1. Once upon a time…
there were css, js
and server-side rendering

2. A long time ago...
in a galaxy far far away
A long time ago...
in a galaxy far far away

6. PHP template engines
● Smarty (2002)
● Twig (Symfony)
● Mustache (Logic-less templates)
● Blade (Laravel 4)
● Volt (Phalcon)

7. // guestbook.tpl

8. Style inline is a smell
but...

9. File too big

10. Organize styles logically

12. // index.html
// main.css

14. Designers’ hell at 2000s
● CSS
○ Cascading Style Sheet
○ Browser compatibility
○ Huge single file or external HTTP imports
○ Selector Priority (a#a-02 is more specific than a[id=”a-02”]?)
○ Cascading.

15. Designers’ hell at 2000s

16. Designers’ hell at 2000s

17. Assets file tree
assets/
├── css
│ ├── bootstrap.min.css
│ ├── magnific-popup.min.css
│ ├── videojs.min.css
│ └── main.css
├── fonts/
└── images/

18. The birth of preprocessors
LESS and SASS were born to solve the bad things of CSS inspired by software
development.
● local imports
● variables
● functions
● reusable code

19. More tools!
$ lessc main.less main.css
$ sass input.scss output.css

20. Assets file tree with less
assets/
├── less
│ ├── global.less
│ ├── main.less
│ ├── utils
│ │ ├── animations.less
│ │ ├── device-label.less
│ │ ├── generators.less
│ │ ├── helpers.less
│ │ ├── media-queries.less
│ │ ├── positions.less
│ │ ├── shadows.less
│ │ └── sizes.less
│ └── webfonts.less
├── css
│ ├── bootstrap.min.css
│ ├── magnific-popup.min.css
│ ├── videojs.min.css
│ └── main.min.css
├── fonts/
└── images/

21. Why reinvent the wheel?
● jQuery
● Bootstrap
● Foundation
● Magnific Popup
● JWPlayer
● jQuery Mobile
● Video.js
● Sencha Touch
● Backbone
● jQuery UI
● D3.js
● Chosen
● Handlebars
● Underscore
● JQuery-File-Upload
● Prototype
● Dojo
● jquery-select
● jquery-gallery
● jquery-pokemon-go

22. Meanwhile the assets directory ...

23. Bower
● Package Manager by Twitter
● Bower.json: single configuration file with all frontend dependencies
● Automatic download
● Flat dependencies tree
● Dependency upgrade with one command
MORE TOOLS
● bower init
● bower install <package> --save
● bower install

24. $ bower install jquery

25. Assets file tree with bower
assets/
├── bower_components
│ ├── bootstrap/
│ ├── magnific-popup/
│ └── videojs/
├── less
│ ├── global.less
│ ├── main.less
│ ├── utils/
│ └── webfonts.less
├── css
│ └── main.min.css
├── fonts/
└── images/

26. Wait… There were also some small jquery
javascript script for carousels and popups.
And then?

27. And then …
BOOM!
NodeJS

28. CommonJS
● NodeJS love
● Explosion of packages and tools written for node.js
● Modularization as hell (require(‘left-pad’))
● Encapsulated code with specific exports (module.exports = PokemonGo)
● No more self-invoking functions!
● Small files

29. Front-end developers’ problem
● Code complexity grows as the site gets bigger
● Assembly gets harder
● Developer wants discrete JS files/modules
● Deployment wants optimized code in just one or a few HTTP calls

30. NodeJS is so cool! Why I can’t use it on my
frontend development?
I need a magic!

31. Browserify
● Small wrapper for the require function
● Build process that keeps track of dependencies
● Bundle to one file
More tools
browserify index.js > bundle.js

32. Assets file tree with browserify
assets/
├── bower_components/
├── node_modules/
├── less/
├── dist
│ ├── bundle.js
│ └── main.min.css
├── js
│ ├── Components
│ │ ├── Modals.js
│ │ └── Slideshow.js
│ ├── Models
│ │ ├── User.js
│ │ └── Product.js
│ └── main.js
├── fonts/
└── images/

