variation in grid
frequency which may not reflect actual situation on day-to-day basis.
•ABT mechanism does not permit the grid participants to decide the optimum
frequency within permitted frequency band on day-to-day basis.

6. Deviation Settlement Mechanism(DSM)
Deviation Settlement Mechanism(DSM) is a mechanism controlled by the SLDC/RLDC which takes care of Energy
Accounting, Energy Deviation accounting and deviation charges for energy supplied by the generators connected to
the State grid within the state or outside the state and Consumers within the State and thus maintain grid stability
and grid discipline.
DSM helps the state to manage the overall generation-load balance across the state periphery.
Objectives of DSM
•Secure and Reliable Grid Operations
•Encouraging Higher Availability of Generation
•Install Forecasting & Load management discipline amongst DISCOMs ,load serving entities & OA consumers
•Ensure Dispatch Discipline amongst generators based on economic /merit order principles
•Serve as balancing mechanism within the State
•Facilitate energy accounting and Deviation Settlement

7. Gensol Group
Deviation Settlement Mechanism (DSM)Framework
Absolute Error(%) = (Actual Generation –Scheduled Generation )/Available Capacity(AvC) x 100
• Deviation Settlement with Tolerance Band of +/- 15%
• Receipt from/Payment to Pool Account is done at PPA rate
• Day is divided into 96 time blocks with each time block of 15 minutes
• 16 revisions are allowed, one for every one and half hour, effective from 4th time block
• Payment of Deviation charges has to be done within 10 days of issuance of deviation charges by the SLDC

8. States having forecasting, scheduling & DSM regulations for
Solar and Wind Generation Sources
Gensol Group
State Region Year of Release Draft Final
Punjab
Northern
2019 √
Haryana 2018 √
Rajasthan 2017 √
Uttar Pradesh 2017 √
Gujarat
Western &
Central
2017 √
Maharashtra 2018 √
Madhya Pradesh 2018 √
Jharkhand 2016 √
Manipur & Mizoram
Eastern
2016 √
Meghalaya 2018 √
Assam 2018 √
Tripura 2016 √
Tamil Nadu
Southern
2017 √
Telangana 2018 √
Karnataka 2015 √
Andhra Pradesh 2017 √

9. A) Comparative Study of F&S Regulations : Northern Region
Gensol Group
S.No. Particulars
Punjab
(Final)
Haryana
(Draft)
Rajasthan
(Final)
Uttar Pradesh
(Final)
1 Applicability
Wind and solar generators
connected to Intra-state T/D
system & Selling power within or
outside the state provided that the
capacity of the generator should
be greater than or equal to 5 MW.
Wind and solar generators
connected to Intra-state T/D system
& Selling power within or outside
the state provided that the capacity
of the generator should be greater
than or equal to 1 MW.
Wind and solar generators
connected to Intra-state T/D
system & Selling power within or
outside the state provided that the
capacity of the generator should
be greater than or equal to 5 MW.
Wind and solar generators
connected to Intra-state T/D
system & Selling power within or
outside the state provided that the
capacity of the generator should be
greater than or equal to 5 MW
2
Forecasting
responsibility
Wind and solar generator /QCA/
forecast by SLDC to be accepted
QCA/ forecast by SLDC to be
accepted
Wind and solar generator /QCA/
forecast by SLDC to be accepted
Wind and solar generator /QCA/
forecast by SLDC to be accepted
3
Scheduling
responsibility
Wind and solar generator or by
Qualified Coordinating Agency
Qualified Coordinating Agency
(QCA)
Wind and solar generator or by
QCA
Wind and solar generator or by
QCA
4
Tolerance band
for DSM
15% for wind and solar generators
for sale/supply of power within the
state
10% for wind and solar generators
for sale or self-consumption of
power within the state
15% for wind and solar generators
for sale/supply of power within the
state
15% for wind and solar generators
for sale/supply of power within the
state
5
Scheduling
requirement
Day ahead and week ahead Day ahead and week ahead Day ahead Day ahead
6
Reference point
for DSM
Pooling Station /Interconnection
point to State Grid
Pooling Station /Interconnection
point to State Grid
Pooling Station /Interconnection
point to State Grid
Pooling Station /Interconnection
point to State Grid

