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1.
Saltwater Resources and Commercial
Algae Production
Stephen Mayfield
San Diego Center for Algae Biotechnology
University of California, San Diego
2.
Cyanobacteria Microalgae Macroalgae
Produce biodiesel type
lipids and biohydrogen
Produce sugars for
ethanol or biogas
What are the Types of Aquatic Biomass?
Produce ethanol
Lipids and hydrogen
Lareefs.comTopnews.in
Algae
Any of a group of aquatic eukaryotic
organisms that carry on photosynthesis
Cyanobacteria
Photosynthetic prokaryotes found in many
environments, often called blue-green algae
Red Algae
Green Algae
Brown Algae
Cyanobacteria
3.
Commercial Production in Algae Today
Microalgae
Annual
Production
Water Source
Application &
Product
Price (U.S. $)
Spirulina
3000 tonnes dry
weight
Saltwater
Human Nutrition
Animal Nutrition
Cosmetics
Phycobiliproteins
$53 kg-1
$16 mg-1
Chlorella
2000 tonnes dry
weight
Freshwater and
Saltwater Strains
Human Nutrition
Cosmetics
Aquaculture
$53 kg-1
$74 l-1
Dunaliella salina
1200 tonnes dry
weight
Saltwater
Human Nutrition
Cosmetics
B-carotene $318-$3,186 kg-1
Aphanizomenon
flosaquae
500 tonnes dry
weight
Freshwater
Human Nutrition
Haematocococcus
pluvialis
300 tonnes dry
weight
Freshwater
Aquaculture
Astaxanthin
$74 l-1
$10,596 kg-1
Crypthecodinium
cohnii
240 tonnes DHA
oil
Saltwater
DHA oil $64 g-1
Schizochytrium 10 tonnes DHA oil Saltwater DHA oil $64 g-1
Adapted from: Brennan, L. and Owende, P. (2010) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 14: 557-577.
7.
Robust molecular technologies are
available for a limited set of algae
ER-mCherry mCerulean-NLS
2 color
FACS
ER-mCherry,
mCerulean-NLS
3 color FACS
ER-TS-mCherry,
mCerulean-NLS,
Mito-Venus
X
Mito-Venus
X
A B C D
E
8.
Engineering of the salt water strain D. tertiolecta
for recombinant protein production in chloroplasts
9.
Xylanase
Trichoderma reesei
Mannases
Aspergillus sulphureus
Phytase
Shigella spp or E. coli
Caulobacter crescentus
Alpha-galactosidase
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Trichoderma reesei
Analysis of recombinant industrial enzyme
production in D. tertiolecta
10.
1 - Wild type 5 - Galactosidase
2 - Xylanase 6 - Phytase
3 - Manannase 7 - Phytase
4 - Galactosidase
Comparison of protein accumulation between
C. reinhardtii and D. tertiolecta
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
D. tertiolecta
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
C. reinhardtii
11.
Where do we go from here?
Where do we go from here?
Editor's Notes
Emphasize that we will mostly be focusing on microalgae!