SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 13
Download to read offline
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy                                                         www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.1, No.1, 2011


    Modeling and performance analysis of a small scale direct
     driven PMSG based wind energy conversion systems
                                           C.Janani1* K.Rajambal2

           1. Dept of electrical and electronics engineering, Pondicherry engg college, Pondicherry

           2. Dept of electrical and electronics engineering, Pondicherry engg college, Pondicherry

                                       *jchandramohan2@gmail.com

Abstract
This paper proposes a small scale wind energy conversion system comprising a direct driven PMSG
connected to the grid through a power electronic interface. The variable voltage variable frequency output
from the wind generator is rectified, boosted and converted in to a fixed voltage fixed frequency output.
The boost chopper maintains a constant DC at the inverter terminals. The modulation index of the inverter
is adjusted to extract maximum power from the wind. The system components such as wind turbine,
PMSG, power electronic interface are modeled in MATLAB/SIMULINK .The power flow analysis of the
entire system is carried out for various wind velocities and the effect of duty ratio and modulation index is
studied and optimum duty ratio for maximum power extraction at different wind speeds is found out and
the simulation results are presented
Keywords: wind energy conversion systems, permanent magnet synchronous generator, direct drive.


1. Introduction
          In the recent years, Wind energy conversion systems (WECS) have become a focal point in the
research of renewable energy sources. This is due to the rapid advances in the size of wind generators as
well as the development of power electronics and their applicability in wind energy extraction. The high
installed capacity of today’s wind turbines and decreasing plant costs have shown that wind power can be
competitive with conventional, more heavily polluting fossil fuels in the long term. The higher target is to
achieve 12% of the world’s electricity from wind power by 2020[1].
         . The induction generators are commonly used for low and medium power generations; in such
generation schemes it is found that 25% of overall turbine downtime is due to gear box failures; further the
gearbox requires frequent maintenance and it also increases the weight of the nacelle which in turn
increases the cost [2].The above drawbacks can be overcome in the direct driven wind energy conversion
systems (WECS) by replacing mechanical gearbox systems with power electronic converters[3].By
eliminating the need for a gearbox between the turbine and generator, these systems are less expensive and
also require less maintenance.
        Nowadays Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSG’s) are more attractive for direct
driven wind energy schemes [5], [7] because of its improved performance and decreasing cost. Further the
PMSG has several advantages such as
         •         Higher efficiency and energy yield.
         •         Additional power supply is not needed for the magnet field excitation.
         • Improvement in the thermal characteristics of the PM machine due to the absence of the field
           losses.
         •         Higher reliability due to the absence of mechanical components such as slip rings.
        The voltage of the direct driven PMSG is variable due to the intermittent nature of the wind
energy. Fluctuating voltage and power is of major concern in converter based grid connected wind

8|P a ge
www.iiste.org
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy                                                     www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.1, No.1, 2011

generation systems. These variable speed generators necessitate AC-DC-AC conversion systems [4].
In this paper, a study of small-scale direct driven PMSG suitable for household and community level power
generation is considered. A dynamic model of the wind energy conversion scheme is developed in
MATLAB/SIMULINK. The effect of variation in the duty ratio of the chopper and the modulation index of
the inverter on the power output of the generator are analyzed for different wind speeds. The grid
integration of the Wind Generator and the study of Active power export and RKVAR requirement under
various wind velocities are carried out. A reactive VAR compensator for the improvement of reactive
power is designed and incorporated in the system


2. Modeling of system components
         In the scheme shown in fig 1, the output of the generator varies with wind velocity and the
maximum power occurs at a particular rotational speed for a given wind velocity. The optimum speed is
achieved by varying the duty ratio of the chopper and the maximum power is fed to the grid at required
voltage and frequency using an inverter.


2.1 Wind turbine model
The power, pwind in the air flow is expressed as [8]
Pwind = 1/2ρ av3                       (1)
Where,
A = area swept by the blades [m2]
Ρ = air density [kg/m2]
V = wind velocity [m/s]
The mechanical power captured by the wind turbine is
Written as
Pt = 0.5ρ a cp (λ, β) v3               (2)
The tip speed ratio is defined as
Λ = ωr*r/v                             (3)
Where,
R=rotor radius[m]
ωr = angular velocity [rad/s]
Cp=coefficient of power conversion
The power coefficient is a nonlinear function of the tip speed ratio λ and the blade pitch angle β (in
degrees). If the swept area of the blade and the air density are constant, the value of cp is a function of λ
and it is maximum at the particular λopt. Hence, to fully utilize the wind energy, λ should be maintained at
λopt , which is determined from the blade design. Then
          Pturbine = 0.5ρ A cpmaxv3           (4)


2.2 PMSG model
Dynamic modeling of PMSG can be described in d-q reference system as follows [9], [10],[11]:


Vg q = - (R g + p Lq) iq – ωe Ld id + ωe ѱf   (5)
Vg d = -(R g + p Ld) id – ωe Lq iq            (6)


9|P a ge
www.iiste.org
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy                                                        www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.1, No.1, 2011

Where, R g is the stator resistance, Lq and Ld are the inductances of the generator on the d and q axis, ѱf is
the permanent magnetic flux and ωe is the electrical rotating speed of the generator, defined by ωr ωr = pn
ωm                          (7)
Where, pn is the number of pole pairs of the generator and ωm is the mechanical angular speed. In order to
complete the mathematical model of the PMSG, the expression for the electromagnetic torque can be
described as [10]
Te = 3/2 Pn[(Ld – Lq) id iq - ѱf iq]    (8)
If id = 0, the electromagnetic torque is expressed as:
Te = - 3/2 pn ѱf iq                     (9)


2.3 Power conditioning system
The overall function of the power conditioning system (PCS) is to convert the variable amplitude and
variable frequency three-phase output voltage from the generator to a fixed amplitude and fixed
frequency single-phase ac voltage. The power conditioning system used for connecting the individual WTG
to the distribution grid requires the flexible, efficient and reliable generation of high quality electric power.
The PCS consists of a diode bridge rectifier, a boost chopper and a single phase inverter. Figure 2 shows
the circuit diagram of the power conditioning system
. The output from the PMSG is rectified using a three-phase rectifier whose output voltage Vrec is given by
Vrec =1.65Vm                   (10)
If ignore the losses of diodes, diode rectifier does not change the power. It only uses to convert AC to DC.
The output from the diode bridge rectifier is fed to the boost chopper. Figure 3 shows the circuit diagram of
the boost converter used in the PCS. The standard unidirectional topologies of the DC-DC boost converter
or chopper in Figure. 3.a consist of a switching-mode power device containing basically two
semiconductor switches (a rectifier diode and a power transistor with its corresponding anti-parallel
diode) and two energy storage devices (an inductor and a smoothing capacitor) for producing an
output DC voltage at a level greater than its input DC voltage. This converter acts as an interface
between the full-wave rectifier bridge and the Voltage Source Inverter, by employing pulse-width
modulation (PWM) control techniques. Figure 3.b shows control diagram of the boost chopper.
 The input to the boost converter is the variable DC voltage output from the PMSG / rectifier circuit. The
boost converter controls its output voltage to a fixed dc voltage range as required by the inverter stage.
Note that the input voltage used is dictated by the voltage range expected from the generator /
rectifier circuit..The power generated by a wind turbine typically varies in Proportion to the cube of its
rotational speed. Both the voltage vs. Speed characteristic of the Generator and power vs. Speed
characteristic of the turbine are considered when specifying the component values in the boost converter
circuit. The boost converter is widely used and has been designed to operate in continuous
conduction mode, which results in a simple relationship between the input and output
Voltage:
                      Vout = Vin/(1-duty ratio)          (11)
This equation neglects the resistance of the inductor, and the small voltage drop across the diode
and switch, but demonstrates the relationship between the duty ratio and output voltage as the input
voltage varies.
The boost converter is also used to implement another important function ,the ability to track the
maximum power operating point of the turbine in given wind conditions [12],[13]. This is achieved by
adjusting the duty ratio of the boost converter using a perturbation .the effect of duty cycle for various input
voltages is shown in the figure 4. From the figure the optimum duty ratio for various input voltages can be
found out. The method is based on the observed system power output only with no external
measurement of wind speed necessary. If the duty ratio adjustment leads to an increase in output