10. Gensol Group
Comparative Study of F&S Regulations :Northern Region
S.No. Particulars
Punjab
(Final)
Haryana
(Draft)
Rajasthan
(Final)
Uttar Pradesh
(Final)
7
Apportion of energy
deviation & DSM charges among
RE generators at a Pooling
Substation
In proportion to actual
generated units in each time
block or available capacity
In proportion to actual
generated units in each time
block or available capacity
In proportion to actual
generated units in each time
block or available capacity
In proportion to actual
generated units in each time
block or available capacity
8 Revisions allowed per day
Max. 16 revisions for wind and
solar generators
Max. 16 revisions for wind and
solar generators
Max. 16 revisions for wind and
solar generators
Max. 16 revisions for wind and
max.9 revisions for solar
9
Telemetry and communication
requirement
Data relating to power
generation parameters and
weather related Data
Data relating to power system
output & parameters and
weather related Data
Data relating to power system
output & parameters and
weather related Data
Data relating to power system
output & parameters and
weather related Data
10
Responsibility of providing
telemetry and communication Wind/solar generator or QCA
Qualified Coordinating Agency
(QCA)
Wind/solar generator or QCA Wind/solar generator or QCA
11
Time period for payment of
deviation charges
Within 10 days from issuance of
invoice
Within 10 days from issuance of
invoice
Not Covered Not Covered
12
Interest for late payment of
deviation charges
0.04% per day for the period of
delay
1.25% per month for the period
of delay
Not Covered Not Covered
13 BG/LC Required Not Covered Not Covered Not Covered Not Covered

11. Gensol Group
B)Comparative Study of F&S Regulation: Western & Central Region
S.No. Particulars
Gujarat
(Draft)
Maharashtra
(Draft)
Madhya Pradesh
(Final)
Jharkhand
(Final)
1 Applicability
Wind and solar generators
connected to Intra-state T/D
system &
selling power within or outside
the state.
Wind and solar generators
connected to Intra-state T/D
system & Selling power within
or outside the state provided
that the capacity of the
generator should be greater
than or equal to 5 MW
Wind Generators having installed
capacity of 10 MW and above and
Solar Generators having installed
capacity of 5 MW and above and
supplying power to ESCOMs or to
third party or for self-consumption
through open access and selling
power within or outside the state.
Wind and solar generators connected
to Intra-state T/D system & Selling
power within or outside the state
provided that the capacity of the
generator should be greater than or
equal to 5 MW
2
Forecasting
responsibility
Wind and solar generator /QCA/
forecast by SLDC to be accepted
QCA/ forecast by SLDC to be
accepted
Wind and solar generator /QCA/
forecast by SLDC to be accepted
Wind and solar generator /QCA/
forecast by SLDC to be accepted
3
Scheduling
responsibility
Wind and solar generator or by
QCA
QCA Wind and solar generator or by QCA Wind and solar generator or by QCA
4
Tolerance band
for DSM
12% for wind projects
commissioned prior to 30.1.2010
and 8% for projects commissioned
after 30.1.2010. 7% for existing
and new solar project
15% for wind and solar
generators for sale/supply of
power within the state
15% for wind and solar generators
for sale/supply of power within the
state
15% for wind and solar generators
for sale/supply of power within the
state
5
Scheduling
requirement
Day ahead and 03 day ahead Day Ahead and week ahead Day ahead and week ahead Day ahead and week ahead
6
Reference point
for DSM
Pooling Station /Interconnection
point to State Grid
Pooling Station /Interconnection
point to State Grid
Pooling Station /Interconnection
point to State Grid
Pooling Station /Interconnection
point to State Grid

12. Gensol Group
Comparative Study of F&S Regulations : Western & Central Region
S.No. Particulars
Gujarat
(Draft)
Maharashtra
(Draft)
Madhya Pradesh
(Final)
Jharkhand
(Final)
7
Apportion of energy
eeviation & DSM charges among
RE generators at a Pooling S/S
In proportion to actual generated
units in each time block or
available capacity or absolute
error of individual generator
In proportion to actual
generated units in each time
block
In proportion to actual
generated units in each time
block or available capacity
In proportion to actual
generated units in each time
block or available capacity
8 Revisions allowed per day
Max. 16 revisions for wind and
max. 8 revisions for solar
Max. 16 revisions for wind and
solar generators
Max. 16 revisions for wind
and solar generators
Max. 16 revisions for wind
and solar generators
9
Telemetry and communication
requirement
Data relating to power system
output & parameters and
weather related data
Data relating to power
generation parameters and
weather related data
Data relating to power system
output & parameters and
weather related data
Data relating to power
system output & parameters
and weather related data
10
Responsibility of providing
telemetry and communication Wind/solar generator or QCA QCA Wind/solar generator or QCA Wind/solar generator or QCA
11
Time period for payment of
deviation charges
Within 10 days from issuance of
invoice
Within 10 days from issuance of
invoice
Within 10 days from issuance
of invoice
Within 10 days from issuance
of invoice
12
Interest for late payment of
devation charges
0.04% per day for the period of
delay
1.25% per month for the period
of delay
0.04% per day for the period
of delay
Not Covered
13 BG/LC Required
BG/Revolving LC covering DSM
payment for 6 months
Not Covered
LC of 110% of average payable
weekly liability for deviations
in the previous financial year
Not Covered

