Beyond the US college student’s brain: A survey of priorities across geography and age

1. A survey of brain-based priorities across geography and age

2. Welcome to Day 2! Sponsors

3. Beyond the US college student’s brain: A survey of priorities across geography and age Chaired by: Dr. Olivier Oullier, Professor of Behavioral and Brain Sciences at Aix-Marseille University Eduardo Briceño, CEO of Mindset Works Dr. Graeme Moffat, Director of Scientific & Regulatory Affairs at InteraXon Tara Thiagarajan, Managing Director of Madura Microfinance

8. Copyright © Mindset Works, Inc. -Your intelligence issomething you can't change very much. -You can learn new things, but you can't really change your basic intelligence - No matter who you are,you can change your intelligence alot. fixed mindset growth mindset

11. Copyright © Mindset Works, Inc. Mindset effect on reading Claro, Paunesku, & Dweck, in prep. 0% 10% 20% 30% Fixed Intermediate Growth Mindset Students Scoring in Top 20% Students in a Growth Mindset were 3x more likely to score in the top fifth!

13. Copyright © Mindset Works, Inc. Learning & improving Positive Seeks challenges Resilient Learning-oriented As lessons & inspiration Situations & motivations Educate, compromise Higher resilience Looking smart Negative Avoids challenges Helpless Defensive As threats Fixed traits Punish, retaliate Higher depression Growth Goal View of effort Challenge-seeking Response to setbacks Response to criticism Views others’ success Attributes wrong-doing to Response to wrong-doing Upon life challenges Fixed Why? resultsbelief behavior

15. Copyright © Mindset Works, Inc. Example Growth Mindset in Action Warren Buffett & Charlie Munger “Warren Buffett has become a lot better investor since the day I met him, and so have I. If we had been frozen at any given stage, with the knowledge we had, the record would have been much worse than it is. So the game is to keep learning.” - Charlie Munger “I just sit in my office and read all day.”… “Read 500 pages like this every day. That's how knowledge builds up, like compound interest.” - Warren Buffett

16. Copyright © Mindset Works, Inc. People who think good negotiators are made (vs. born): Persevere in a tough negotiation Create more collective value Capture more value Negotiation Skills Kray, Laura J., and Michael P. Haselhuhn (2007), "Implicit Negotiation Beliefs and Performance: Experimental and Longitudinal Evidence", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 49-64. Good negotiators are made Good negotiators are born

17. Copyright © Mindset Works, Inc. Leadership Skills People who learn that leaders are made (vs born), experience: Higher confidence in their ability to lead Lower anxiety and depression-like symptoms Higher leadership performance Hoyt, C. L., Burnette, J., & Innella, A. (2012). I can do that: The impact of implicit theories on leadership role model effectiveness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38, 257-268.

18. Copyright © Mindset Works, Inc. Asked people in different fields questions like: “If you want to succeed in [discipline], hard work alone just won’t cut it; you need to have an innate gift or talent.” “When it comes to [discipline] the most important factors for success are motivation and sustained effort; raw ability is secondary.” Effects on Diversity S.-J. Leslie, A. Cimpian, M. Meyer, E. Freeland. Expectations of brilliance underlie gender distributions across academic disciplines. Science, 2015; 347 (6219): 262 DOI: 10.1126/science.1261375

19. Copyright © Mindset Works, Inc. Field’s Mindset vs % Women Meyer M, Cimpian A and Leslie S-J (2015) Women are underrepresented in fields where success is believed to require brilliance. Front. Psychol. 6:235. Growth Fixed

21. Copyright © Mindset Works, Inc. Growth Mindset & Health Adults who learn that body weight is malleable, experience: More effective self-regulation after dieting setbacks Greater weight-loss Burnette, J. L. (2010). Implicit theories of body weight: Entity beliefs can weigh you down. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(3), 410-422. High school freshmen who learn that people and circumstances can change, experience: Fewer depression symptoms Yeagert,D.. In preparation

24. Copyright © Mindset Works, Inc. Key Takeaways ∙ A growth mindset leads to higher improvement, performance, relationships and health ∙ The belief (the understanding that we can improve) is necessary for the behaviors ∙ 3 ways to foster growth mindsets are: ∙ Learn that abilities can change ∙ Learn about how to improve ∙ Model learning and foster a learning community

25. Copyright © Mindset Works, Inc. Resources ∙ Happy to share these slides – ebriceno@mindsetworks.com ∙ Book: Mindset, by Carol Dweck, Ph.D. ∙ Growth Mindset TEDx video: The Power of Belief ∙ Mindset Works newsletter: http://community.mindsetworks.com/newsletter ∙ Other resources: http://www.mindsetworks.com/free-resources ∙ Your colleagues!

