1. HISTORY OF AUTOMOBILE

2. You must have heard the word Automobile.
Meaning of an automobile can, be auto
car, motor car or car. It is a wheeled motor
vehicle used for transporting goods or
passengers, which also carries its own engine
or motor. The word automobile comes from
the Ancient Greek word (autos, "self") and the
Latin mobilis ("movable"); therefore
automobile means a vehicle that moves itself

3. Development of the automobile started in 1672 with the invention
of the first steam-powered vehicle, which led to the creation of
the first steam-powered automobile capable of human
transportation, built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot in 1769.Inventors
began to branch out at the start of the 19th century, creating
the de Rivas engine, one of the first internal combustion
engines, and an early electric motor. Samuel Brown later tested
the first industrially applied internal combustion engine in 1826.
The Ford Model and Volkswagen Beetle are among the most
mass-produced car models in history.Development was
hindered in the mid-19th century by a backlash against large
vehicles, yet progress continued on some internal combustion
engines. The engine evolved as engineers created two-
and four-cycle combustion engines and began
using gasoline as fuel. Production vehicles began appearing in
1887, when Carl Benz developed a gasoline-powered
automobile and made several identical copies.Recent
automobile production is marked by the Ford Model T, created

4. NOW WE WILL UNDERSTAND IN
DETAILS
Stages of developments in
AUTOMOBILE fuel sources
Steam Engine
Electric engine
Internal Combustion Engine

5. POWER SOURCE
The early history of the automobile was
concentrated on the search for a reliable portable
power unit to propel the vehicle.
 STEAM POWERED VEHICLE
Ferdinand Verbiest, a member of a Jesuit mission
in China, built a steam-powered vehicle around
1672 as a toy for the Kangxi Emperor. It was small-
scale and could not carry a driver but it was, quite
possibly, the first working steam-powered vehicle
('auto-mobile').

6. Steam-powered self-propelled vehicles large enough to
transport people and cargo were first devised in the late 18th
century. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot demonstrated his fardier à
vapeur ("steam dray"), an experimental steam-driven artillery
tractor, in 1770 and 1771. The center of innovation shifted to
Great Britain. By 1784, William Murdoch had built a working
model of a steam carriage in Redruth and in 1801 Richard
Trevithick was running a full-sized vehicle on the roads
in Camborne.
17th and 18th centuries

7. 19th century
During the 19th century, attempts were made to
introduce practical steam-powered vehicles.
Innovations such as hand brakes,
multispeed transmissions and better steering
developed. Some commercially successful vehicles
provided mass transit until a backlash against these
large vehicles resulted in the passage of legislation
such as the UK Locomotive Act (1865), which
required many self-propelled vehicles on public roads
to be preceded by a man on foot waving a red flag and
blowing a horn. This effectively halted road auto
development in the UK

8. In 1816, a professor at Prague Polytechnic, Josef Bozek, built an oil-fired
steam car.Walter Hancock, builder and operator of London steam
busses, in 1838 built a two-seated car phaetonOne of the first "real"
automobiles was produced in 1873 by Frenchman Amédée Bollée in Le
Mans, who built self-propelled steam road vehicles to transport groups
of passengers.The first automobile suitable for use on existing wagon
roads in the US was a steam-powered vehicle invented in 1871 by Dr. J.W.
Carhart, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in Racine,
Wisconsin. It induced the state of Wisconsin in 1875 to offer
a US$10,000 (equivalent to $246,758 in 2021) award to the first to
produce a practical substitute for the use of horses and other animals.
They stipulated that the vehicle would have to maintain an average
speed of more than 8 km/h (5 mph) over a 320 km (200 mi) course. The
offer led to the first city to city automobile race in the US, starting on 16
July 1878 in Green Bay,. While seven vehicles were registered, only two
started to compete: the entries from Green Bay and Oshkosh. The
vehicle from Green Bay was faster but broke down before completing the
race. The Oshkosh finished the 323 km (201 mi) course in 33 hours and
27 minutes and posted an average speed of 9.7 km/h (6 mph). In 1879,
the legislature awarded half the prize

9. 20th century
Steam-powered road vehicles, both cars and wagons, reached
the peak of their development in the early 1930s with fast-
steaming lightweight boilers and efficient engine designs.
Internal combustion engines also developed greatly
during World War I, becoming simpler to operate and more
reliable. The development of the high-speed diesel engine
from 1930 began to replace them for wagons.No significant
developments in the production of steam cars took place
after Doble in 1931.