13. Gensol Group
C) Comparative Study of F&S Regulations : Eastern Region
S.No. Particulars
Manipur & Mizoram
(Draft)
Meghalaya
(Final)
Assam
(Draft)
Tripura
(Final)
1 Applicability
Wind and solar generators
connected to Intra-state T/D
system &
Selling power within or outside the
state
Wind and solar generators
connected to Intra-state T/D system
& Selling power within or outside the
state provided that the capacity of
the generator should be greater than
or equal to 1 MW
Wind and solar generators
connected to Intra-state T/D
system & selling power within
or outside the state
Wind and solar generators
connected to Intra-state T/D
system & selling power within
or outside the state
2
Forecasting
responsibility
Wind and solar generator /QCA/
forecast by SLDC to be accepted
QCA/ forecast by SLDC to be
accepted
Wind and solar generator
/QCA/ forecast by SLDC to be
accepted
Wind and solar generator
/QCA/ forecast by SLDC to be
accepted
3
Scheduling
responsibility
Wind and solar generator or by
QCA
QCA
Wind and solar generator or by
QCA
Wind and solar generator or by
QCA
4
Tolerance band
for DSM
15% for wind and solar generators
commissioned prior to 18.7.2016
and 10% for commissioned after
18.7.2016 for sale/supply of power
within the state.
15% for wind and solar generators
for sale/supply of power within the
state
10% for wind and solar
generators for sale/supply of
power within the state
10% for wind and solar
generators for sale/supply of
power within the state
5
Scheduling
requirement
Day ahead and week ahead Day ahead and week ahead Day ahead and week ahead Day ahead and week ahead
6
Reference point
for DSM
Pooling Station /Interconnection
point to State Grid
Pooling Station /Interconnection
point to State Grid
Pooling Station
/Interconnection point to State
Grid
Pooling Station
/Interconnection point to State
Grid

14. Gensol Group
Comparative Study of F&S Regulations : Eastern Region
S.No. Particulars
Manipur & Mizoram
(Draft)
Meghalaya
(Final)
Assam
(Draft)
Tripura
(Final)
7
Apportion of energy
deviation & DSM charges among
RE generators at a Pooling S/S
In proportion to actual
generated units in each time
block or available capacity
In proportion to actual
generated units in each time
block or available capacity
In proportion to actual
generated units in each time
block or available capacity
In proportion to actual
generated units in each time
block or available capacity
8 Revisions allowed per day
Max. 16 revisions for wind and
solar generators
Max. 16 revisions for wind and
solar generators
Max. 16 revisions for wind
and max.9 revisions for solar
Max. 16 revisions for wind and
max.9 revisions for solar
9
Telemetry and communication
requirement
Data relating to power system
output & parameters and
weather related Data
Data relating to power
generation parameters and
weather related Data
Data relating to power system
output & parameters and
weather related Data
Data relating to power system
output & parameters and
weather related Data
10
Responsibility of providing
telemetry and communication Wind/solar generator or QCA QCA Wind/solar generator or QCA Wind/solar generator or QCA
11
Time period for payment of
deviation charges
Not Covered
Within 10 days from issuance
of invoice
Not Covered Not Covered
12
Interest for late payment of
deviation charges
Not Covered
1.25% per month for the
period of delay
Not Covered Not Covered
13 BG/LC Required Not Covered
LC for an amount equivalent to
1.5 times of average of weekly
deviations amount for the past
four settlement periods.
Not Covered Not Covered