34. *choose-a-language* to JavaScript
● Coffeescript to JavaScript - coffeescript.org
● TypeScript to JavaScript - typescriptlang.org
● Dart to JavaScript - dartlang.org
● C/C++ to JavaScript - Emscripten
● ES6 to ES5 - babel
● JavaScript to JavaScript - js2js

35. A new frontend environement
● Single page application
● Web App
● Front-end frameworks:
○ Backbone + jQuery
○ Angular
○ Ember
○ Meteor
○ React.js
● The V of MVC is moved to browsers
● Front-end designers became Front-end developers
● Backend developers and Front-end developers meet together only in one way...

36. API REST

37. Recap tools
● less / sass
● browserify / webpack / rollup
● uglify
● transpilers
● imagemin
● watch
● livereload
● ...

38. I need a task runner

39. But before I need to node and npm
// package.json - created with '$ npm init'
{
"name": "my-awesome-project",
"version": "0.1.0",
"description": "My Awesome Project",
"scripts": {
"build": "node_modules/grunt-cli/bin/grunt dist",
"start": "node_modules/grunt-cli/bin/grunt dev"
},
"devDependencies": {
"grunt": "~0.4.5",
"grunt-cli": "~1.2.0",
"grunt-contrib-sass": "~1.0.0"
}
"author": "RomaJS"
}

40. Grunt
module.exports = function(grunt) {
grunt.initConfig({
sass: {
dist: {
files: {
'style/style.css': 'sass/style.scss'
}
}
},
watch: {
css: {
files: '**/*.scss',
tasks: ['sass']
}
}
});
grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-sass');
grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-watch');
grunt.registerTask('start',['sass', 'watch']);
grunt.registerTask('build',['sass']);
}
● grunt-contrib-cssmin
● grunt-contrib-less
● grunt-contrib-concat
● grunt-contrib-uglify
● grunt-contrib-imagemin
● grunt-contrib-copy
● grunt-contrib-clean
● grunt-contrib-livereload
● grunt-contrib-jshint
● grunt-eslint
● grunt-pokemon-go
● ...
// gruntfile.js

41. Gulp
var gulp = require('gulp'),
sass = require('gulp-sass');
gulp.task('scripts', function() {
return gulp.src(['bower_components/jquery/jquery-1.11.1.js', 'src/**/*.js'])
.pipe(concat('main.js'))
.pipe(uglify())
.pipe(gulp.dest('dist/build'));
});
gulp.task('styles', function() {
gulp.src('sass/**/*.scss')
.pipe(sass().on('error', sass.logError))
.pipe(gulp.dest('./css/'))
});
//Watch task
gulp.task('default', ['scripts', 'styles'], function() {
gulp.watch('sass/**/*.scss',['styles']);
gulp.watch(['js/**/*.js'], ['scripts'])
});
● gulp-cssmin
● gulp-less
● gulp-concat
● gulp-uglify
● gulp-imagemin
● gulp-copy
● gulp-clean
● gulp-livereload
● gulp-jshint
● gulp-eslint
// gulpfile.js

42. Webpack
module.exports = {
entry: './src/js/main.js',
module: {
loaders: [{
test: /.js$/,
loader: 'babel',
query: {
presets: ['es2015', 'react', 'stage-0']
}
},
{
test: /.less$/,
loader: ExtractTextPlugin.extract('style-loader', 'css!less')
}]
},
output: {
filename: 'bundle.js',
path: __dirname + '/../web/assets'
}
};
● creates one or many
bundles
● allow commonjs and es6
● webpack-dev-server
○ watch
○ livereload
● loaders +150
○ sass
○ less
● plugins +30
○ uglifyJs
○ imagemin
○ commonsChunk
// webpack.config.js

43. Demo Time?

44. @JellyBellyDev @MatteoManchi
Thank You!