Training Session 4: Global Study on Gender Norms and Capacities to Innovate in Agriculture
Johanna Bergman-Lodin
Intro to Global Study on Innovation in Ag I
3. Programme
9:00
10:00
10:30
11:00
11:30
Overview of global study
- What is it about and current status (Johanna)
- Planning of the study and methods (Dina)
2 examples
- Nigeria (Johanna)
- Vietnam (Jessica)
Presentation of group exercise case, GL in Tanzania (Esther)
Leg stretcher + signing up for groups
Break out session / group exercise (Peter)
- Activity B (Esther)
- Activity C (Miranda)
- Activity D (Johanna)
- Activity E (Dina)
Coffee break
Break out session / group exercise, cont.
Wrap up – highlights from the groups (Peter)
4. Background to study
• Innovation in agriculture and NRM is critical to
reducing rural poverty.
• But innovation that ignores gender inequality is limited
in its impact and risks worsening the poverty, workload
and wellbeing of poor rural women and their families
• To design and scale out agricultural innovations that
deliver benefits to both poor women and men, we
need to understand gender norms that impact on their
ability to benefit from new technologies
5. The Global Study seeks to…
understand -- from the perspective of men’s and
women’s own views, understandings, and experiences
-- the relationships between gender norms, agency and
innovation in agriculture and NRM across a diverse set
of contexts
by
conducting global, comparative research through case
studies sharing a standardized qualitative
methodology
6. Study objectives
evidence on the relationship
between gender norms, agency and agricultural
innovation,
identifying the gender-based
constraints that need to be overcome
7. Main study questions:
•How do gender norms and agency advance or
impede ag/NRM innovation?
•How do ag/NRM innovations affect gender norms
and agency?
• Under what conditions can they do harm to women?
•How are gender norms and men’s and women’s
agency changing?
• And under what conditions do these changes catalyze innovation and
lead to desired development outcomes? What contextual factors
influence this relationship?
8. Opportunity
structure
Change in
empowerment
of poor women
and men
Agricultural and
NRM
technologies
Individual and
collective
capabilities for
agriculture and
NRM
Gender norms
and
institutional
climate for
inclusion and
accountability
Agenc
y
Innovation
Change in:
• Control of
assets,
inputs, and
benefits
• Food security
• Health and
Nutrition
• Environment
al integrity
9. What is a case?
Community
a reasonably well-defined single locality that the
inhabitants call their village or hamlet.
11. Variance at the community level
• Gender gaps in assets and capacities
• Girls v. boys primary school completion rates
• Women’s civic and political leadership
• Women’s physical mobility
• Economic dynamism
• Extent of competition over agric./NRM resources
• Infrastructure development
• Market orientation
• Sophistication of processing technologies
• Diversity and size of local market
• On and off-farm labor market
• Diversification of livelihoods ….
12. Expected results
strengthen gender expertise
Gender
Strategy integration of gender
transforming
restrictive gender norms and empowering poor rural
women
13. When What
June 2013 – the idea is born
October 2013 – the idea is
acted on
Early 2014 – tools ready and
pretested
May 2014 –ToT
June 2014 onwards – case
studies conducted
January 2015
• Workshop on Methods and Standards for
Research on Gender and Agriculture,
Montpellier
• The CGIAR Gender and Agriculture
Research Network hosts meeting in
Washington, DC with select CG gender
experts to discuss design.
• Patti completes the methodology guide.
• Guide piloted in Mexico and Uganda
• 20 CG gender researchers trained, Cali
• Approximately 40 case studies carried out
by various CRPs
• Meeting with PIs to exchange
experiences, plan how to proceed and
train in data analysis, side event to the
Gender Network meeting in Los Baños,
the Philippines
Montpellier, June 2013: Workshop on Methods and Standards for Research on Gender and Agriculture
Washington, Dc October 2013: The CGIAR Gender and Agriculture Research Network hosts meeting in Washington, DC with select CG gender experts to discuss design. Patti develops the study methodology.
The study has three key concepts that are highlighted here.
Standardized methodology – counterintuitive for a QUAL researcher…
All of these research questions are about understanding causal processes, and this is very challenging. And qualitative tools are really needed for looking at these questions in meaningful ways.
Gender norms constrain innovation in agriculture and NRM by supporting gender inequality in control over and use of productive assets & resources. This holds back development.
Innovation can transform gender norms and lead to empowerment.
More gender-equitable control over and use of resources leads to higher levels of poverty reduction, food security, nutrition and sustainable resource use.
The sampling framework is guided by principles of maximum diversity sampling. The logic is that if a pattern can be uncovered in a large number of varied places then there is more confidence i) in the finding ii) that unobserved variables are less important; and iii) that similar findings likely exist beyond the research sample (Peters 1998, 36-41).
DRAW AND EXPLAIN A 2X2 SAMPLING FRAMEWORK ON A FLIPCHART
Stronger economic dynamism
Weaker economic dynamism
Larger gender gaps in assets & capacities
Smaller gender gaps in assets & capacities
The CGIAR Gender and Agriculture Research Network sponsors a meeting in Washington, DC of a small group of CRP gender specialists interested in using qualitative research methods to design a global analysis of gender norms in agriculture. Patti Petesch, a World Bank consultant who designed the WB On Norms and Agency study adapts the study to CGIAR needs and requirements.