15. Gensol Group
D) Comparative Study of F&S Regulations : Southern Region
S.No. Particulars
Tamil Nadu
(Draft)
Telangana
(Final)
Karnataka
(Final)
Andhra Pradesh
(Final)
1 Applicability
Wind and solar generators
connected to Intra-state T/D
system & selling power within or
outside the state
Wind and solar generators
connected to Intra-state T/D
system & Selling power within or
outside the state provided that
the capacity of the generator
should be greater than or equal
to 5 MW
Wind Generators having installed
capacity of 10 MW and above and
Solar Generators having installed
capacity of 5 MW and above and
supplying power to ESCOMs or to
third party or for self-consumption
through open access within or
outside the state.
Wind and solar generators
connected to Intra-state T/D
system & selling power within or
outside the state
2
Forecasting
responsibility
QCA forecast by SLDC to be
accepted
Wind and solar generator /QCA/
forecast by SLDC to be accepted
Wind and solar generator /QCA/
forecast by SLDC to be accepted
Wind and solar generator /QCA/
forecast by SLDC to be accepted
3
Scheduling
Responsibility
QCA
Wind and solar generator or by
QCA
Wind and solar generator or by
QCA or through Aggregator
Wind and solar generator or by
QCA
4
Tolerance Band
for DSM
10% for wind and solar
generators for sale/supply of
power within the state
15% for wind and solar
generators for sale/supply of
power within the state
15% for wind and solar generators
for sale/supply of power within
the state
15% for wind and solar
generators for sale/supply of
power within the state
5
Scheduling
Requirement
Day ahead and week ahead Day ahead and week ahead Day ahead and week ahead Day ahead and week ahead
6
Reference Point
for DSM
Pooling station /Interconnection
point to State Grid
Pooling Station /Interconnection
point to State Grid
Pooling Station /Interconnection
point to State Grid
Pooling Station /Interconnection
point to State Grid

16. Gensol Group
Comparative Study of F&S Regulations : Southern Region
S.No. Particulars
Tamil Nadu
(Draft)
Telangana
(Final)
Karnataka
(Final)
Andhra Pradesh
(Final)
7
Apportion of energy
deviation & DSM charges
among RE generators at a
Pooling S/S
In proportion to actual generated
units in each time block or
available capacity
In proportion to energy
injected in each time block
In proportion to actual
generated units in each time
block or available capacity
In proportion to actual
generated units in each time
block or available capacity
8 Revisions allowed per day
Max. 16 revisions for wind and
solar generators
Max. 16 revisions for wind and
max. 9 revisions for solar
Max. 16 revisions for wind
and solar generators
Max. 16 revisions for wind
and max.9 revisions for solar
9
Telemetry and communication
requirement
Data relating to power system
output & parameters and
weather related Data
Data relating to power system
output & parameters and
weather related Data
Data relating to power
output,turbine availability and
weather related Data
Data relating to power
generation parameters and
weather related Data
10
Responsibility of providing
telemetry and communication QCA Wind/solar generator
Wind/solar generator or QCA
or Aggregator
Wind/solar generator or QCA
11
Time period for payment of
deviation charges
Within 10 days from issuance of
invoice
Within 10 days from issuance
of invoice
Within 10 days from issuance
of invoice
Not Covered
12
Interest for late payment of
deviations charges
1.25% per month for the period
of delay
0.04% per day for the period of
delay
0.04% per day for the period
of delay
Not Covered
13 BG/LC Required Not Covered
Bank guarantee or LC covering
deviation settlement
mechanism payment for 6
months
Not Covered Not Covered

17. Gensol is one of the leading consultants and system integrators for Solar Power Plants. We boast of a portfolio of over 6000 MW of Solar Photovoltaic Plants. Gensol is also a channel
partner to Ministry of New & Renewable Energy and installs kW scale Solar Rooftop systems on a turnkey basis with more than 42 MW of cumulative installations across the country.
The information contained herein is of a general nature and is not intended to address the circumstances of any particular individual or entity. Although we endeavor to provide
accurate and timely information, there can be no guarantee that such information is accurate as of the date it is received or that it will continue to be accurate in the future. No one
should act on such information without appropriate professional advice after a thorough examination of the particular situation.
Email: solar@gensol.in | Web: www.gensol.in | Phone: +91 79 40068235 | Twitter: gensol_tweets
Gensol Engineering Pvt Ltd | Gensol Consultants Pvt Ltd | Solarig Gensol Utilities Pvt Ltd
Corporate Office
A2, 12th Floor Palladium, Opp. to Vodafone House , Corporate Road, Prahladnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. India - 380015