Materi Kuliah Analisis laporan keuangan. Semoga bisa berkembang menjadi ALK syariah di masa depan

1. Dipersiapkan untuk
mata kuliah
STIE Husnayain

2. “Evaluation of a firm's financial
Apa itu statements in order to assess the
firm's worth and its ability to meet
Analisis its financial obligations”
Laporan
Keuangan? “an assessment of the viability, stability
and profitability of a business, sub-
business or project”

3. Business Analysis
Evaluate
Evaluate Risks
Prospects
Business Decision Makers
Equity investors
Creditors
Managers
Merger and Acquisition Analysts
External Auditors
Directors
Regulators
Employees & Unions
Lawyers

4. Information Sources
Quantitative Qualitative
Financial Statements Management discussion & Analysis
Industry Statistics Chairperson’s Letter
Press Releases
Economic Indicators
Financial press
Regulatory filings
Vision/Mission Statement
Trade reports
Web sites

5. Kapan 1
• Pemilik Dana
digunakan?
• Intermediaries
2
• Pihak yang membutuhkan
3

6. Credit Analysis Equity Analysis
Management &
Control Labor Negotiations
Types of
Business Director Oversight
Regulation Analysis
Financial External Auditing
Management
Mergers, Acquisitions
& Divestitures

7. Credit Analysis
Trade Non-trade
Creditors Creditors
Provide Provide
Bear risk of Bear risk of
goods or major
default default
services financing
Usually Usually
Most short- Most long-
implicit explicit
term term
interest interest

8. Credit Analysis
Credit worthiness: Ability to honor credit obligations
(downside risk)
Liquidity Solvency
Ability to meet short- Ability to meet long-
term obligations term obligations
Focus:
Focus:
Current cash flows
Long-term
Make up of current
assets and liabilities profitability
Liquidity of assets Capital structure

9. Equity Analysis
Assessment of downside risk and upside potential
Technical analysis / Fundamental Analysis
Charting Determine Intrinsic value
Patterns in price or without reference to
volume history of a price
stock Analyze and interpret
key factors
Predict future price
movements Economy
Industry
Company

10. Business
Environment &
Strategy Analysis
Industry Strategy
Analysis Analysis
Financial
Analysis
Analysis
Accounting of cash Prospective
Analysis flows Risk
Analysis
Profitability
Analysis Analysis
Cost of Capital Estimate Intrinsic Value

11. Accounting Analysis
Process to evaluate and adjust financial
statements to better reflect economic reality
Comparability problems — across firms and across time
Manager estimation error
Distortion problems Earnings management Accounting
Risk
Accounting Standards

12. Financial Analysis
Process to evaluate financial position and
performance using financial statements
Profitability analysis — Evaluate return
on investments Common tools
Risk analysis ——— Evaluate riskiness
& creditworthiness Cash
Ratio
flow
analysis
analysis
Analysis of — Evaluate source &
cash flows deployment of funds

13. Prospective Analysis
Process to forecast future payoffs
Business Environment
& Strategy Analysis
Accounting Analysis
Financial Analysis
Intrinsic Value

14. Dynamics of Business Activities
Business Activities Time
Beginning of period
Investing Financing
Planning
Operating
Planning
Investing Financing
End of period

15. Business Activities
Competition Pricing
Market demands Tactics
Planning
Activities:
Distribution Goals Promotion
& Objectives
Projections
Managerial performance
Opportunities Obstacles

16. Business Activities
Planning
Investing Activities Financial
Activities Activities
Operating Activities
Revenues and expenses from providing
goods and services

17. Financial Statements Reflect Business Activities
Planning
Investing Financing
Current: Operating Current:
• Cash • Notes Payable
• Sales • Accounts Payable
• Accounts Receivable • Cost of Goods Sold
• Inventories • Salaries Payable
• Selling Expense
• Marketable Securities • Income Tax Payable
• Administrative Expense
Noncurrent: Noncurrent:
• Interest Expense
• Land, Buildings, & • Income Tax Expense
• Bonds Payable
Equipment • Common Stock
• Patents • Retained Earnings
Net Income
• Investments
Liabilities & Equity
Income statement
Assets Cash Flow Balance Sheet
Balance Sheet Statement of Statement of
Cash Flows Shareholders’ Equity

18. Apa Bedanya
dengan ALK
Konvensional?

19. Tipe Rasio
Leverage Liquidity Operating Profitability

20. Laporan Laba
Neraca;
Rugi;
Laporan
Laporan Arus
Perubahan
Kas;
Ekuitas;
Laporan Laporan
Sumber dan Sumber dan
Penggunaan Penggunaan
Dana Zakat; Dana Kebajikan;