Quantitative Research

1. Doing
Quantitative
Research for
Beginners
Joel M. Bual, PhD
RBGS Chair, Education
Doctoral Programs
Adapted by:
Alan D. Bautista PhD
Part-time Professor
MAEd and EdD programs

2. What hesitates
or worries you
to do research?

3. The Basics of
Research

4. What is
research?
Research is an organized method of finding
novel or relatively new ideas from the existing
body of knowledge with the help of useful
tools for the purpose of improving
the quality of life (Clemente et al., 2016).
• Research is a continuous and repetitious
pursuit of knowledge to arrive at the truth.
Through research, which is the very core of
learning, new knowledge may be
discovered, and the truth revealed (Uy et
al., 2016)

5. What are the aims of research?
Verification of existing ideas
Acquisition of new knowledge
Application of new knowledge
Advancement of the researcher’s expertise

6. What are the characteristics of research?
Realistic Research is based on Empirical data
Logical Research follows valid, definite principles, frameworks, and procedures.
Cyclical Research starts with a problem and ends with another.
Analytical Research data are analyzed to elicit a desired meaning.
Objective Research must be free of biases and prejudices.
Critical Research must be precise and careful in processing ideas and judgment.
Replicable Research can be repeated.

7. CHRACTERISTICSOFAGOODRESEARCHER
1. Curious. Taking pleasure in reading research journals, in
finding out different trends in research, and in discovering and
learning new things is also a trait of a curious individual.
2. Efficient. They manifest proper use of time, effort, and
resources for an intended purpose.
3. Logical. Researchers follow procedures identified in the
scientific method in finding out answers to their queries.
4. Effective. Being effective means doing the right things.
Researchers must know how to foresee errors so that they can
address them immediately.
5. Active. Researchers always respond to the challenges of the
modern world.

8. CHRACTERISTICSOFAGOODRESEARCHER
6. Practical. They must be aware of other sources of opportunities
to deliver what are expected from their research studies.
7. Inventive. Researchers have novel ideas. If a method is not
feasible, they have alternative procedures to attain the objectives of
the research. They always try to find unique or new ways to handle
difficulties in solving a problem.
8. Honest. Researchers display a high level of intellectual honesty.
They are not swayed to what is expected, but rather to what is true.
Regardless of the results of their investigations, good researchers
report accurately their findings.
9. Cost-effective. Because of the limited resources, successful
researchers make it a point that these resources will not be wasted.

9. What are the types of research?
Basic or pure research is conducted solely to
come up with a new knowledge or to have a fuller
understanding of a particular subject for its own
sake.
Applied research is done to find an application of
the knowledge, whether it be old or new.

10. The three research designs (Creswell & Creswell, 2018)
Qualitative Design Quantitative Design Mixed-Methods
Research Design
Exploring and
understanding the
meaning individuals or
groups ascribe to a social
or human problem
• Phenomenology
• Narrative Inquiry
• Grounded Theory
• Case Study
• Ethnography
Testing objective
theories by examining
the differences and
relationship among
variables using
statistical measures
• Descriptive
• Comparative
• Correlational
• Experimental
Inquiry involving collecting
both quantitative and
qualitative data, integrating
the two forms of data
• Exploratory
• Explanatory
• Convergent
• Complex

11. ASPECTS QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Objective Experiential/Interpretive Numerical
Hypothesis Hypotheses emerge as the study
progresses
Hypotheses are stated at the
onset
Participants/Respondents Small sample/Participants Large sample/ Respondents
Data Collection Unstructured/Interview Structure/Survey questionnaire
Data Analysis Minimal use of statistics/Codes and
categories
Statistical
Output Inconclusive/ no course of action or
output
Conclusive/ With course of action
or output
Generalization Contextualized Generalizable to all
Qualitative vs. Quantitative

13. Qualitative
Hints:
∙ Interviewing experiences on a phenomenon
∙ If the study entails interviewing the particular person or
groups
Examples:
1.Lived experiences of bully students in a Catholic school
2.The views of Catholic school students with single parents
3.Perspectives of non-Catholic students in a Catholic school

14. Quantitative
Hints:
∙ If the study aims to describe the level/extent/degree of something
∙ If the study aims to compare two or more variables
∙ If the study aims to determine the correlation or relationship or two or more
variables.
Examples:
1. The level of quality of safety and security in a Catholic school
2. Assessment of the degree of school climate in public schools
3. The relationship between the stress and academic performance of SHS
students
4. The difference on the teaching competence of private and public schools

15. References
Clemente, R. F. Julaton, A. B. E, & Orleans, A. V. (2016). Research
in Daily Life.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design:
Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage
publications.
Uy C., Cabauatan R., de Castro B., Grajo J. (2016). Quantitative
Research.