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The Distinguished Visitors Program The Future of Software The Distinguished Visitors Program Engineering Education The Future of Software ➡ Introduction Software is critical to The Challenges Engineering Education strategic advances Future Trends Yet software success rates Dr. Jorge L. Díaz-Herrera Conclusions are disproportionally low! professor and president Keuka College, New York, USA founded in 1890 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 2The Distinguished Visitors Program The Distinguished Visitors Program Software is critical to Yet software success rates strategic advances are disproportionally low! Software has become the bottom line Horror stories of colossal Sw project for many organizations, even those failures abound who never envisioned themselves to US$150B/year from project failures in US, be in the software business with a further US$140 billion in EU Deploy new products and services How did we get here? Accommodate growing demand for new features Unprecedented demand Connect products in unexpected ways Exploit rapidly changing technology Unforeseen problems Gain a competitive edge Unqualified professionals©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 3 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 4

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The Distinguished Visitors Program Unforeseen The Distinguished Visitors Program No Physical Problems Limitations Inherent Difficulties Software is governed by real software turned out surprisingly constraints, but these tend to be complex and very easy to change multidimensional and abstract Unrealistic expectations: If I tell you that I’m going to build a 1000 meter Accidental Difficulties long concrete beam suspended at one end only, will Software development methods and you believe me? tools have become major traps! Of course no, you know it can’t be physically done! But, anything and everything is * Fred Brooks, No Silver Bu!et, C.ACM 1987 possible is software!©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 5 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 6The Distinguished Visitors Program The Distinguished Visitors Program Unforeseen Changeability Problems “People believe software to be Customer needs Designers unable to flexible, and therefore they flex it. understand requirements Developers unable to They flex it beyond reasonable Requirements Design implement design boundaries" (J. Millar) get lost Developers unable to Development manage the “pieces” Inability to visualize its boundaries encourages Design corrupted as problems fixed people to change their mind more frequently Testing Developers unable to fix found problems Excessive requests for new features or alteration Patches slipped in when no one looking of functions introduce unnecessary and Deployment People can’t use system undesirable complexity Buggy software passed on Wrong solution delivered©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 7 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 8

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The Distinguished Visitors Program The Distinguished Visitors Program Unqualified Cobb’s Paradox Professionals "We know why projects fail, Professionalism is absent we know how to prevent their failure Education for practitioners is lacking –so why do they still fail?" Project management importance is not M. Cobb, Canada Treasury well understood and underrated Risk management is not applied effectively Research is not reaching the practitioner©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 9 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 10The Distinguished Visitors Program The Future of Software The Distinguished Visitors Program Improving SwE Engineering Education Practice √ Introduction We argue that the software engineering community could have a➡The Challenges significant impact on the future of the Future Trends discipline by focusing its efforts on improving the education of software Conclusions engineers. There are some bright spots There remain several key challenges©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 11 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 12

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The Distinguished Visitors Program The Distinguished Visitors Program SwE Challenge The Challenges Put a process in place supported by 1) make programs attractive to students methods, techniques, & tools to 2) focus education appropriately facilitate creation & continued dev. of 3) communicate industrial reality effectively software ... A difficult task Technical problems (Complicated artifacts) 4) define curricula that are forward-looking Human factors (communication problems) 5) provide education for existing practitioners Economics aspects (Labor-intensiveness) 6) make education more evidence-based Uncertain information (Incomplete theory) Unstable and unpredictable quality 7) ensure educators have essential knowledge Conflicting project goals 8) raise prestige and quality of SwE research©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 13 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 14The Distinguished Visitors Program The Distinguished Visitors Program (1) Programs’ appeal Professional Entry Educational Background of Professional-level IT Workers Making programs attractive to appeal In ALL engineering disciplines a 100% Other to good students and meet societal corresponding BS degree is required. 90% Business demand Social Sciences 80% Of professional 70% Mathematics level IT workers Negative stereotypes tend to focus particularly 60% Natural Sciences who hold bachelors or hard on SwE 50% Engineering higher level degrees, other than 87.5% Many bright mathematical minds interested in 40% Computer and Systems Engineering hold degrees in science, math computing tend to be attracted to CS not SwE 30% IT Degrees, including: Computer & information sciences, general or engineering The somewhat-true perception that SwE is much 20% Computer science Computer systems analysis about process and not technical enough Information services and systems 10% Other computer and information sciences Computer and systems engineering software quality is very bad ... 0% Professional Level IT Computer programming Workers©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 15 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 16

