Beyond the US college student’s brain: A survey of priorities across geography and age

A survey of brain-based priorities
across geography and age

Beyond the US college student’s brain:
A survey of priorities across geography and age
Chaired by: Dr. Olivier Oullier,
Professor of Behavioral and Brain
Sciences at Aix-Marseille University
Eduardo Briceño,
CEO of Mindset Works
Dr. Graeme Moffat,
Director of Scientific &
Regulatory Affairs at InteraXon
Tara Thiagarajan,
Managing Director of
Madura Microfinance

Copyright © Mindset Works, Inc.
Growth Mindset
Effect on Performance & Health
Eduardo Briceño
Co-Founder & CEO, Mindset Works
ebriceno@mindsetworks.com | @eduardobricen0

Carol Dweck, Ph.D.
fixed mindset growth mindset

“It’snot that I’mso smart,
it’sjust that Istay
with theproblem longer.”

-Your intelligence issomething you can't change very much.
-You can learn new things, but you can't really change your basic intelligence
- No matter who you are,you can change your intelligence alot.

Mindset effect on reading
∙ Chilean National Achievement Test
∙ 10th grade test incorporated
Growth Mindset Assessment
n=150,000+
Claro, Paunesku, & Dweck, in prep.

Mindset effect on reading
Claro, Paunesku, & Dweck, in prep.
0%
10%
20%
30%
Fixed Intermediate Growth
Mindset
Students Scoring in Top 20%
Students in a
Growth Mindset were
3x more likely
to score in the
top fifth!

Learning & improving
Positive
Seeks challenges
Resilient
Learning-oriented
As lessons & inspiration
Situations & motivations
Educate, compromise
Higher resilience
Looking smart
Negative
Avoids challenges
Helpless
Defensive
As threats
Fixed traits
Punish, retaliate
Higher depression
Growth
Goal
View of effort
Challenge-seeking
Response to setbacks
Response to criticism
Views others’ success
Attributes wrong-doing to
Response to wrong-doing
Upon life challenges
Fixed
Why? resultsbelief behavior

Growth Mindset in the Workplace

Example Growth Mindset in Action
Warren Buffett &
Charlie Munger
“Warren Buffett has become a lot better
investor since the day I met him, and so
have I. If we had been frozen at any given
stage, with the knowledge we had, the
record would have been much worse than
it is. So the game is to keep learning.”
- Charlie Munger
“I just sit in my office and read all day.”…
“Read 500 pages like this every day. That's
how knowledge builds up, like compound
interest.”
- Warren Buffett

People who think good negotiators are
made (vs. born):
Persevere in a tough negotiation
Create more collective value
Capture more value
Negotiation Skills
Kray, Laura J., and Michael P. Haselhuhn (2007), "Implicit Negotiation Beliefs and Performance:
Experimental and Longitudinal Evidence", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 49-64.
Good negotiators
are made
Good negotiators
are born

Leadership Skills
People who learn that leaders are made (vs born),
experience:
Higher confidence in their ability to lead
Lower anxiety and depression-like symptoms
Higher leadership performance
Hoyt, C. L., Burnette, J., & Innella, A. (2012). I can do that: The impact of implicit theories on leadership role model effectiveness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38, 257-268.

Asked people in different fields questions like:
“If you want to succeed in [discipline], hard work
alone just won’t cut it; you need to have an innate
gift or talent.”
“When it comes to [discipline] the most important factors
for success are motivation and sustained effort; raw ability
is secondary.”
Effects on Diversity
S.-J. Leslie, A. Cimpian, M. Meyer, E. Freeland. Expectations of brilliance underlie gender distributions across academic disciplines. Science, 2015; 347 (6219): 262 DOI:
10.1126/science.1261375

Field’s Mindset vs % Women
Meyer M, Cimpian A and Leslie S-J (2015) Women are underrepresented in fields where success is believed to require brilliance. Front. Psychol. 6:235.
Growth Fixed

Growth Mindset in Health

Growth Mindset & Health
Adults who learn that body weight is malleable, experience:
More effective self-regulation after dieting setbacks
Greater weight-loss
Burnette, J. L. (2010). Implicit theories of body weight: Entity beliefs can weigh you down. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(3), 410-422.
High school freshmen who learn that people and
circumstances can change, experience:
Fewer depression symptoms
Yeagert,D.. In preparation

Academics
Health
Sports
Relationships
Workplace
Growth Mindset Implications

Key Takeaways

Key Takeaways
∙ A growth mindset leads to higher improvement,
performance, relationships and health
∙ The belief (the understanding that we can improve)
is necessary for the behaviors
∙ 3 ways to foster growth mindsets are:
∙ Learn that abilities can change
∙ Learn about how to improve
∙ Model learning and foster a learning community