10 | P a g e
www.iiste.org
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy                                                      www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.1, No.1, 2011

power, then the duty ratio is again adjusted in the same direction (provided the output voltage
remains within a pre-specified range). If it leads to a decrease in output power, the duty ratio is adjusted
in the opposite direction. Stand alone systems will normally have the fixed dc bus rigidly fixed by the
presence of batteries. However, grid connected systems will generally have no battery storage, thus the
“fixed” dc bus can vary as the duty cycle is altered. The inverter circuit must compensate for this
variation to ensure that the ac voltage output remains at a fixed amplitude and frequency.
Therefore the input to the inverter must be maintained constant irrespective of changes in the input voltage
of the boost chopper. So a PI controller is incorporated with this boost chopper circuit to maintain its output
constant by tuning it[6]. The values of proportional gain (kp) and integral gain (ki) used in the pi controller
are:
                  Kp=0.01
                  Ki=1.
The constant output of the boost chopper is fed to a single phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). In a VSI
the input source is a voltage which is stored in DC link capacitor. This inverter chops the input DC voltage
and generates an AC voltage with desired magnitude and frequency with respect to pulse patterns and
modulation techniques different current and voltage control techniques have been proposed to generate a
high voltage high current rectangular waveform based on reference waveforms characteristics[15]


3. Simulation results and discussions
The performance of the proposed method was firstly evaluated by MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation. The
wind turbine power characteristics are drawn for various wind velocities and it is found that at the wind
velocity of 8 m/s maximum power is extracted by the wind turbine which is shown in figure 5.
Under rated conditions the output voltage , current and torque of the generator are recorded and shown in
the figures 7 and 8. It is found that at the rated speed of 400rpm, the out put phase voltage of the generator
is 99V , the output current is 15A.
3.1 Dynamic results
The dynamic results of the PCS at different output voltages of the generator are recorded and shown in
figures 9, 10, 11. It is found that with the varying wind velocity the output voltage of the generator varies
which in turn varies the output voltage of the rectifier,chopper and inverter. But the input voltage of the
inverter must be maintained constant so as to send constant voltage to the grid, hence to maintain constant
voltage at the input of the inverter a PI controller is incorporated in the boost chopper which maintains
constant chopper output voltage irrespective of changes in wind velocity. The dynamic results of the PCS
without PI controller and with PI controller are shown in figure 12 and figure 13, it is inferred from the
waveform that the PI controller maintains constant chopper output tvoltage even if the wind velocity varies
and hence ensures constant power flow to the grid irrespective of variations in wind velocity
3.2 Power flow analysis
The power flow analysis for the entire system is carried out and a switched capacitor compensator is
designed for reactive power compensation, since most loads are inductive and consumes lagging reactive
power, the compensation required is usually supplied by leading reactive power. The most common form of
leading reactive power compensation is by connecting shunt capacitors to the line. The active and reactive
power transport at various wind velocities is carried out and the results are presented in the figures 14 and
figure 15.
1
2   4. Conclusion
In this paper the dynamic model of a grid connected direct driven PMSG based wind electric generator is
presented. A power electronic interface comprising an AC-DC-AC converter is used to maintain the DC
bus voltage constant for different wind velocities and to extract maximum power from the wind. The


11 | P a g e
www.iiste.org
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy                                                       www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.1, No.1, 2011

simulation results are presented for various wind velocities and the effect of variations in duty ratio of the
chopper is investigated. The optimum duty ratio for various wind velocities is identified and the results are
discussed. The power flow analysis for the entire system is carried out and a switched capacitor
compensator is designed for the improvement of reactive power.

                                                                                  APPENDIX

                                                                 Parameters of the turbine

    PARAMETERS                                         RATINGS

    Rated power                                        2KW

    Rated wind speed                                   8m/s

    Air density                                        1.2kg/m3

    No of blades                                       3

    Blade diameter                                     2m

    Gear ratio                                         1

3

4                                                                Parameters of the generator:

    PARAMETERS                                         RATINGS

    Rated power                                        2KW

    Rated speed                                        400rpm

    No of poles                                        18

    Rated voltage                                      99V

    Rated current                                      15A
     5
References
6 Kajogbola R. Ajao & Modupe R. Mahamood Wind Energy Conversion System: The Past, The Present
And The Prospect Journal of American Science 2009;5(6):17-22
7 Rajveer Mittal, K.S.Sandu, D.K.Jain ,Isolated Operation of Variable Speed Driven PMSG for Wind
Energy Conversion System IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No.3,
August, 2009 ISSN: 1793-8236
J. Darbyshire and C. V. Nayar, “Modelling, simulation, and testing of grid connected small scale wind
systems,” in Proc. Australasian Univ. Power Eng. Conf. (AUPEC), Dec. 2007, pp. 1–6
Haining Wang, Chem Nayar, Control and Interfacing of a Grid-Connected Small-Scale Wind Turbine
Generator Senior Member, IEEE, Jianhui Su, and Ming Ding IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY
CONVERSION, VOL. 26, NO. 2, JUNE 2011
Ming Y., Gengyin L., Ming Z., Chengyong Z., Modeling of the Wind Turbine with a Permanent Magnet
Synchronous Generator for Integration, Proc. of IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, June
2007.

12 | P a g e
www.iiste.org
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy                                                  www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.1, No.1, 2011

A. Macready and C. Coates, “Low cost wind turbine controller,” in Proc. Australasian Univ. Power
Eng. Conf.(AUPEC), Dec. 2007, pp. 1–5.
H. Sharma, S. Islam, T. Pryor, and C. V. Nayar, “Power quality issues in a wind turbine driven induction
generator and diesel hybrid autonomous grid,” J. Elect. Electron. Eng., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 19–25, 2001.
Gautam Poddar, Aby Joseph, and A.K.Unnikrishnan ,“Sensorless Variable-Speed Wind Power Generator
With Unity-Power-Factor Operation,” IEEE Trans.Ind. Electron, vol. 50, pp. 1007-1015 , Oct 2003.
Ming Yin, Gengyin Li, Ming Zhou and Chengyong Zhao, “Modelling of the Wind Turbine with a
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Integrat,” Power Engineering Society Genera Meeting,
2007. IEEE, pp. 1-6, June 2007.
Yao Weizheng, Kinglon Woo, Zhao Ruijie, Guo Wei, and Wang Yue, “Analyze of current control strategy
based on vector Control for Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator in Wind Power System,” Power
Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2009. IPEMC '09.IEEE 6th International, pp. 2209-2212, May
2009.
De Broe, S. Drouilhet, and V. Gevorgian, “A Peak Power Tracker for Small Wind Turbines in Battery
Charing Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 14, pp, 1630-1635, 1999.
Barote, L.; Marinescu, C.; Georgescu, M.: VRB modeling for storage in stand-alone wind energy systems,
Proc. of the PowerTech’09 IEEE Conference, Bucharest, Romania,
June/July 2009.Engineering Society General Meeting, June 2007.
Power electronics circuits, devices and applications by Muhammad Rashid , third edition.
Table 1
Supply voltage in        Optimum duty ratio            Output voltage of chopper with PI controller
       volts

70                   0.6                             300
80                   0.45                            300.7
90                   0.35                            300.4
100                  0.3                             300.8
110                  0.25                            300
120                  0.2                             300




                                                    Figure.1. Wind turbine generator with grid




13 | P a g e
www.iiste.org
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy                                       www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.1, No.1, 2011




                    Figure.2.Circuit diagram of the power conditioning system




                            Figure.3.a. Switching-mode power device
                           Figure3.b Control diagram of the boost chopper.
    Voltage (V)




                                                                  Duty ratio
                      Figure.4.Effect of duty ratio and optimum duty ratio




14 | P a g e
www.iiste.org
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy                                                                             www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.1, No.1, 2011
    Power (W)




                                                                                                                Speeed in rpm
                                                   Figure.5.Power characteristics of the wind turbine
                Power (W)
    Torque
    (N.m)




                                                                                                        Time in sec
                                                           Figure.6. speed and torque of the generator at 400 rpm
                  (Rad/sec)
                  Speed
                            Torque (N.m)




                                           Time in sec
                                                           Figure.7. speed and torque of the generator at 400 rpm




15 | P a g e
www.iiste.org
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy                                                                         www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.1, No.1, 2011

       Voltage (V)
       Current (A)




                                     Time in sec
                                              Figure.8. Output voltage and current of the generator at 400 rpm
                     Voltage (V)