10. Electric automobiles
Electric cars enjoyed popularity between the late
19th century and early 20th century, when
electricity was among the preferred methods for
automobile propulsion, providing a level of
comfort and ease of operation that could not be
achieved by the gasoline cars of the time.
Advances in internal combustion technology,
especially the electric starter, soon rendered this
advantage moot; the greater range of gasoline
cars, quicker refueling times, and growing
petroleum infrastructure, along with the mass
production of gasoline vehicles by companies
such as the Ford Motor Company, which reduced
prices of gasoline cars to less than half that of
equivalent electric cars, led to a decline in the use
of electric propulsion, effectively removing it from
important markets such as the US by the 1930s

11. Internal combustion engines
 Gas mixtures
The lack of suitable fuels, particularly
liquids, hampered early attempts at
making and using internal combustion
engines therefore some of the earliest
engines used gas mixtures. Several early
experimenters used gases. In 1806, the
Swiss engineer François Isaac de
Rivaz built an engine powered by internal
combustion of
a hydrogen and oxygen mixture.

12. GASOLINE
Nicolaus Otto and Eugen Langen had built a
working engine in 1867. About 1870,
in Vienna, Austria (then the Austro-
Hungarian Empire), inventor Siegfried
Marcus put a liquid-fueled internal
combustion engine on a simple handcart
which made him the first man to propel a
vehicle by means of gasoline. Today, this is
known as "the first Marcus car" but would be
better described as a cart. In 1883, Marcus
secured a German patent for a low-
voltage ignition systemSeveral inventors
developed their own version of practical
automobiles with petrol/gasoline-powered
internal combustion engines in the last two

13. Karl Friedrich Benz, was a German engine designer
and automotive engineer. His Benz Patent
Motorcar from 1885 is considered the first
practical automobile and first car put into series
production.He received a patent for the motorcar in
1886.The world's first ever long distance automobile
trip was undertaken by Bertha Benz using a Model 3.
On the morning of 5 August 1888 Bertha –
supposedly without the knowledge of her husband –
took the vehicle on a 104 km trip from Mannheim
to Pforzheim to visit her mother, In addition she
repaired various technical and mechanical problems.
One of these included the invention of brake lining;
after some longer downhill slopes she ordered a
shoemaker to nail leather onto the brake blocks.
Bertha finally arrived at nightfall, announcing the
achievement to Karl by telegram. It had been her
intention to demonstrate the feasibility of using the

14.  POWER STEARING
The first power-steering system fitted to a production
car debuted in the 1951 Chrysler Imperial, and the
competition quickly followed suit. Not only did
power steering do the obvious—allow the driver to
steer a heavy vehicle with much less effort and
greater comfort—but it also allowed engineers to
improve steering response, which is how quickly the
car changes direction when the driver turns the
wheel. A car without power steering is a significantly
rare thing, but there is one out there: the Alfa Romeo
4C

15. Headlights are an essential part of today's vehicles -
most of us couldn't imagine driving around without
them. But, when was the headlight invented. The
first headlights were invented in the 1880s, around
the time the automobile was invented. However,
headlights were far from standard in these early
vehicles. Without the power of electricity, it was
nearly impossible to build a headlight that worked.
The very first headlights were acetylene lamps.
These contained a small flame, which could
withstand some wind and rain. Electric headlights
were first developed in 1898,In 1900s that electric
headlights became more mainstream.Cadillac created
cars with the first modern electric system, including
electric headlights. In 1913

16. The first prototype was attributed by Karl Benz. Wilhelm
Maybach designed the first honeycomb radiator for the
Mercedes 35hp which was the very first successful
vehicle with a cooling system.In 1941, 300 Cadilacs were
manufactured with an air conditioning system.Chrysler
also produces some of the cars that year with air-
conditioning system.In 1948 the Automotive Refrigerated
Air Conditioning(ARA) Company was first to offer
aftermarket automotive air-conditioning systems.By the
mid-1950s there were more than fifteen companies
offering air-conditioning system in kit form. The 1940
Packard was the first car to offer factory-installed air-
conditioning. By 1969, more than half of all new cars sold
were equipped with A/C

17. DIFFERENTIA
L
The conventional
automobile
differential was
invented in 1827 by a
Frenchman, Onésiph
ore Pecqueur. It was
used first on steam-
driven vehicles and
was a well-known
device when
internal-combustion
engines appeared at
the end of the 19th
century.

18. In 1924, Kelly's Motors in NSW, Australia, installed its
first car radio. In 1930, the American Galvin
Manufacturing Corporation marketed a Motorola
branded radio receiver for $130. It was expensive: the
contemporary Ford Model A cost $540. It was first
developed by the U.S. Department of Defense
in 1973 for use by the United States military, though
an early satellite-based system called TRANSIT had
been in use as early as 19601981: Honda's Electro
Gyrocator was the first commercially available car
navigation system. It used inertial navigation
systems, which tracked the distance traveled, the
start point, and direction headed. It was also the first
with a map display. 1981: Navigation computer on
the Toyota Celica (NAVICOM).

19.  Name:- Alok kumar Vaidya
 Class:-9 F
 Roll no:-07