27. Adjustable 3 Reference Sensors 2 SmartSense Conductive Rubber Ear Sensors Power/Pairing Button LED Lights 2 Charging Ports Muse: the brain sensing headband 2 Forehead Sensors © Interaxon 2015 ChooseMuse.com Graeme Moffat moffat@choosemuse.com

28. Muse: Meditation Made Easy © Interaxon 2015 ChooseMuse.com While you are meditating, you actually hear the sound of your own mind

29. Muse Projects @ choosemuse ChooseMuse.com © Interaxon 2015 ChooseMuse.com

30. © Interaxon 2015 ChooseMuse.com Pervasive consumer neurotechnology

31. Privacy, data ownership: imperative in pervasive neurotech © Interaxon 2015 ChooseMuse.com

32. Frequency (Hz) Power (log10) From difference to population dynamics: EEG power spectrum © Interaxon 2015 ChooseMuse.com

33. From difference to population dynamics: Alpha peak frequency © Interaxon 2015 ChooseMuse.com

34. From difference to population dynamics: Alpha peak frequency & age at very large scale © Interaxon 2015 ChooseMuse.com

35. From difference to population dynamics: Effect of sex & age at very large scale © Interaxon 2015 ChooseMuse.com

36. From difference to population dynamics: Large-scale effects of training (Kovacevic et al. 2015) © Interaxon 2015 ChooseMuse.com

37. Personalized + big neurodata for optimal brain health Individual User data + Machine learning: Repeated measures to refine intervention Consumer-scale neurodata: Population diversity & specificity for overall improved interventions MillionsThousandsTens Truly effective Consumer neurotechnology interventions Platform

38. 7 Billion Brains Tara Thiagarajan

39. Global Brain Diversity What is the extent of difference in the human brain across the planet? What experiential factors drive these differences? How do we cluster along different dimensions?

40. Develop new analytical approaches to extract interesting features of brain activity from EEG recordings and build apps and tools around these. Emotiv EPOCWhat we do

41. Assumes that temporal structure (relative phase information) holds meaning. Our Analytical Approach

42. Brain Profiling Dashboard 31% γ 2.1 Network Connectedness Complexity 72+/- 15% Resting Oscillation Power @12Hz 1042

43. Where We Are Going  Building our database through collaborations across the world  ‘Brain Profiling’ application  Understand relationships to  Disease  Learning styles  Personality  Cognitive Abilities

44. 1700s 200 fold range of incomes Mobility constrained by horse speed No telecommunications Limited energy use (wood, horsepower) Diverging Human Experience 2000s 200 Million fold range of incomes Wide range of mobility Wide range of communications Wide range of energy use

45. 400 people across 48 settlements (populations of 300 to 6 million, 20,000x) 50% male, 50% female Ages spread uniformly across 25-65 Income range $300 to >>$100k per year (~1000x) Informed consent The India Study

46. Income Education Communication Mobility Energy Use [Diet] Recording Life Experience

47. The Experimental Paradigm 3 minutes of spontaneous activity when the participant was still with their eyes closed Using the Emotiv Epoc

48. Temporal Complexity A measure of waveform diversity

49. mean +/- SEM Temporal Complexity Age and gender Age Gender

50. mean +/- SEM Temporal Complexity Gross Experience Income Education Travel

51. Temporal Complexity Two clearly distinct populations <6th grade, Low tech College, High tech

52. Resting Oscillation 15,000 fold difference across participants 8-15 Hz Alpha Band Haves Have Nots (50%) Resting Oscillation Power 5000 1000 0 1500 0 Resting Oscillation Frequency 10 12.5 157.5 %ofParticipants 10 30 20 0 10 30 20 0 %ofParticipants

53. *Note the logarithmic scales Resting Oscillation 15,000 fold difference across participants Education 137 8 9 10 11 126 Log2(Fuel Spend) Fuel 1 Log5(Mobile Usage) 2 3 4 5 6 Mobile

54. What does it all mean?

55. Sathish Dhanya Aravind Govind Management and staff of Madura Microfinance SciSphere team www.sapienlabs.org tara@sapienlabs.org

56. Summit is on a short “Bio” Break. (we will resume at 10:00am Pacific Time) Chat forums will be available during the Watecooler session

57. To learn more, visit sharpbrains.com

Beyond the US col­lege student’s brain: A sur­vey of pri­or­i­ties across geog­ra­phy and age

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