                                     Time in sec
                                              Figure.9. Output voltage of the rectifier for various generator voltages
                       Voltage (V)




                                     Time in sec
                                     Figure.10. Output voltage of the chopper for various generator voltages




16 | P a g e
www.iiste.org
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy                                                      www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.1, No.1, 2011


           Voltage (V)




                                                                                                     Time in
sec
                                              Figure.11. Output voltage of the inverter for various generator
voltages




                                                                                            Time in sec
           Figure 12.Output voltage of the rectifier; boost chopper and inverter for variations in the output
                              voltage of the generator without PI controller




17 | P a g e
www.iiste.org
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy                                                              www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.1, No.1, 2011




                                                                                                    Time in sec
                    Figure 13.Output voltage of the rectifier, boost chopper and inverter and output current of the
                      inverter for variations in the output voltage of the generator with PI controller
      Voltage (V)
      Current (A)




                                                                                                            Time in
sec
                                                    Figure 14.output voltage and current of the grid




18 | P a g e
www.iiste.org
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy                                                    www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.1, No.1, 2011
   Real power
   (W)
   power (w)
   Reactive




                                                                                           Time in sec
           Figure 15. real and reative power of the grid with switched capacitor compensator




19 | P a g e
www.iiste.org
International Journals Call for Paper
The IISTE, a U.S. publisher, is currently hosting the academic journals listed below. The peer review process of the following journals
usually takes LESS THAN 14 business days and IISTE usually publishes a qualified article within 30 days. Authors should
send their full paper to the following email address. More information can be found in the IISTE website : www.iiste.org

Business, Economics, Finance and Management               PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL
European Journal of Business and Management               EJBM@iiste.org
Research Journal of Finance and Accounting                RJFA@iiste.org
Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development          JESD@iiste.org
Information and Knowledge Management                      IKM@iiste.org
Developing Country Studies                                DCS@iiste.org
Industrial Engineering Letters                            IEL@iiste.org


Physical Sciences, Mathematics and Chemistry              PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL
Journal of Natural Sciences Research                      JNSR@iiste.org
Chemistry and Materials Research                          CMR@iiste.org
Mathematical Theory and Modeling                          MTM@iiste.org
Advances in Physics Theories and Applications             APTA@iiste.org
Chemical and Process Engineering Research                 CPER@iiste.org


Engineering, Technology and Systems                       PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL
Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems              CEIS@iiste.org
Innovative Systems Design and Engineering                 ISDE@iiste.org
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy                 JETP@iiste.org
Information and Knowledge Management                      IKM@iiste.org
Control Theory and Informatics                            CTI@iiste.org
Journal of Information Engineering and Applications       JIEA@iiste.org
Industrial Engineering Letters                            IEL@iiste.org
Network and Complex Systems                               NCS@iiste.org


Environment, Civil, Materials Sciences                    PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL
Journal of Environment and Earth Science                  JEES@iiste.org
Civil and Environmental Research                          CER@iiste.org
Journal of Natural Sciences Research                      JNSR@iiste.org
Civil and Environmental Research                          CER@iiste.org


Life Science, Food and Medical Sciences                   PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL
Journal of Natural Sciences Research                      JNSR@iiste.org
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare            JBAH@iiste.org
Food Science and Quality Management                       FSQM@iiste.org
Chemistry and Materials Research                          CMR@iiste.org


Education, and other Social Sciences                      PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL
Journal of Education and Practice                         JEP@iiste.org
Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization                  JLPG@iiste.org                       Global knowledge sharing:
New Media and Mass Communication                          NMMC@iiste.org                       EBSCO, Index Copernicus, Ulrich's
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy                 JETP@iiste.org                       Periodicals Directory, JournalTOCS, PKP
Historical Research Letter                                HRL@iiste.org                        Open Archives Harvester, Bielefeld
                                                                                               Academic Search Engine, Elektronische
Public Policy and Administration Research                 PPAR@iiste.org                       Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB, Open J-Gate,
International Affairs and Global Strategy                 IAGS@iiste.org                       OCLC WorldCat, Universe Digtial Library ,
Research on Humanities and Social Sciences                RHSS@iiste.org                       NewJour, Google Scholar.

Developing Country Studies                                DCS@iiste.org                        IISTE is member of CrossRef. All journals
Arts and Design Studies                                   ADS@iiste.org                        have high IC Impact Factor Values (ICV).

More Related Content

What's hot

Performance analysis of various parameters by comparison of conventional pitc...
Performance analysis of various parameters by comparison of conventional pitc...Performance analysis of various parameters by comparison of conventional pitc...
Performance analysis of various parameters by comparison of conventional pitc...eSAT Journals
 
4.power quality improvement in dg system using shunt active filter
4.power quality improvement in dg system using shunt active filter4.power quality improvement in dg system using shunt active filter
4.power quality improvement in dg system using shunt active filterEditorJST
 
STATCOM Based Wind Energy System by using Hybrid Fuzzy Logic Controller
STATCOM Based Wind Energy System by using Hybrid Fuzzy Logic ControllerSTATCOM Based Wind Energy System by using Hybrid Fuzzy Logic Controller
STATCOM Based Wind Energy System by using Hybrid Fuzzy Logic ControllerIJMTST Journal
 
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, i...
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, i...journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, i...
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, i...IJERD Editor
 
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF WIND TURBINE IN GRID-OFF SYSTEM
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF WIND TURBINE IN GRID-OFF SYSTEM MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF WIND TURBINE IN GRID-OFF SYSTEM
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF WIND TURBINE IN GRID-OFF SYSTEM Mellah Hacene
 
Analysis of Design, and Control of Sustainable Energy Based Hybrid Power System
Analysis of Design, and Control of Sustainable Energy Based Hybrid Power SystemAnalysis of Design, and Control of Sustainable Energy Based Hybrid Power System
Analysis of Design, and Control of Sustainable Energy Based Hybrid Power SystemIJSRED
 
Power Flow Control in Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion System Using PMSG...
Power Flow Control in Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion System Using PMSG...Power Flow Control in Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion System Using PMSG...
Power Flow Control in Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion System Using PMSG...IOSR Journals
 
A Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid System
A Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid SystemA Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid System
A Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid SystemIJERA Editor
 
A Performance Comparison of DFIG using Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power...
A Performance Comparison of DFIG using Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power...A Performance Comparison of DFIG using Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power...
A Performance Comparison of DFIG using Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power...IAES-IJPEDS
 
Flux Based Sensorless Speed Sensing and Real and Reactive Power Flow Control ...
Flux Based Sensorless Speed Sensing and Real and Reactive Power Flow Control ...Flux Based Sensorless Speed Sensing and Real and Reactive Power Flow Control ...
Flux Based Sensorless Speed Sensing and Real and Reactive Power Flow Control ...ijeei-iaes
 
Grid-Connection Control and Simulation of PMSG Wind Power System Based on Mul...
Grid-Connection Control and Simulation of PMSG Wind Power System Based on Mul...Grid-Connection Control and Simulation of PMSG Wind Power System Based on Mul...
Grid-Connection Control and Simulation of PMSG Wind Power System Based on Mul...ijsrd.com
 
A Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Improve...
A Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Improve...A Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Improve...
A Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Improve...IAES-IJPEDS
 

What's hot (18)

Performance analysis of various parameters by comparison of conventional pitc...
Performance analysis of various parameters by comparison of conventional pitc...Performance analysis of various parameters by comparison of conventional pitc...
Performance analysis of various parameters by comparison of conventional pitc...
 
4.power quality improvement in dg system using shunt active filter
4.power quality improvement in dg system using shunt active filter4.power quality improvement in dg system using shunt active filter
4.power quality improvement in dg system using shunt active filter
 
Control of PMSG based variable speed wind energy conversion system connected ...
Control of PMSG based variable speed wind energy conversion system connected ...Control of PMSG based variable speed wind energy conversion system connected ...
Control of PMSG based variable speed wind energy conversion system connected ...
 
STATCOM Based Wind Energy System by using Hybrid Fuzzy Logic Controller
STATCOM Based Wind Energy System by using Hybrid Fuzzy Logic ControllerSTATCOM Based Wind Energy System by using Hybrid Fuzzy Logic Controller
STATCOM Based Wind Energy System by using Hybrid Fuzzy Logic Controller
 
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, i...
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, i...journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, i...
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, i...
 