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The Distinguished Visitors Program 100% 90% Educational Background of Professional-level IT Workers Other Business Social Sciences 2) Focus Education The Distinguished Visitors Program Knowledge 80% Appropriately Spectrum Of professional 70% Mathematics level IT workers who hold 60% Natural Sciences bachelors or higher level 50% Engineering degrees, other than 87.5% Computer and Systems Engineering hold degrees 40% in science, math IT Degrees, including: or engineering 30% Computer & information sciences, general Computer science 20% Computer systems analysis Information services and systems 10% Other computer and information sciences Computer and systems engineering Computer programming 0% Professional Level IT Workers Social and economic issues Understanding SwE dimensions so we can focus education appropriately Politics & Law Psychology, sociology What are the different educational Economics needs of practice theory Engineering Engineering Engineering Production computer scientists, computer engineers, Science Science Design Technology Installation networking engineers, software engineers, information systems, Industrial design and web site developers, games developers, real- Architecture time systems developers, etc? Art Human factors©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 17 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 18The Distinguished Visitors Program Technical The Distinguished Visitors Program Computing Professions Knowledge Social and economic issues Social and economic issues Provides end-user • Symbols & abstractions Politics & Law Politics & Law solutions • Computability Theory Psychology, • Development environments • Switching Theory Psychology, sociology • Implementation standards • Information Theory sociology Discovers, creates new • V&V; Syst. Prototypes • Algorithms and complexity theories and principles Economics Technologist theory Economics Scientist Engineer practice practice theory theory Engineering Engineering Engineering Production Engineering Engineering Engineering Production Science Science Science Design Technology Installation Science Design Technology Installation Industrial Industrial • Syst. Admin. Designs new artifacts applying • System Software design design • Design Process • Strategic planning engineering principles • Information Storage • Analysis & • End-user support and science Architecture • Computer Architecture Architecture Design Methods • Computer and • Measurements Art Communications Art Systems Human factors Human factors©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 19 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 20

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report on degree programs in information technology is under development. We anticipate that it will be published in 2006 and thus refer to it as IT2006. The diagram in Figure 1.1 represents the scope of what has become the Computing Curricula Series, a continuing effort to provide guidelines and standards for computing curricula. The top-level Overview block, CC2005, represents this report. Each of the first five sub-blocks represents a curriculum report for one of the Visitors Program Computing CurriculaThe Distinguishedexisting computing disciplines. The sixth sub-block is a placeholder for future reports on additional computing disciplines as necessitated by the emergence of new computing disciplines. Online The Distinguished Visitors Program A Computing copies of the computing curricula volumes can be found at http://www.acm.org/education/curricula.html Project (ACM/IEEE) and http://computer.org/curriculum. Spectrum CC2005 The Overview Volume on Undergraduate Degree Programs in Computing Software Engineering Currently CC2001 IS 2002 SE 2004 CE 2004 IT2006 Other (CS2001) curriculum Computer Science Information Systems under Software Engineering Computer Engineering Information Technology volumes as needed for Curriculum Curriculum Curriculum Curriculum Curriculum emerging Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume disciplines revision http://www.computer.org/education Figure 1.1. Structure of the Computing Curricula Series©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 21 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 22 1.4. Guiding Principles Five principles guided the development of this report.The Distinguished Visitors Program 1. The dramatic growth in the number of computing disciplines and their collective impact on society The Distinguished Visitors Program Computer Computer Science requires that the computing disciplines articulate a shared identity. Given the importance of computing to society, we in computing have a responsibility to help society understand what we do. The fact that computing offers several kinds of academic programs is a major strength and an opportunity but requires that we offer society a practical vision of our shared field, of the various Engineering disciplines within it, and of the meaningful choices that face students, educators, and their communities. The goal of this report is to articulate the shared identity, the separate identities of each computing discipline, and the choices available to students, educators, and communities. Page 7©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 23 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 24

