This document provides an overview of green biotechnology, which uses biological techniques to improve plants. It was introduced in 1987 with the Flavr Savr tomato. Methods discussed include tissue culture, genetic engineering, and hybridization. Genetically modified crops mentioned include cotton, soybean, and papaya. Applications include increasing crop yields, enhancing disease and pest resistance, and improving nutritional value. The future of green biotechnology may involve increasing global food production through new traits while enhancing health, safety, and reducing environmental pollution.

1. Overview of
Green
Biotechnology
By
ANBARASAN R,
Final Year M.Sc Biotechnology (CBCS),
Annamalai University,
Annamalai Nagar,Chidambaram.

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Who Introduced?
• Genetically modified crops
• Methods
• Application
• Risk
• Future Perspective
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3. Introduction
• Green biotechnology is commonly known as PLANT
BIOTECHNOLOGY, which is applied to agricultural process
produce more environmental friendly solutions, which are
alternative traditional industrial agriculture.
• It is defined as the application of biological techniques to
plant with the aim of improving the nutritional quality,
quantity and production economics.
• The most recent application of biotechnology in respect to
this area is GENETIC MODIFICATION also known as
GENETIC ENGINEERING,
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4. Who Introduced?
• The first agricultural biotechnology product developed for human use was FLAVER SAVER
TOMATO produced in the year 1987 by Calgene of Davis,California.
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5. Some of the genetically modified crops
• Corn
• Soybean
• Cotton
• Potato
• Papaya
• Grapes
• Brinjal
• Tomato
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6. Methods
• Plant tissue culture (Micropropagation)
A technique to produce whole plant from a minute
piece of plant like the meristem,root or even just a single cell under
laboratory condition.
Eg : Crops produced using tissue culture include bananas,coffee
etc.
• Plant molecular markers
A technique uses molecular markers to select a specific
plants that possess a desirable gene.
Eg : IITA used this markers to obtain a cowpea resistant to beetle.
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• Plant Genetic Engineering
The selective and transfer of beneficial gene(s)
from one to another to create new improved crops.
Eg : Cotton,sweet potato and includes bacterial resistance in
rice,cassava and banana and submergic tolerance in rice.
• Hybridization
Scientists exploits the fact that some offspring
from the progeny of a cross between 2 known parents would be
better than the parents.
Eg : Hybrid corns.

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• BT Cotton
Some Biotechnology companies are using the soil bacterium Bacillus
thuringenisis (BT) to produce a BT – toxin gene to splice into cotton,the toxin eats into the gut
of pest and kills them.

9. Benefits
• Increase crop productivity
Biotechnology has helped to increase crop productivity by introducing
qualities like disease resistance and increased drought tolerance to the crops,researchers can
select genes for disease resistance from other species and transfer them to important crops.
• Enhanced crop protection
It provides cost effective solutions to pest problem crop such as corn,cotton
and potato have been successfully transformed through genetic engineering to make a protein
that kills certain insects when they feed on the plants.
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• Improved nutritional value
Crops are fortified or enriched with nutrients to supply essential nutrients in
regular diets and staple crops and reduce malnutrition in developing countries.
Golden rice is genetically engineered to biosynthesize β carotene , the
precursor of vitamin A .This helps to prevent death and childhood blindness caused by vitamin A
deficiency.
• Improved agronomic traits
Tolls of biotechnology largely efficient in enhancing the agronomic trait of
plant and agriculture .
The trait include insect, herbicide, virus disease resistance and temperature
tolerance , drought tolerance delayed fruit ripening , increased dietary value, improved food
processing .
Eg : BT cotton also resistance to herbicide.

11. Application of Green
Biotechnolgy
Overview of Green Biotechnology

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 Environment uses living system to solve environmental pollution .
 Fundamentally rooted in waste such as remedy of contamination , impact
of reduction of current activity and control of pollution.
 This aspect prevents pollutants to environment , cleaning up
environmental contaminants and generating valuable resources.

13. Bioremediation
Make use of microorganism to destroy or
immobilize waste materials and
environmental pollution . it involves
biostimulation and bioaggumentation.
Eg : biodegradation of plastics by p.putida
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14. Bio-energy and Bio-fuel
Significant application of green
biotechnology is the conversion of
biomass into heat and electricity and
biofuels through thermochemical and
biochemical conversion processes and
extraction process.
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15. Bio - fertilizers
Important in sustainable agricultural
practices to replace use of toxic and
harmful chemicals. Used as microbial
inoculants or microbial preparations ,
biofertilizers improves the nutritional
contents of the soil.
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 Health related issues ( allergens and toxins )
 Environment and ecological issue ( superweeds , insect resistance)
 Social issue (labeling) – terminator technology – must buy new seed annually .

17. Future Perspective
 Increase food production : around 800 million people world wide
suffer from hunger . the world population will grow to 8.1 billion by
2030. Most increase in production by biotechnology can improve the
global food situation .
 Improve and the production of new product with new trait.
 Food enhancement – the food is safer than conventional food .
 Improves health and safety standards and less environment
pollution.
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