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF WIND TURBINE IN GRID-OFF SYSTEM
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF WIND TURBINE IN GRID-OFF SYSTEM MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF WIND TURBINE IN GRID-OFF SYSTEM
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF WIND TURBINE IN GRID-OFF SYSTEM
 
D045051926
D045051926D045051926
D045051926
 
Analysis of Design, and Control of Sustainable Energy Based Hybrid Power System
Analysis of Design, and Control of Sustainable Energy Based Hybrid Power SystemAnalysis of Design, and Control of Sustainable Energy Based Hybrid Power System
Analysis of Design, and Control of Sustainable Energy Based Hybrid Power System
 
Power Flow Control in Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion System Using PMSG...
Power Flow Control in Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion System Using PMSG...Power Flow Control in Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion System Using PMSG...
Power Flow Control in Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion System Using PMSG...
 
R36100108
R36100108R36100108
R36100108
 
A Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid System
A Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid SystemA Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid System
A Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid System
 
A Performance Comparison of DFIG using Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power...
A Performance Comparison of DFIG using Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power...A Performance Comparison of DFIG using Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power...
A Performance Comparison of DFIG using Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power...
 
Wind speed modeling based on measurement data to predict future wind speed wi...
Wind speed modeling based on measurement data to predict future wind speed wi...Wind speed modeling based on measurement data to predict future wind speed wi...
Wind speed modeling based on measurement data to predict future wind speed wi...
 
Flux Based Sensorless Speed Sensing and Real and Reactive Power Flow Control ...
Flux Based Sensorless Speed Sensing and Real and Reactive Power Flow Control ...Flux Based Sensorless Speed Sensing and Real and Reactive Power Flow Control ...
Flux Based Sensorless Speed Sensing and Real and Reactive Power Flow Control ...
 
SOP 2
SOP 2SOP 2
SOP 2
 
Grid-Connection Control and Simulation of PMSG Wind Power System Based on Mul...
Grid-Connection Control and Simulation of PMSG Wind Power System Based on Mul...Grid-Connection Control and Simulation of PMSG Wind Power System Based on Mul...
Grid-Connection Control and Simulation of PMSG Wind Power System Based on Mul...
 
Improved Performance of DFIG-generators for Wind Turbines Variable-speed
Improved Performance of DFIG-generators for Wind Turbines Variable-speedImproved Performance of DFIG-generators for Wind Turbines Variable-speed
Improved Performance of DFIG-generators for Wind Turbines Variable-speed
 
A Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Improve...
A Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Improve...A Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Improve...
A Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Improve...
 

Viewers also liked

An Efficient PMG based Wind Energy Conversion System with Power Quality Impro...
An Efficient PMG based Wind Energy Conversion System with Power Quality Impro...An Efficient PMG based Wind Energy Conversion System with Power Quality Impro...
An Efficient PMG based Wind Energy Conversion System with Power Quality Impro...IDES Editor
 
Open-End-Winding Permanent Magnet Synchonous Generator for Wind Energy Conver...
Open-End-Winding Permanent Magnet Synchonous Generator for Wind Energy Conver...Open-End-Winding Permanent Magnet Synchonous Generator for Wind Energy Conver...
Open-End-Winding Permanent Magnet Synchonous Generator for Wind Energy Conver...Naila Syed
 
Chapter 4 nominal & effective interest rates - students
Chapter 4  nominal & effective interest rates - studentsChapter 4  nominal & effective interest rates - students
Chapter 4 nominal & effective interest rates - studentsSaad Ul Fataah
 
Chapter 7 ror analysis for a single alternative
Chapter 7   ror analysis for a single alternativeChapter 7   ror analysis for a single alternative
Chapter 7 ror analysis for a single alternativeBich Lien Pham
 
Chapter 8 ror analysis for multiple alternatives
Chapter 8   ror analysis for multiple alternativesChapter 8   ror analysis for multiple alternatives
Chapter 8 ror analysis for multiple alternativesBich Lien Pham
 

Viewers also liked (7)

An Efficient PMG based Wind Energy Conversion System with Power Quality Impro...
An Efficient PMG based Wind Energy Conversion System with Power Quality Impro...An Efficient PMG based Wind Energy Conversion System with Power Quality Impro...
An Efficient PMG based Wind Energy Conversion System with Power Quality Impro...
 
Chapter 1 all slides
Chapter 1   all slidesChapter 1   all slides
Chapter 1 all slides
 
Flnn
FlnnFlnn
Flnn
 
Open-End-Winding Permanent Magnet Synchonous Generator for Wind Energy Conver...
Open-End-Winding Permanent Magnet Synchonous Generator for Wind Energy Conver...Open-End-Winding Permanent Magnet Synchonous Generator for Wind Energy Conver...
Open-End-Winding Permanent Magnet Synchonous Generator for Wind Energy Conver...
 
Chapter 4 nominal & effective interest rates - students
Chapter 4  nominal & effective interest rates - studentsChapter 4  nominal & effective interest rates - students
Chapter 4 nominal & effective interest rates - students
 
Chapter 7 ror analysis for a single alternative
Chapter 7   ror analysis for a single alternativeChapter 7   ror analysis for a single alternative
Chapter 7 ror analysis for a single alternative
 
Chapter 8 ror analysis for multiple alternatives
Chapter 8   ror analysis for multiple alternativesChapter 8   ror analysis for multiple alternatives
Chapter 8 ror analysis for multiple alternatives
 

Similar to 11.modeling and performance analysis of a small scale direct driven pmsg based wind energy conversion systems

Load Frequency Control of DFIG-isolated and Grid Connected Mode
Load Frequency Control of DFIG-isolated and Grid Connected ModeLoad Frequency Control of DFIG-isolated and Grid Connected Mode
Load Frequency Control of DFIG-isolated and Grid Connected ModeIJAPEJOURNAL
 
Modeling and Analysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems Using Matlab
Modeling and Analysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems Using MatlabModeling and Analysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems Using Matlab
Modeling and Analysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems Using MatlabIOSR Journals
 
Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...
Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...
Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...IJECEIAES
 
Analysis of PMSG in Wind Integration using T Source Inverter with Simple Boos...
Analysis of PMSG in Wind Integration using T Source Inverter with Simple Boos...Analysis of PMSG in Wind Integration using T Source Inverter with Simple Boos...
Analysis of PMSG in Wind Integration using T Source Inverter with Simple Boos...IJTET Journal
 
Design of Integrated Generator-Rectifier System to Determine the Maximum Powe...
Design of Integrated Generator-Rectifier System to Determine the Maximum Powe...Design of Integrated Generator-Rectifier System to Determine the Maximum Powe...
Design of Integrated Generator-Rectifier System to Determine the Maximum Powe...IRJET Journal
 
A Hybrid Control Scheme for Fault Ride-Through Capability using Line-Side Con...
A Hybrid Control Scheme for Fault Ride-Through Capability using Line-Side Con...A Hybrid Control Scheme for Fault Ride-Through Capability using Line-Side Con...
A Hybrid Control Scheme for Fault Ride-Through Capability using Line-Side Con...Suganthi Thangaraj
 
PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR BASED WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR BASED WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMPERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR BASED WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR BASED WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMIRJET Journal
 
IRJET- Decoupled Control Technique of DFIG with Dual PWM Converters for Wind ...
IRJET- Decoupled Control Technique of DFIG with Dual PWM Converters for Wind ...IRJET- Decoupled Control Technique of DFIG with Dual PWM Converters for Wind ...
IRJET- Decoupled Control Technique of DFIG with Dual PWM Converters for Wind ...IRJET Journal
 
Development of DC voltage control from wind turbines using proportions and in...
Development of DC voltage control from wind turbines using proportions and in...Development of DC voltage control from wind turbines using proportions and in...
Development of DC voltage control from wind turbines using proportions and in...IJECEIAES
 
Wind Energy Conversion Based On Matrix Converter
Wind Energy Conversion Based On Matrix ConverterWind Energy Conversion Based On Matrix Converter
Wind Energy Conversion Based On Matrix ConverterIAES-IJPEDS
 
Design And Simulation of Microgrid Control based Wind Power Generation Syst...
Design And Simulation of  Microgrid Control  based Wind Power Generation Syst...Design And Simulation of  Microgrid Control  based Wind Power Generation Syst...
Design And Simulation of Microgrid Control based Wind Power Generation Syst...IRJET Journal
 
Dynamic responses improvement of grid connected wpgs using flc in high wind s...
Dynamic responses improvement of grid connected wpgs using flc in high wind s...Dynamic responses improvement of grid connected wpgs using flc in high wind s...
Dynamic responses improvement of grid connected wpgs using flc in high wind s...ijscmcj
 
