This presentation will give a brief idea about the major landforms of the earth.

1. CLASS 6
MAJOR
LANDFORMS OF
THE EARTH
Presented by: Akanksha

2. Earth is made up of
WATER LAND

3. Landforms are natural shapes or
features of the earth.
Landforms include mountains,
valleys, plateaus, plains, Island
and peninsula.
LANDFORMS

4.  The various landforms on the earth’s surface are a
result of two types of processes

5.  A mountain is a large landform that rises above the
surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a
peak.
 Some mountains occur in long chains called ranges.
 Some mountains peaks are permanently covered with snow
and are called snow caps.
 Hills are naturally raised areas of
land that are lower than mountains.
MOUNTAINS

6.  Mountains can also form along natural fault lines. These are
places in Earth's crust where tectonic plates grind against
each other.
 One other way mountains form is as the result of volcanic
activity below Earth's surface. Sometimes molten rock called
magma gets pushed up toward the surface. When that
happens, it cools and forms hard rock. Eventually, the softer
rock above it erodes to reveal a dome-shaped mountain
below.
HOW ARE MOUNTAINS FORMED?

7.  Mountains are classified based on how they formed:
TYPES OF MOUNTAINS
FOLD MOUNTAINS BLOCK MOUNTAINS
VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS RESIDUAL MOUNTAINS

8.  Fold mountains are formed
when two plates collide head
on, and their edges crumbled,
much the same way as a piece
of paper folds when pushed
together.
 The upward folds are known
as anticlines, and the
downward folds are synclines.
 Fold mountains are the most
common type of mountain.
The world’s largest mountain
ranges are fold mountains.
These ranges were formed
over millions of years.
 Example: Himalayas etc.
FOLD MOUNTAINS

9.  Block mountains are also
called fault block
mountains since they are
formed due to faulting as
a result of tensile and
compressive forces.
 Basically such mountains
are formed when cracks
or faults occur in the
earth’s crust and the land
between the crack sinks,
leaving upstanding blocks
on either side.
BLOCK MOUNTAINS

10. A volcano is a
mountain that has a
crack or hole in the
earth inside of it.
A volcano is a rupture
in the crust of a
planetary-mass
object, such as Earth,
that allows hot lava,
volcanic ash, and
gases to escape from
a magma chamber
below the surface.
VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS

11. Residual mountains
are those mountains
which have been
eroded by the agents
of degradation such
as winds, rain, frost
and running water.
The hard rocks that
are left behind are
called residual
mountains.
RESIDUAL MOUNTAINS

12. A valley is a low area
between hills or mountains
typically with a river running
through it.
There are three common
types of valleys which
include V-shaped valleys, U-
shaped valleys, and flat-
floored valleys.
VALLEY

13. It
usually
has a
river at
the
bottom.
V-SHAPED

14. U-shaped
valley is a
geological
formation
characteriz
ed by high
and steep
sides and a
rounded or
flat valley
bottom.
U- SHAPED

15. The shape of
the valley
changes
from a V or U
shaped
valley into
one with a
broad flat
valley floor.
An example
of a flat-
floored valley
is the Nile
River Valley.
FLAT-
FLOORED
VALLEY

16. A plateau is a flat, elevated
landform that rises sharply
above the surrounding area
on at least one side. A
plateau is a flat, elevated
landform that rises sharply
above the surrounding area
on at least one side.
PLATEAUS

17.  A plain is a broad area
of relatively flat land.
They cover more than
one-third of the world’s
land area. Plains exist
on every continent.
PLAINS

18. An island is a body of land
surrounded by water. Many
islands are quite small,
covering less than one acre.
These tiny islands are often
called islets. Islands in rivers
are sometimes called Aits or
Eyots.
ISLAND

19. A peninsula is a piece of
land that is almost entirely
surrounded by water but is
connected to the mainland
on one side.
PENINSULA