Resources
∙ Happy to share these slides –
ebriceno@mindsetworks.com
∙ Book: Mindset, by Carol Dweck, Ph.D.
∙ Growth Mindset TEDx video: The Power of Belief
∙ Mindset Works newsletter:
http://community.mindsetworks.com/newsletter
∙ Other resources:
http://www.mindsetworks.com/free-resources
∙ Your colleagues!

www.mindsetworks.com
THANK YOU!
Eduardo Briceño
@eduardobricen0
by Oregon Department of Transportation

Adjustable
3 Reference Sensors
2 SmartSense
Conductive Rubber
Ear Sensors
Power/Pairing
Button
LED
Lights
2 Charging
Ports
Muse: the brain sensing headband
2 Forehead
Sensors
© Interaxon 2015
ChooseMuse.com
Graeme Moffat
moffat@choosemuse.com

Muse: Meditation Made Easy
© Interaxon 2015
ChooseMuse.com
While you are meditating,
you actually hear
the sound of your own mind

Muse Projects
@ choosemuse ChooseMuse.com © Interaxon 2015
ChooseMuse.com

© Interaxon 2015
ChooseMuse.com
Pervasive consumer neurotechnology

Privacy, data ownership:
imperative in pervasive neurotech
© Interaxon 2015
ChooseMuse.com

Frequency (Hz)
Power (log10)
From difference to population dynamics:
EEG power spectrum
© Interaxon 2015
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Alpha peak frequency
© Interaxon 2015
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Alpha peak frequency & age at very large scale
© Interaxon 2015
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Effect of sex & age at very large scale
© Interaxon 2015
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Large-scale effects of training (Kovacevic et al. 2015)
© Interaxon 2015
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Personalized + big neurodata for optimal brain health
Individual User data +
Machine learning:
Repeated measures to
refine intervention
Consumer-scale
neurodata:
Population diversity & specificity
for overall improved interventions
MillionsThousandsTens
Truly effective
Consumer
neurotechnology
interventions
Platform

7 Billion
Brains
Tara Thiagarajan

Global
Brain
Diversity
What is the extent of
difference in the human
brain across the planet?
What experiential factors
drive these differences?
How do we cluster along
different dimensions?

Develop new analytical approaches
to extract interesting features of
brain activity from EEG recordings
and build apps and tools around
these.
Emotiv EPOCWhat
we do

Assumes that
temporal structure
(relative phase
information) holds
meaning.
Our
Analytical
Approach

Brain
Profiling
Dashboard
31%
γ 2.1
Network Connectedness
Complexity
72+/- 15%
Resting Oscillation Power
@12Hz
1042

Where We
Are Going
 Building our database through
collaborations across the world
 ‘Brain Profiling’ application
 Understand relationships to
 Disease
 Learning styles
 Personality
 Cognitive Abilities

1700s
200 fold range of incomes
Mobility constrained by horse speed
No telecommunications
Limited energy use (wood, horsepower)
Diverging
Human
Experience 2000s
200 Million fold range of incomes
Wide range of mobility
Wide range of communications
Wide range of energy use

400 people across
48 settlements (populations of 300
to 6 million, 20,000x)
50% male, 50% female
Ages spread uniformly across 25-65
Income range $300 to
>>$100k per year (~1000x)
Informed consent
The
India
Study

Income
Education
Communication
Mobility
Energy Use
[Diet]
Recording
Life Experience

The
Experimental
Paradigm
3 minutes of spontaneous activity when the
participant was still with their eyes closed
Using the Emotiv Epoc

Temporal
Complexity
A measure of
waveform diversity

mean +/- SEM
Temporal
Complexity
Age and gender
Age Gender

mean +/- SEM
Temporal
Complexity
Gross Experience
Income Education Travel

Temporal
Complexity
Two clearly distinct
populations
<6th grade,
Low tech
College,
High tech

Resting
Oscillation
15,000 fold difference
across participants
8-15 Hz
Alpha Band
Haves
Have Nots (50%)
Resting Oscillation Power
5000 1000
0
1500
0
Resting Oscillation Frequency
10 12.5 157.5
%ofParticipants
10
30
20
0
10
30
20
0
%ofParticipants

*Note the logarithmic scales
Resting
Oscillation
15,000 fold difference
across participants
Education
137 8 9 10 11 126
Log2(Fuel Spend)
Fuel
1
Log5(Mobile Usage)
2 3 4 5 6
Mobile

Sathish
Dhanya
Aravind
Govind
Management and staff of
Madura Microfinance
SciSphere team
www.sapienlabs.org
tara@sapienlabs.org

Summit is on a short
“Bio” Break.
(we will resume at 10:00am Pacific Time)
Chat forums will be available during the Watecooler session

To learn more, visit sharpbrains.com

Beyond the US college student’s brain: A survey of priorities across geography and age

Beyond the US college student’s brain: A survey of priorities across geography and age

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