DYNAMIC RESPONSES IMPROVEMENT OF GRID CONNECTED WPGS USING FLC IN HIGH WIND S...
DYNAMIC RESPONSES IMPROVEMENT OF GRID CONNECTED WPGS USING FLC IN HIGH WIND S...DYNAMIC RESPONSES IMPROVEMENT OF GRID CONNECTED WPGS USING FLC IN HIGH WIND S...
DYNAMIC RESPONSES IMPROVEMENT OF GRID CONNECTED WPGS USING FLC IN HIGH WIND S...ijscmcjournal
 
Advanced Control of Wind Electric Pumping System for Isolated Areas Application
Advanced Control of Wind Electric Pumping System for Isolated Areas ApplicationAdvanced Control of Wind Electric Pumping System for Isolated Areas Application
Advanced Control of Wind Electric Pumping System for Isolated Areas ApplicationIAES-IJPEDS
 

Similar to 11.modeling and performance analysis of a small scale direct driven pmsg based wind energy conversion systems (20)

Load Frequency Control of DFIG-isolated and Grid Connected Mode
Load Frequency Control of DFIG-isolated and Grid Connected ModeLoad Frequency Control of DFIG-isolated and Grid Connected Mode
Load Frequency Control of DFIG-isolated and Grid Connected Mode
 
Modeling and Analysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems Using Matlab
Modeling and Analysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems Using MatlabModeling and Analysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems Using Matlab
Modeling and Analysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems Using Matlab
 
Ijtra130511
Ijtra130511Ijtra130511
Ijtra130511
 
Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...
Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...
Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...
 
Analysis of PMSG in Wind Integration using T Source Inverter with Simple Boos...
Analysis of PMSG in Wind Integration using T Source Inverter with Simple Boos...Analysis of PMSG in Wind Integration using T Source Inverter with Simple Boos...
Analysis of PMSG in Wind Integration using T Source Inverter with Simple Boos...
 
I010125361
I010125361I010125361
I010125361
 
Design of Integrated Generator-Rectifier System to Determine the Maximum Powe...
Design of Integrated Generator-Rectifier System to Determine the Maximum Powe...Design of Integrated Generator-Rectifier System to Determine the Maximum Powe...
Design of Integrated Generator-Rectifier System to Determine the Maximum Powe...
 
A Hybrid Control Scheme for Fault Ride-Through Capability using Line-Side Con...
A Hybrid Control Scheme for Fault Ride-Through Capability using Line-Side Con...A Hybrid Control Scheme for Fault Ride-Through Capability using Line-Side Con...
A Hybrid Control Scheme for Fault Ride-Through Capability using Line-Side Con...
 
G010234652
G010234652G010234652
G010234652
 
PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR BASED WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR BASED WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMPERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR BASED WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR BASED WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
 
IRJET- Decoupled Control Technique of DFIG with Dual PWM Converters for Wind ...
IRJET- Decoupled Control Technique of DFIG with Dual PWM Converters for Wind ...IRJET- Decoupled Control Technique of DFIG with Dual PWM Converters for Wind ...
IRJET- Decoupled Control Technique of DFIG with Dual PWM Converters for Wind ...
 
Power Electronics
Power ElectronicsPower Electronics
Power Electronics
 
Development of DC voltage control from wind turbines using proportions and in...
Development of DC voltage control from wind turbines using proportions and in...Development of DC voltage control from wind turbines using proportions and in...
Development of DC voltage control from wind turbines using proportions and in...
 
Wind Energy Conversion Based On Matrix Converter
Wind Energy Conversion Based On Matrix ConverterWind Energy Conversion Based On Matrix Converter
Wind Energy Conversion Based On Matrix Converter
 
E010343239
E010343239E010343239
E010343239
 
Design And Simulation of Microgrid Control based Wind Power Generation Syst...
Design And Simulation of  Microgrid Control  based Wind Power Generation Syst...Design And Simulation of  Microgrid Control  based Wind Power Generation Syst...
Design And Simulation of Microgrid Control based Wind Power Generation Syst...
 
Dynamic responses improvement of grid connected wpgs using flc in high wind s...
Dynamic responses improvement of grid connected wpgs using flc in high wind s...Dynamic responses improvement of grid connected wpgs using flc in high wind s...
Dynamic responses improvement of grid connected wpgs using flc in high wind s...
 
Australia 1
Australia 1Australia 1
Australia 1
 
DYNAMIC RESPONSES IMPROVEMENT OF GRID CONNECTED WPGS USING FLC IN HIGH WIND S...
DYNAMIC RESPONSES IMPROVEMENT OF GRID CONNECTED WPGS USING FLC IN HIGH WIND S...DYNAMIC RESPONSES IMPROVEMENT OF GRID CONNECTED WPGS USING FLC IN HIGH WIND S...
DYNAMIC RESPONSES IMPROVEMENT OF GRID CONNECTED WPGS USING FLC IN HIGH WIND S...
 
Advanced Control of Wind Electric Pumping System for Isolated Areas Application
Advanced Control of Wind Electric Pumping System for Isolated Areas ApplicationAdvanced Control of Wind Electric Pumping System for Isolated Areas Application
Advanced Control of Wind Electric Pumping System for Isolated Areas Application
 

More from Alexander Decker

Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
 
A validation of the adverse childhood experiences scale in
A validation of the adverse childhood experiences scale inA validation of the adverse childhood experiences scale in
A validation of the adverse childhood experiences scale inAlexander Decker
 
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websites
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesA usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websites
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
 
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banks
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksA universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banks
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
 
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized d
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dA unique common fixed point theorems in generalized d
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
 
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistance
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceA trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistance
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
 
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifham
A transformational  generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamA transformational  generative approach towards understanding al-istifham
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
 
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibia
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaA time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibia
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
 
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school children
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenA therapy for physical and mental fitness of school children
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
 
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banks
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksA theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banks
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
 
A systematic evaluation of link budget for
A systematic evaluation of link budget forA systematic evaluation of link budget for
A systematic evaluation of link budget forAlexander Decker
 
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjab
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabA synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjab
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
 
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
 
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incremental
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalA survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incremental
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
 
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniques
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesA survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniques
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
 
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo db
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbA survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo db
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
 
A survey on challenges to the media cloud
A survey on challenges to the media cloudA survey on challenges to the media cloud
A survey on challenges to the media cloudAlexander Decker
 
A survey of provenance leveraged
A survey of provenance leveragedA survey of provenance leveraged
A survey of provenance leveragedAlexander Decker
 
A survey of private equity investments in kenya
A survey of private equity investments in kenyaA survey of private equity investments in kenya
A survey of private equity investments in kenyaAlexander Decker
 
A study to measures the financial health of
A study to measures the financial health ofA study to measures the financial health of
A study to measures the financial health ofAlexander Decker
 

More from Alexander Decker (20)

Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...
 
A validation of the adverse childhood experiences scale in
A validation of the adverse childhood experiences scale inA validation of the adverse childhood experiences scale in
A validation of the adverse childhood experiences scale in
 
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websites
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesA usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websites
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websites
 
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banks
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksA universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banks
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banks
 
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized d
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dA unique common fixed point theorems in generalized d
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized d
 
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistance
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceA trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistance
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistance
 
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifham
A transformational  generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamA transformational  generative approach towards understanding al-istifham
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifham
 
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibia
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaA time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibia
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibia
 
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school children
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenA therapy for physical and mental fitness of school children
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school children
 
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banks
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksA theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banks
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banks
 
A systematic evaluation of link budget for
A systematic evaluation of link budget forA systematic evaluation of link budget for
A systematic evaluation of link budget for
 
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjab
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabA synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjab
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjab
 
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...
 