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The Distinguished Visitors Program The Distinguished Visitors Program Information Information Systems Technology©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 25 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 26The Distinguished Visitors Program 3) Communicate The Distinguished Visitors Program 4) Define Forward- Industrial Reality looking Curricula How to improve the synergy and Defining curriculum standards that communication between industry and are forward-looking academia? How can we achieve the level of understanding of What industrial practices are currently not being industry practice necessary to create forward- taught? looking curricula, taking into account academic constraints? How effective are these practices? What curriculum innovations should be Which should be taught to undergraduates? considered? Industrial Advisory Boards School and program levels©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 27 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 28

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The Distinguished Visitors Program The Distinguished Visitors Program Currently November/December 2006 IEEE SOFTWARE 19 under revision©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 29 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 30The Distinguished Visitors Program The Distinguished Visitors Program 5) Educating SwE 2004 structure Practitioners Software Engineering Education Knowledge (SEEK) Provide education for existing practitioners Guiding principles (11) “education, rather than technology, holds the key to improvements in software project success rates,” Student educational outcomes (7) “Education is required at all levels, from senior directors to end users.” A set of general guidelines (19) to help curriculum “The levels of professionalism observed in software designers and educators engineering are generally lower than those in other Model curricula (suggestions for how courses can branches of engineering,” be grouped) The Challenges of Complex IT Projects Sample course descriptions (to which suggested A report by members of the Royal Academy of SEEK coverage is described) Engineering and the British Computer Society©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 31 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 32

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The Distinguished Visitors Program Certification and The Distinguished Visitors Program Certified Software Licensing Development Professional Vary from country to country International, IEEE-CS established Alignment to SWEBOK Obtaining an engineering license now Exam based on SE2004 guidelines available to software engineers in some Test sites on all continents US states, and all Canadian Provinces http://www.computer.org/portal/web/certification/csdp in the UK the British Computer Society and The Institution of Engineering and Technology offer Chartered status to suitably qualified and experienced members©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 33 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 34The Distinguished Visitors Program The Distinguished Visitors Program Preparation Other Challenges CSDP Online Course 6) make education more evidence- CSDP Workbook: A Self-Study Guide for Todays Software Professional - new publication based CSDP Resource Guide -3rd edition now available 7) ensure educators have essential Instructor Led Courses knowledge CSDP Registered Education Providers CSDP Registered Preparation Materials 8) raise prestige and quality of SwE Sample Test Questions research Compilation of Software Engineering Terms Recommended References CSDP Study Group Forum (yahoo: ieee-csdp)©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 35 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 36

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The Distinguished Visitors Program The Future of Software The Distinguished Visitors Program SwE Education Engineering Education √ Introduction Initially as a sub-discipline of CS √ The Challenges 1970s: Masters programs appeared➡ Future Trends 1990’s: Explosion of progress BS degrees in US, Canada, UK, Australia, etc. Conclusions Ph.D. programs separate from CS (e.g., CMU Research Disseminate Practice Ph.D. programs MS programs BS programs©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 37 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 38The Distinguished Visitors Program The Distinguished Visitors Program SwE Coming of Age What Works Cooperation ACM, IEEE, BSC, JIS, IFIP, ... Industrial strength engineering: Code of Ethics Cataloguing known solutions & systematic, strategic reuse via product lines Body of Knowledge (SwEBoK) Project Management: Educational Accreditation Criteria Adherence to basic, well-established engineering Separate curriculum vol. (SE2004) management principles BS, MS and Ph.D. programs Security Engineering: Licensing & Registration Legislation A rigorous engineering practice where security concerns are dealt with at each stage of the Professional Examination (IEEE CSDP) process©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 39 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 40

