This document provides an overview of IoT (Internet of Things), including defining IoT, describing its benefits and applications, reviewing market forecasts, identifying the pillars and infrastructure of IoT, examining underlying technologies like sensors and connectivity standards, exploring challenges, and recommending strategies for success. Key topics covered include defining IoT as the interconnection of people, processes, data and things via devices connected to the internet; analyzing market forecasts with over 200 billion connected devices by 2020 and $1.3 trillion market value; and identifying security, expertise shortages, and standards as major challenges.

1. Ali Nezhad
October 2017

2. Outline
• Define IoT
• Benefits of IoT
• Applications of IoT
• IoT Market Forcasts
• Pillars of IoT
• IoT Reference Model
• IoT infrastructure
• Underlying IoT Technologies
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• A typical IoT Deployment
• Sensors
• LPWAN Technologies
• Big Players in IoT
• IoT Challenges
• Training & Certifications in IoT
• Strategies for Success
• References

3. What is IoT?
• A worldwide network of connected devices.
• Interconnection of people, data, things and processes.
• Processes realize the value of connection between the other 3 elements.
• M2M, P2P, M2P (all bidirectional)
• Harvesting the power of Internet in gathering information from our environment.
• Consumer vs. Industrial IoT
• Wireless Sensors and Actuators are essential to IoT.
• But there are many more aspects to it such as connectivity, data collection and data analytics.
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4. Benefits of IoT
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Real-Time Data Availability
Forecasting Capability
Rapid Response Capability
Process optimization
Resource Consumption Optimization
Automation

5. Some Applications of IoT
• Smart cities
• Smart parking
• Traffic control
• Smart lighting
• Waste management
• Smart agriculture
• Smart irrigation
• Compost monitoring
• Smart Environment
• Landslide detection
• Pollution control
• Industrial applications (IIoT)
• Smart meters
• Silo monitoring
• Predictive maintenance
• Security
• Intrusion detection
• Radiation monitoring
• Retail
• Supply chain automation
• Intelligent shopping
• eHealth
• Patient surveillance
• UV measurement
• Automation
• Remote controlled appliances
• Remote data collection
• Drones
• Robots
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6. Market Forecasts
• More than 200 billion connected objects by 2020. (IDC)
• Worth $1.3 trillion by 2020
• Security investments over $500M by 2018. (Gartner)
• Benefits almost $2Trillion in 2020 alone. (Gartner)
• Investments growing 32% annually until 2022. (Cisco)
• Half of total spending in manufacturing, Retail, Information Services, Finance (Cisco)
Source: Cisco
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7. Pillars of IoT
Cloud & Fog ComputingConnectivity
Security
Data Analytics
App-enabled Network Devices
Automation & Management
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8. IoT Reference Model
Source: IoT World Forum
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9. IoT Infrastructure
Source: Cisco 9

10. Underlying IoT Technologies
Wireless
Connectivity
M2M
Cloud &
Fog
Computing
Big Data
Locating
Short Range: ZigBee, WiFi, BT (BLE),
RFID, 6LoWPAN, ….Long Range: Cellular (LTE, 5G), LPWAN
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11. A Typical IoT Deployment
Source: Libelium 11

12. Sensors
• Various Types
• Analog input, digital output
• Wireless connectivity
• Constrained
• Operating Systems
• MicroControllers
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13. Long Range Wireless Connectivity
Low Power WAN (LPWAN)
• Low bitrates ( ~ kbps)
• Mostly used in unlicensed bands
• Distinct from consumer wireless WAN
Decision Factors
Bandwidth
SizeCoverage
Power
EMI
Security Range
Standards
Frequency
Deployment CostSuppliers
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14. LPWAN Technologies
LoRa
• Sub-GHz
• Spread Spectrum
• GW-based
• MAC: LoRaWAN
SymphonyLink
• Almost open source
• Limited Downlink
• IBM, Cisco, …
SigFox
• Based on UNB
• Popular in Europe
• Infrequent small
bursts of data
• <10Km (Urban)
<50Km (Rural)
• Proprietary
• Limited Downlink
• Tex. Inst., SiliconLabs
NB-IoT
• Cellular
• Popular in Europe
• 3GPP
• No mobility
• No voice
• Very low power
• Little deployments
LTE-M
• Cellular
• Popular in NA
• Mobility support
• Low Latency
• Best Security
• Good BW
• Low power
Consumption
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15. Wireless Technologies
A Comparison
Source: https://www.iotforall.com/lpwan-benefits-vs-iot-connectivity-options/
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16. Big Players
• IoT World Forum includes many more companies
• Cisco, MS, Intel, Dell formed OpenFog consortium.
Cisco
IBM
Intel
Microsoft
GE
Dell
ZigBee
Alliance
VMWare
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17. IoT Challenges
Security
Shortage of expertise
Business model and rational
Integration with current IT infrastructure
Budgeting
Finding a suitable IoT platform
Lack of standards
Integration of sensors & actuators
within the physical environment
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18. Training and Certification
Focus on IT/OT convergence
IT : Concerned with managing connected devices, security, scalability, …
OT: Concerned with the main operations of the business
Microsoft: Focus on Integrating IoT into MS-Azure
Available on EdX.
Cisco: 1- a CCNA option – partner with Rockwell automation
2- a Cisco Industrial Networking Specialist (IMINS)
GE Digital: Optimizing Predix platform
Zigbee DotDot: A universal open source IoT language allowing different devices on heterogeneous
networks to interact.
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19. Strategies for Success
End-to-End
solutions
• Provide a
complete
solution
encompassing
sensors all the
way to user
interface.
Clear business
plans and policies
• 75% of IoT
projects
currently fail
due to lack of
management
interest and
clear IoT
strategies.
Industries
• Development
• Manufacturing
• Consultation
• Service
“… as a Service”
• Sell a service not
a commodity
• Novel
Applications
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20. References
• Cisco Market Research
http://docs.media.bitpipe.com/io_13x/io_138814/item_1588083/Pre
pare%20to%20Succeed%20with%20the%20IoT.pdf
• Internet of Things Agenda, online magazine
• Cisco IoT training curriculum
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