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incremental
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalA survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incremental
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incremental
 
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniques
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesA survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniques
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniques
 
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo db
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbA survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo db
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo db
 
A survey on challenges to the media cloud
A survey on challenges to the media cloudA survey on challenges to the media cloud
A survey on challenges to the media cloud
 
A survey of provenance leveraged
A survey of provenance leveragedA survey of provenance leveraged
A survey of provenance leveraged
 
A survey of private equity investments in kenya
A survey of private equity investments in kenyaA survey of private equity investments in kenya
A survey of private equity investments in kenya
 
A study to measures the financial health of
A study to measures the financial health ofA study to measures the financial health of
A study to measures the financial health of
 

Recently uploaded

TalentView Webinar: Empowering the Modern Workforce_ Redefininig Success from...
TalentView Webinar: Empowering the Modern Workforce_ Redefininig Success from...TalentView Webinar: Empowering the Modern Workforce_ Redefininig Success from...
TalentView Webinar: Empowering the Modern Workforce_ Redefininig Success from...TalentView
 
NewBase 25 March 2024 Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
NewBase  25 March  2024  Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...NewBase  25 March  2024  Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
NewBase 25 March 2024 Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...Khaled Al Awadi
 
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.mcshagufta46
 
Slicing Work on Business Agility Meetup Berlin
Slicing Work on Business Agility Meetup BerlinSlicing Work on Business Agility Meetup Berlin
Slicing Work on Business Agility Meetup BerlinAnton Skornyakov
 
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access
 
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdf
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdfGraham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdf
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdfAnhNguyen97152
 
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdf
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdfAMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdf
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdfJohnCarloValencia4
 
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...IMARC Group
 
Live-Streaming in the Music Industry Webinar
Live-Streaming in the Music Industry WebinarLive-Streaming in the Music Industry Webinar
Live-Streaming in the Music Industry WebinarNathanielSchmuck
 
MC Heights construction company in Jhang
MC Heights construction company in JhangMC Heights construction company in Jhang
MC Heights construction company in Jhangmcgroupjeya
 
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003believeminhh
 
Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer.pdf
Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer.pdfChicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer.pdf
Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer.pdfSourav Sikder
 
Tata Kelola Bisnis perushaan yang bergerak
Tata Kelola Bisnis perushaan yang bergerakTata Kelola Bisnis perushaan yang bergerak
Tata Kelola Bisnis perushaan yang bergerakEditores1
 
Q2 2024 APCO Geopolitical Radar - The Global Operating Environment for Business
Q2 2024 APCO Geopolitical Radar - The Global Operating Environment for BusinessQ2 2024 APCO Geopolitical Radar - The Global Operating Environment for Business
Q2 2024 APCO Geopolitical Radar - The Global Operating Environment for BusinessAPCO
 
7movierulz.uk
7movierulz.uk7movierulz.uk
7movierulz.ukaroemirsr
 
IIBA® Melbourne - Navigating Business Analysis - Excellence for Career Growth...
IIBA® Melbourne - Navigating Business Analysis - Excellence for Career Growth...IIBA® Melbourne - Navigating Business Analysis - Excellence for Career Growth...
IIBA® Melbourne - Navigating Business Analysis - Excellence for Career Growth...AustraliaChapterIIBA
 
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor PresentationMoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentationbaron83
 
Mihir Menda - Member of Supervisory Board at RMZ
Mihir Menda - Member of Supervisory Board at RMZMihir Menda - Member of Supervisory Board at RMZ
Mihir Menda - Member of Supervisory Board at RMZKanakChauhan5
 
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizations
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizationsEntrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizations
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizationsP&CO
 
Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdf
Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdfTalent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdf
Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdfCharles Cotter, PhD
 

Recently uploaded (20)

TalentView Webinar: Empowering the Modern Workforce_ Redefininig Success from...
TalentView Webinar: Empowering the Modern Workforce_ Redefininig Success from...TalentView Webinar: Empowering the Modern Workforce_ Redefininig Success from...
TalentView Webinar: Empowering the Modern Workforce_ Redefininig Success from...
 
NewBase 25 March 2024 Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
NewBase  25 March  2024  Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...NewBase  25 March  2024  Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
NewBase 25 March 2024 Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
 
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
 
Slicing Work on Business Agility Meetup Berlin
Slicing Work on Business Agility Meetup BerlinSlicing Work on Business Agility Meetup Berlin
Slicing Work on Business Agility Meetup Berlin
 
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
 
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdf
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdfGraham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdf
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdf
 
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdf
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdfAMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdf
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdf
 
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...
 
Live-Streaming in the Music Industry Webinar
Live-Streaming in the Music Industry WebinarLive-Streaming in the Music Industry Webinar
Live-Streaming in the Music Industry Webinar
 
MC Heights construction company in Jhang
MC Heights construction company in JhangMC Heights construction company in Jhang
MC Heights construction company in Jhang
 
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
 
Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer.pdf
Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer.pdfChicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer.pdf
Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer.pdf
 
Tata Kelola Bisnis perushaan yang bergerak
Tata Kelola Bisnis perushaan yang bergerakTata Kelola Bisnis perushaan yang bergerak
Tata Kelola Bisnis perushaan yang bergerak
 
Q2 2024 APCO Geopolitical Radar - The Global Operating Environment for Business
Q2 2024 APCO Geopolitical Radar - The Global Operating Environment for BusinessQ2 2024 APCO Geopolitical Radar - The Global Operating Environment for Business
Q2 2024 APCO Geopolitical Radar - The Global Operating Environment for Business
 
7movierulz.uk
7movierulz.uk7movierulz.uk
7movierulz.uk
 
IIBA® Melbourne - Navigating Business Analysis - Excellence for Career Growth...
IIBA® Melbourne - Navigating Business Analysis - Excellence for Career Growth...IIBA® Melbourne - Navigating Business Analysis - Excellence for Career Growth...
IIBA® Melbourne - Navigating Business Analysis - Excellence for Career Growth...
 
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor PresentationMoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
 
Mihir Menda - Member of Supervisory Board at RMZ
Mihir Menda - Member of Supervisory Board at RMZMihir Menda - Member of Supervisory Board at RMZ
Mihir Menda - Member of Supervisory Board at RMZ
 
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizations
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizationsEntrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizations
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizations
 
Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdf
Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdfTalent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdf
Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdf
 

11.modeling and performance analysis of a small scale direct driven pmsg based wind energy conversion systems

