This presentation is done by Cherisse Adlawan as one of her projects on ITALIAN REGIONS in her Italian 10 class (AY 2013-2014) at the University of the Philippines under Prof. Emanuela Adesini.
Q-Factor General Quiz-7th April 2024, Quiz Club NITW
Ancient Rome
1. Rome: Importance
Rome: Importance
“successor” to Greece
“carrier” of Greek civilization
political model for later Europe
measure of success for nations and
individuals
2. Importance, con’t
Importance, con’t
model for later monarchies
model for later, mixed constitutions
– Great Britain, U.S., etc.
model for most European legal systems
model for the concept of citizenship
3. Roman History
Roman History
The Regal Age: ca. 779-509 B.C.
The Republic: 509-27 B.C.
The Empire: 27 B.C.-1453 A.D.
– Early Empire: 27 B.C.-325 A.D.
– Later Empire: 325 A.D.-1453 A.D.
7. Early history
Early history
Indo-European
entered Italy ca. 2000 B.C.
settled south of the Tiber
primitive institutions
8. The Kings
The Kings
Seven kings
Romulus
historical kings?
– the Etruscan kings
– the last three
9. The Republic
The Republic
revolution
patricians (2-4%) and plebeians (96-
98%)
constitutional government
– influenced by Athens?
– the constitution of Cleisthenes?
12. Struggle of the Orders
Struggle of the Orders
struggle for political participation
plebeian institutions: the tribunes
the secessions
the compromises
– no political violence until 133 B.C.
13. Roman Expansion
Roman Expansion
conquest of Veii: Rome’s “Trojan War”
gradual expansion for a century
the Latin League
– extension of citizenship
– Romans, half-citizens, Latins, allies
– continuous expansion
Celts, Samnites, etc.
14.
15.
16.
17. Expansion, con’t
Expansion, con’t
Etruscans
Greeks
Carthage ???
– three Punic Wars
– 254, 220, 146 B.C.
control of Western Mediterranean
18.
19. Expansion, con’t
Expansion, con’t
the Hellenistic Monarchies
the Greek Federal Leagues
lots of wars, Romans are dragged in...a
lot
Romans get tired of it
control of most of the Med. basin by
100 B.C.
but still essentially a city-state
20. Roman Religion
Roman Religion
rustic Italian cults
overlay of Greek religion
Etruscan influences
Romans as “pack rats”
37. The Late Republic: 133-27 B.C.
The Late Republic: 133-27 B.C.
introduction of violence into domestic
politics
competition for status and recognition
civil war
38.
39. Important Figures
Important Figures
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
Marius and Sulla
Pompey the Great, Marcus Crassus,
Julius Caesar
– First Triumvirate
Marc Antony, Marcus Lepidus, Octavian
Caesar
– Second Triumvirate
48. The Empire
The Empire
unification of the Mediterranean basin
and western Europe
extended citizenship
empire-wide commerce
Roman law
tolerance for local autonomy
55. The Antonines: the Good
The Antonines: the Good
Emperors
Emperors
Edward Gibbon
the height of the Empire
the culmination of the pax Romana
succession by adoption of the most
competent
56. The Good Emperors
The Good Emperors
Nerva
Trajan
– strong military leader
Hadrian
– excellent administrator
– Hellenophile
Antoninus Pius
Marcus Aurelius
– the embodiment of the philosopher king
57. The Rise of Christianity
The Rise of Christianity
Jesus of Nazareth
– teacher, prophet, revolutionary
– the Jesus Movement
Paul of Tarsus
– cultural mixture: Jewish and Greek
– founder of Christianity
58. Rise of Christianity, con’t
Rise of Christianity, con’t
disappearance of Jewish followers: 70
A.D.
growth of the Pauline church
the poor, women, children, slaves
no success among men, the educated,
etc.
benefits of Roman infrastructure and
the pax Romana
59. Roman suspicion
Roman suspicion
the First Jewish War
“eastern religion”
– corrupted the mos maiorum
– that is, “traditional family values”
rumors of orgies and cannibalism
Second Jewish War
Trajan’s Rescript
60.
61. The Crisis of the Third Century
End of the practice of adoption
The Severian Emperors
– the army as a social class
– abandonment of the Augustan constitution
– collapse of the senate and other organs of
state
– collapse of the civil adminstration
62. Crisis, con’t
collapse of society
– breakdown of social classes
collapse of the economy
– collapse of trade and coinage
barbarian invasions
civil wars
– Thirty emperors
– The Danubian emperors (soldiers)
63. Crisis, con’t
Aurelian - restituor orbis
Decius - persecutions of those who
corrupt traditional family values
Diocletian
64. Diocletian and Reform
The Tetrarchy
The Annona
The Edict of Maximum Prices
The “new provinces”
The “eastern frontiers”
The “new capitals”
The “persecutions”
– Edict of Toleration, 311
65. Constantine
The divided empire, united
The Battle of the Milvian Bridge
The “conversion of Constantine”
The Edict of Milan - 314
The First Ecumenical Council
The New Capital
– Constantinople
66. Books for you to read
H.H. Scullard and M. Cary. A History of Rome
to 325
J.B. Bury. The Later Roman Empire
A.H.M. Jones. The Later Empire
J.J. Norwich. A Short History of Byzantium
E. Gruen. The Last Generation of the Roman
Republic
Michael Crawford. The Roman Republic
Colin Wells. The Roman Empire
Averil Cameron. The Later Roman Empire
67. More Books
M. Gelzer. Caesar
C. Meier. Caesar
A. Everitt. Augustus
E. Gruen. Diaspora: Jews among the
Greeks and Romans
W.G. Kummel. Introduction to the New
Testament
Keith F. Nickle. The Synoptic Gospels
68. And more books….
Joel Carmichael. The Birth of Christianity
A. Schweitzer. The Quest for the Historical
Jesus
W. Barnes Tatum. The Quest for Jesus
M. Grant. Jesus: An Historians Review of the
Gospels
M. Grant. The Jews in the Roman World
M. Grant. St. Paul
E.P. Sanders. The Historical Figure of Jesus
Paula Fredrickson. Jesus of Nazareth King of
the Jews
69. More….
Bart Ehrman. Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of
the New Millenium
Geza Vermes. Jesus the Jew
L. Michael White. From Jesus to Christianity
S.G.F. Brandon. The Trial of Jesus of
Nazareth
Hyam Maccoby. Mythmaker: Paul and the
Invention of Christianity
Morton Smith. Jesus the Magician
70. And yet more…
www.etsu.edu/cas/history/religionsbib.htm
R. Helms. Gospel Fictions
R. Helms. Who Wrote the Gospels
H.Y. Gamble. The Canon of the New
Testament
D.A. Carson. The King James Debate:
A plea for realism