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The Distinguished Visitors Program Industrial Strength The Distinguished Visitors Program Project Management: Engineering The Role of Process Even the finest people can’t perform at their best when the process is not understood or not operating at its best. The Role of Process Everyone realizes the importance of having a motivated, PEOPLE quality work force and the latest technology, but even the finest people can’t perform at their best when TECHNOLOGY the process is not Systematic, Strategic Reuse PROCESS understood or operating at its best.©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 41 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 42 © 2005 by Carnegie Mellon University CMMI Overview Page 9The Distinguished Visitors Program The Distinguished Visitors Program The Future of Software Security Engineering Engineering Education Based at individual engieer/team √ Introduction PSP/TSP: Framework for disciplined √ The Challenges production of quality software Produce one or two orders of magnitude fewer √ Future Trends defects than current practice. 0.02 defects/KSLOC vs. 2 defects/KSLOC ➡ Conclusions If 5% of the defects are potential security holes, with TSP there would be 1 vulnerability per MSLOC.©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 43 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 44

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The Distinguished Visitors Program The Distinguished Visitors Program Conclusions Conclusions Software Quality issues with have Computing is its own discipline their root cause in human error. separate from math, science, & engineering These in turn arise from inadequate education Computing is its own Faculty SwE Is NOT “Engineering” the Computing School with its own dean & Software Engineering is a different kind of academic standards engineering, one that has to do with socio- technical systems Similarly, Computer Science is NOT Science Computing THE Discipline of the 21st Century©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 45 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 46The Distinguished Visitors Program The Distinguished Visitors Program Discussion & Q/A References [1] P. Naur & B. Randell (Eds) Software Engineering: Report on a Conference Sponsored by the NATO Science Committee (7 – 11 October 1968). 1969. [2] Model Law (1986) prepared by the USA National Council of Engineering Examiners. [3] IEEE Standards Collection: Software Engineering, IEEE Standard 610.12-1990, IEEE, 1993. [4] Speed, J., Software Engineering, Licensure Exchange, Texas Board of Professional Engineers, 2 (3), June, 1998:1-16. [5]Parnas, D. L. & M. Soltys “Basic Science for Software Developers.” Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. [6] Accreditation policy and procedure manual. Baltimore, MD: ABET, Inc., November 2000. (http://www.abet.org/images/policies.pdf ) [7] MIT Design Laboratory. http://design.mit.edu/ (Accessed July 10, 2006) [8] Moore, J. Software Engineering Standards. IEEE-CS Press, 1998. Gracias!!©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 47 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 48

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The Distinguished Visitors Program The Distinguished Visitors Program References –2 References –3 [9] Bryant, A. “It’s Engineering Jim … but not as we know it.” [15] Jacobson, I. “Succeeding with Objects: Reuse in Reality.” Object Magazine (July 1996):94-96. International Conference in Software Engineering, Limerick, Ireland, 2000:78-87. [16] Díaz-Herrera, H. Chen and R. Alam.“An Isomorphic Mapping for SpecC in UML.” Lecture Notes in Informatics German Society of Informatics. 2002. [10] SEI Report on Undergraduate Software Engineering Education [17] Paulk, M. C., Curtis, B., Chrisis, M. B., and C. V. Weber. “Capability Maturity (CMU/SEI-90-TR-003) Model, Version 1.1,” IEEE Software, Vol. 10, No 4, July 1993:18-27. [11] McIlroy, D. “Mass produced software components.” NATO Conf. [18] Humphrey, W. S. A discipline for Software Engineering. Addison-Wesley, MA: 1995 On Software Engineering. (1968):138-155. [19] Humphrey, W. S. Introduction to the Team Software Process. Addison-Wesley, MA: 2000. [12] Weiss, D. M. & C. T. R. Lai. Software Product-Line Engineering. [20] http://www.sei.cmu.edu/appraisal-program/profile/about.html (Accessed (Addison-Wesley, MA. 1999) 4/1/2006) [13] Cohen, S., et al. Product Line Identification for ESC-Hanscom. [21] Brown, A. W. and K. C. Wallnau. The Current State of CBSE. IEEE Software (1998). (CMU/SEI-95-SR-024, Pittsburgh, Pa.: Software Engineering Institute, [22] van Solingen, Rini. Measuring the ROI of Software Process Improvement. IEEE Carnegie Mellon University. 1995) Software, May/June 2004: 32-38. [14] Withey, J. Investment Analysis of Software Assets for Product [23] G. Böckle, et al. Calculating ROI for Software Product Lines. IEEE Software, May/ Lines. (CMU/SEI-96-TR-010. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Software Engineering June 2004: 23-31. Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. 1996)©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 49 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 50