  • 1. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online) Vol.1, No.1, 2011 Modeling and performance analysis of a small scale direct driven PMSG based wind energy conversion systems C.Janani1* K.Rajambal2 1. Dept of electrical and electronics engineering, Pondicherry engg college, Pondicherry 2. Dept of electrical and electronics engineering, Pondicherry engg college, Pondicherry *jchandramohan2@gmail.com Abstract This paper proposes a small scale wind energy conversion system comprising a direct driven PMSG connected to the grid through a power electronic interface. The variable voltage variable frequency output from the wind generator is rectified, boosted and converted in to a fixed voltage fixed frequency output. The boost chopper maintains a constant DC at the inverter terminals. The modulation index of the inverter is adjusted to extract maximum power from the wind. The system components such as wind turbine, PMSG, power electronic interface are modeled in MATLAB/SIMULINK .The power flow analysis of the entire system is carried out for various wind velocities and the effect of duty ratio and modulation index is studied and optimum duty ratio for maximum power extraction at different wind speeds is found out and the simulation results are presented Keywords: wind energy conversion systems, permanent magnet synchronous generator, direct drive. 1. Introduction In the recent years, Wind energy conversion systems (WECS) have become a focal point in the research of renewable energy sources. This is due to the rapid advances in the size of wind generators as well as the development of power electronics and their applicability in wind energy extraction. The high installed capacity of today’s wind turbines and decreasing plant costs have shown that wind power can be competitive with conventional, more heavily polluting fossil fuels in the long term. The higher target is to achieve 12% of the world’s electricity from wind power by 2020[1]. . The induction generators are commonly used for low and medium power generations; in such generation schemes it is found that 25% of overall turbine downtime is due to gear box failures; further the gearbox requires frequent maintenance and it also increases the weight of the nacelle which in turn increases the cost [2].The above drawbacks can be overcome in the direct driven wind energy conversion systems (WECS) by replacing mechanical gearbox systems with power electronic converters[3].By eliminating the need for a gearbox between the turbine and generator, these systems are less expensive and also require less maintenance. Nowadays Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSG’s) are more attractive for direct driven wind energy schemes [5], [7] because of its improved performance and decreasing cost. Further the PMSG has several advantages such as • Higher efficiency and energy yield. • Additional power supply is not needed for the magnet field excitation. • Improvement in the thermal characteristics of the PM machine due to the absence of the field losses. • Higher reliability due to the absence of mechanical components such as slip rings. The voltage of the direct driven PMSG is variable due to the intermittent nature of the wind energy. Fluctuating voltage and power is of major concern in converter based grid connected wind 8|P a ge www.iiste.org
  • 2. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online) Vol.1, No.1, 2011 generation systems. These variable speed generators necessitate AC-DC-AC conversion systems [4]. In this paper, a study of small-scale direct driven PMSG suitable for household and community level power generation is considered. A dynamic model of the wind energy conversion scheme is developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The effect of variation in the duty ratio of the chopper and the modulation index of the inverter on the power output of the generator are analyzed for different wind speeds. The grid integration of the Wind Generator and the study of Active power export and RKVAR requirement under various wind velocities are carried out. A reactive VAR compensator for the improvement of reactive power is designed and incorporated in the system 2. Modeling of system components In the scheme shown in fig 1, the output of the generator varies with wind velocity and the maximum power occurs at a particular rotational speed for a given wind velocity. The optimum speed is achieved by varying the duty ratio of the chopper and the maximum power is fed to the grid at required voltage and frequency using an inverter. 2.1 Wind turbine model The power, pwind in the air flow is expressed as [8] Pwind = 1/2ρ av3 (1) Where, A = area swept by the blades [m2] Ρ = air density [kg/m2] V = wind velocity [m/s] The mechanical power captured by the wind turbine is Written as Pt = 0.5ρ a cp (λ, β) v3 (2) The tip speed ratio is defined as Λ = ωr*r/v (3) Where, R=rotor radius[m] ωr = angular velocity [rad/s] Cp=coefficient of power conversion The power coefficient is a nonlinear function of the tip speed ratio λ and the blade pitch angle β (in degrees). If the swept area of the blade and the air density are constant, the value of cp is a function of λ and it is maximum at the particular λopt. Hence, to fully utilize the wind energy, λ should be maintained at λopt , which is determined from the blade design. Then Pturbine = 0.5ρ A cpmaxv3 (4) 2.2 PMSG model Dynamic modeling of PMSG can be described in d-q reference system as follows [9], [10],[11]: Vg q = - (R g + p Lq) iq – ωe Ld id + ωe ѱf (5) Vg d = -(R g + p Ld) id – ωe Lq iq (6) 9|P a ge www.iiste.org
  • 3. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online) Vol.1, No.1, 2011 Where, R g is the stator resistance, Lq and Ld are the inductances of the generator on the d and q axis, ѱf is the permanent magnetic flux and ωe is the electrical rotating speed of the generator, defined by ωr ωr = pn ωm (7) Where, pn is the number of pole pairs of the generator and ωm is the mechanical angular speed. In order to complete the mathematical model of the PMSG, the expression for the electromagnetic torque can be described as [10] Te = 3/2 Pn[(Ld – Lq) id iq - ѱf iq] (8) If id = 0, the electromagnetic torque is expressed as: Te = - 3/2 pn ѱf iq (9) 2.3 Power conditioning system The overall function of the power conditioning system (PCS) is to convert the variable amplitude and variable frequency three-phase output voltage from the generator to a fixed amplitude and fixed frequency single-phase ac voltage. The power conditioning system used for connecting the individual WTG to the distribution grid requires the flexible, efficient and reliable generation of high quality electric power. The PCS consists of a diode bridge rectifier, a boost chopper and a single phase inverter. Figure 2 shows the circuit diagram of the power conditioning system . The output from the PMSG is rectified using a three-phase rectifier whose output voltage Vrec is given by Vrec =1.65Vm (10) If ignore the losses of diodes, diode rectifier does not change the power. It only uses to convert AC to DC. The output from the diode bridge rectifier is fed to the boost chopper. Figure 3 shows the circuit diagram of the boost converter used in the PCS. The standard unidirectional topologies of the DC-DC boost converter or chopper in Figure. 3.a consist of a switching-mode power device containing basically two semiconductor switches (a rectifier diode and a power transistor with its corresponding anti-parallel diode) and two energy storage devices (an inductor and a smoothing capacitor) for producing an output DC voltage at a level greater than its input DC voltage. This converter acts as an interface between the full-wave rectifier bridge and the Voltage Source Inverter, by employing pulse-width modulation (PWM) control techniques. Figure 3.b shows control diagram of the boost chopper. The input to the boost converter is the variable DC voltage output from the PMSG / rectifier circuit. The boost converter controls its output voltage to a fixed dc voltage range as required by the inverter stage. Note that the input voltage used is dictated by the voltage range expected from the generator / rectifier circuit..The power generated by a wind turbine typically varies in Proportion to the cube of its rotational speed. Both the voltage vs. Speed characteristic of the Generator and power vs. Speed characteristic of the turbine are considered when specifying the component values in the boost converter circuit. The boost converter is widely used and has been designed to operate in continuous conduction mode, which results in a simple relationship between the input and output Voltage: Vout = Vin/(1-duty ratio) (11) This equation neglects the resistance of the inductor, and the small voltage drop across the diode and switch, but demonstrates the relationship between the duty ratio and output voltage as the input voltage varies. The boost converter is also used to implement another important function ,the ability to track the maximum power operating point of the turbine in given wind conditions [12],[13]. This is achieved by adjusting the duty ratio of the boost converter using a perturbation .the effect of duty cycle for various input voltages is shown in the figure 4. From the figure the optimum duty ratio for various input voltages can be found out. The method is based on the observed system power output only with no external measurement of wind speed necessary. If the duty ratio adjustment leads to an increase in output 10 | P a g e www.iiste.org
  • 4. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online) Vol.1, No.1, 2011 power, then the duty ratio is again adjusted in the same direction (provided the output voltage remains within a pre-specified range). If it leads to a decrease in output power, the duty ratio is adjusted in the opposite direction. Stand alone systems will normally have the fixed dc bus rigidly fixed by the presence of batteries. However, grid connected systems will generally have no battery storage, thus the “fixed” dc bus can vary as the duty cycle is altered. The inverter circuit must compensate for this variation to ensure that the ac voltage output remains at a fixed amplitude and frequency. Therefore the input to the inverter must be maintained constant irrespective of changes in the input voltage of the boost chopper. So a PI controller is incorporated with this boost chopper circuit to maintain its output constant by tuning it[6]. The values of proportional gain (kp) and integral gain (ki) used in the pi controller are: Kp=0.01 Ki=1. The constant output of the boost chopper is fed to a single phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). In a VSI the input source is a voltage which is stored in DC link capacitor. This inverter chops the input DC voltage and generates an AC voltage with desired magnitude and frequency with respect to pulse patterns and modulation techniques different current and voltage control techniques have been proposed to generate a high voltage high current rectangular waveform based on reference waveforms characteristics[15] 3. Simulation results and discussions The performance of the proposed method was firstly evaluated by MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation. The wind turbine power characteristics are drawn for various wind velocities and it is found that at the wind velocity of 8 m/s maximum power is extracted by the wind turbine which is shown in figure 5. Under rated conditions the output voltage , current and torque of the generator are recorded and shown in the figures 7 and 8. It is found that at the rated speed of 400rpm, the out put phase voltage of the generator is 99V , the output current is 15A. 3.1 Dynamic results The dynamic results of the PCS at different output voltages of the generator are recorded and shown in figures 9, 10, 11. It is found that with the varying wind velocity the output voltage of the generator varies which in turn varies the output voltage of the rectifier,chopper and inverter. But the input voltage of the inverter must be maintained constant so as to send constant voltage to the grid, hence to maintain constant voltage at the input of the inverter a PI controller is incorporated in the boost chopper which maintains constant chopper output voltage irrespective of changes in wind velocity. The dynamic results of the PCS without PI controller and with PI controller are shown in figure 12 and figure 13, it is inferred from the waveform that the PI controller maintains constant chopper output tvoltage even if the wind velocity varies and hence ensures constant power flow to the grid irrespective of variations in wind velocity 3.2 Power flow analysis The power flow analysis for the entire system is carried out and a switched capacitor compensator is designed for reactive power compensation, since most loads are inductive and consumes lagging reactive power, the compensation required is usually supplied by leading reactive power. The most common form of leading reactive power compensation is by connecting shunt capacitors to the line. The active and reactive power transport at various wind velocities is carried out and the results are presented in the figures 14 and figure 15. 1 2 4. Conclusion In this paper the dynamic model of a grid connected direct driven PMSG based wind electric generator is presented. A power electronic interface comprising an AC-DC-AC converter is used to maintain the DC bus voltage constant for different wind velocities and to extract maximum power from the wind. The 11 | P a g e www.iiste.org
  • 5. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online) Vol.1, No.1, 2011 simulation results are presented for various wind velocities and the effect of variations in duty ratio of the chopper is investigated. The optimum duty ratio for various wind velocities is identified and the results are discussed. The power flow analysis for the entire system is carried out and a switched capacitor compensator is designed for the improvement of reactive power. APPENDIX Parameters of the turbine PARAMETERS RATINGS Rated power 2KW Rated wind speed 8m/s Air density 1.2kg/m3 No of blades 3 Blade diameter 2m Gear ratio 1 3 4 Parameters of the generator: PARAMETERS RATINGS Rated power 2KW Rated speed 400rpm No of poles 18 Rated voltage 99V Rated current 15A 5 References 6 Kajogbola R. Ajao & Modupe R. Mahamood Wind Energy Conversion System: The Past, The Present And The Prospect Journal of American Science 2009;5(6):17-22 7 Rajveer Mittal, K.S.Sandu, D.K.Jain ,Isolated Operation of Variable Speed Driven PMSG for Wind Energy Conversion System IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No.3, August, 2009 ISSN: 1793-8236 J. Darbyshire and C. V. Nayar, “Modelling, simulation, and testing of grid connected small scale wind systems,” in Proc. Australasian Univ. Power Eng. Conf. (AUPEC), Dec. 2007, pp. 1–6 Haining Wang, Chem Nayar, Control and Interfacing of a Grid-Connected Small-Scale Wind Turbine Generator Senior Member, IEEE, Jianhui Su, and Ming Ding IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION, VOL. 26, NO. 2, JUNE 2011 Ming Y., Gengyin L., Ming Z., Chengyong Z., Modeling of the Wind Turbine with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Integration, Proc. of IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, June 2007. 12 | P a g e www.iiste.org
  • 6. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online) Vol.1, No.1, 2011 A. Macready and C. Coates, “Low cost wind turbine controller,” in Proc. Australasian Univ. Power Eng. Conf.(AUPEC), Dec. 2007, pp. 1–5. H. Sharma, S. Islam, T. Pryor, and C. V. Nayar, “Power quality issues in a wind turbine driven induction generator and diesel hybrid autonomous grid,” J. Elect. Electron. Eng., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 19–25, 2001. Gautam Poddar, Aby Joseph, and A.K.Unnikrishnan ,“Sensorless Variable-Speed Wind Power Generator With Unity-Power-Factor Operation,” IEEE Trans.Ind. Electron, vol. 50, pp. 1007-1015 , Oct 2003. Ming Yin, Gengyin Li, Ming Zhou and Chengyong Zhao, “Modelling of the Wind Turbine with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Integrat,” Power Engineering Society Genera Meeting, 2007. IEEE, pp. 1-6, June 2007. Yao Weizheng, Kinglon Woo, Zhao Ruijie, Guo Wei, and Wang Yue, “Analyze of current control strategy based on vector Control for Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator in Wind Power System,” Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2009. IPEMC '09.IEEE 6th International, pp. 2209-2212, May 2009. De Broe, S. Drouilhet, and V. Gevorgian, “A Peak Power Tracker for Small Wind Turbines in Battery Charing Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 14, pp, 1630-1635, 1999. Barote, L.; Marinescu, C.; Georgescu, M.: VRB modeling for storage in stand-alone wind energy systems, Proc. of the PowerTech’09 IEEE Conference, Bucharest, Romania, June/July 2009.Engineering Society General Meeting, June 2007. Power electronics circuits, devices and applications by Muhammad Rashid , third edition. Table 1 Supply voltage in Optimum duty ratio Output voltage of chopper with PI controller volts 70 0.6 300 80 0.45 300.7 90 0.35 300.4 100 0.3 300.8 110 0.25 300 120 0.2 300 Figure.1. Wind turbine generator with grid 13 | P a g e www.iiste.org
  • 7. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online) Vol.1, No.1, 2011 Figure.2.Circuit diagram of the power conditioning system Figure.3.a. Switching-mode power device Figure3.b Control diagram of the boost chopper. Voltage (V) Duty ratio Figure.4.Effect of duty ratio and optimum duty ratio 14 | P a g e www.iiste.org
  • 8. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online) Vol.1, No.1, 2011 Power (W) Speeed in rpm Figure.5.Power characteristics of the wind turbine Power (W) Torque (N.m) Time in sec Figure.6. speed and torque of the generator at 400 rpm (Rad/sec) Speed Torque (N.m) Time in sec Figure.7. speed and torque of the generator at 400 rpm 15 | P a g e www.iiste.org
  • 9. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online) Vol.1, No.1, 2011 Voltage (V) Current (A) Time in sec Figure.8. Output voltage and current of the generator at 400 rpm Voltage (V) Time in sec Figure.9. Output voltage of the rectifier for various generator voltages Voltage (V) Time in sec Figure.10. Output voltage of the chopper for various generator voltages 16 | P a g e www.iiste.org
  • 10. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online) Vol.1, No.1, 2011 Voltage (V) Time in sec Figure.11. Output voltage of the inverter for various generator voltages Time in sec Figure 12.Output voltage of the rectifier; boost chopper and inverter for variations in the output voltage of the generator without PI controller 17 | P a g e www.iiste.org
  • 11. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online) Vol.1, No.1, 2011 Time in sec Figure 13.Output voltage of the rectifier, boost chopper and inverter and output current of the inverter for variations in the output voltage of the generator with PI controller Voltage (V) Current (A) Time in sec Figure 14.output voltage and current of the grid 18 | P a g e www.iiste.org
  • 12. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online) Vol.1, No.1, 2011 Real power (W) power (w) Reactive Time in sec Figure 15. real and reative power of the grid with switched capacitor compensator 19 | P a g e www.iiste.org
  • 13. International Journals Call for Paper The IISTE, a U.S. publisher, is currently hosting the academic journals listed below. The peer review process of the following journals usually takes LESS THAN 14 business days and IISTE usually publishes a qualified article within 30 days. Authors should send their full paper to the following email address. More information can be found in the IISTE website : www.iiste.org Business, Economics, Finance and Management PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL European Journal of Business and Management EJBM@iiste.org Research Journal of Finance and Accounting RJFA@iiste.org Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development JESD@iiste.org Information and Knowledge Management IKM@iiste.org Developing Country Studies DCS@iiste.org Industrial Engineering Letters IEL@iiste.org Physical Sciences, Mathematics and Chemistry PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL Journal of Natural Sciences Research JNSR@iiste.org Chemistry and Materials Research CMR@iiste.org Mathematical Theory and Modeling MTM@iiste.org Advances in Physics Theories and Applications APTA@iiste.org Chemical and Process Engineering Research CPER@iiste.org Engineering, Technology and Systems PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems CEIS@iiste.org Innovative Systems Design and Engineering ISDE@iiste.org Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy JETP@iiste.org Information and Knowledge Management IKM@iiste.org Control Theory and Informatics CTI@iiste.org Journal of Information Engineering and Applications JIEA@iiste.org Industrial Engineering Letters IEL@iiste.org Network and Complex Systems NCS@iiste.org Environment, Civil, Materials Sciences PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL Journal of Environment and Earth Science JEES@iiste.org Civil and Environmental Research CER@iiste.org Journal of Natural Sciences Research JNSR@iiste.org Civil and Environmental Research CER@iiste.org Life Science, Food and Medical Sciences PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL Journal of Natural Sciences Research JNSR@iiste.org Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare JBAH@iiste.org Food Science and Quality Management FSQM@iiste.org Chemistry and Materials Research CMR@iiste.org Education, and other Social Sciences PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL Journal of Education and Practice JEP@iiste.org Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization JLPG@iiste.org Global knowledge sharing: New Media and Mass Communication NMMC@iiste.org EBSCO, Index Copernicus, Ulrich's Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy JETP@iiste.org Periodicals Directory, JournalTOCS, PKP Historical Research Letter HRL@iiste.org Open Archives Harvester, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Elektronische Public Policy and Administration Research PPAR@iiste.org Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB, Open J-Gate, International Affairs and Global Strategy IAGS@iiste.org OCLC WorldCat, Universe Digtial Library , Research on Humanities and Social Sciences RHSS@iiste.org NewJour, Google Scholar. Developing Country Studies DCS@iiste.org IISTE is member of CrossRef. All journals Arts and Design Studies ADS@iiste.org have high IC Impact Factor Values (ICV).