Building for the Internet of Things: Hardware, Sensors & the Cloud

BUILDING FOR
THE INTERNET
OF THINGS (IOT)
How devices, data, networks and the cloud are changing our world
Nick Landry
Senior Technical Evangelist - Microsoft
AgeofMobility.com
github.com/ActiveNick
@ActiveNick

DOWNLOAD THE
SLIDES AND DEMOS
http://slideshare.net/ActiveNick
https://github.com/ActiveNick

M Y B A C K G R O U N D I N E L E C T R O N I C S ( 1 9 8 2 )

M Y B A C K G R O U N D I N E L E C T R O N I C S ( 1 9 9 8 )

O V E R V I E W
Devices &
“Things”
Networks &
Protocols
“IoE”, “IoT”, “M2M”
What?
Cloud Computing
& Big Data
Part 1 Part 2

“A computer in every pot and chicken.”
~ Steve Teixeira (2014)
A C H A N G I N G W O R L D – A N E W
P E R S P E C T I V E
“A chicken in every pot.”
~ Henry IV of France – 17th Century
“A computer on every desk
and in every home.”
~ Bill Gates (1977)

W H AT I S T H E “ I N T E R N E T O F T H I N G S ”
Internet of things
Syllabification (Inter•net of things)
noun
A proposed development of the Internet in which everyday
objects have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive
data:
“If one thing can prevent the Internet of things from transforming the
way we live and work, it will be a breakdown in security.”
Source: Oxford Dictionary, yep, it’s really in the Oxford Dictionary. It got added at the end of August, 2013

C I S C O ’ S D E F I N I T I O N
“Bringing together people, process, data and
things to make networked connections more
relevant and valuable than ever before”
Source: Cisco

Kevin Ashton first used the phrase “Internet of Things” in a 1999 presentation on
RFID & the Supply Chain at Proctor and Gamble
Later, in 2009, he wrote about what he intended the phrase to mean in an
article he wrote for RFID Journal entitled:
“That ‘Internet of Things’ Thing:
In the real world, things matter more than ideas”
Source: Kevin Ashton, “That ‘Internet of Things’ Thing: In the real world, things matter more than ideas”, RFID Journal, June 2009
A P H R A S E C O I N E D

“Today computers—and, therefore, the Internet—are almost wholly dependent on
human beings for information. Nearly all of the roughly 50 petabytes (a petabyte is
1,024 terabytes) of data available on the Internet were first captured and created by
human beings—by typing, pressing a record button, taking a digital picture or
scanning a bar code…”

“If we had computers that knew everything there was to know about things—using
data they gathered without any help from us—we would be able to track and count
everything, and greatly reduce waste, loss and cost. We would know when things
needed replacing, repairing or recalling, and whether they were fresh or past their
best.”

“We need to empower computers with their own means of gathering information, so
they can see, hear and smell the world for themselves, in all its random glory. RFID
and sensor technology enable computers to observe, identify and understand the
world—without the limitations of human-entered data.”

A R O S E B Y A N Y O T H E R N A M E
Internet of Things (IoT)
Internet of Everything (IoE)
Pervasive Computing
Ubiquitous Computing (ubicomp)
Machine to Machine (M2M)
Industrial Internet

C O N N E C T E D “ T H I N G S ” V S P E O P L E
Source: Cisco & Internet World Stats
2003 2015 2020
Est. 50 Billion connected devices in 20202013 - Est. 10 Billion CONNECTED Devices
vs. Est. 7.14 Billion People World Population
2008
More connected devices
than connected people

I N T E R N E T O F T H I N G S : B Y T H E N U M B E R S
B5075212

W A N T M O R E S TAT S ?
Source: Cisco
There is as much
as
$14.4 Trillion
of value at stake
for the global
private sector over
the next decade
Of the
$1.2 Trillion
at stake for 2013,
over
47% ($500 Billion)
is being left on the
table
99.4% of physical
objects are still
unconnected! Or
Only 10 Billion of
the total 1.5 Trillion
things are
connected
There are
approximately 200
connectible things
per person in the
world today!
Wow!

B U I L D I N G A B E T T E R M O U S E T R A P
Source: “TEDx Warwick – Andy Stanford-Clark – Innovation Begins at Home”

T H E M A K E R R E V O L U T I O N

3 D P R I N T I N G & M I L L I N G

M A K E R S PA C E S , P L A C E S A N D FA I R E S
Not just for adults! Many of these places make
significant efforts to educate kids from elementary
school age and up. Often this is made possible by
STEM (or STEAM) grants.

C R O W D F U N D I N G
Since starting in 2009….
207,829 Projects
8,199,647 People
$1,604,316,630 Pledged
39% Projects Reached Goal
$2,478,287 Repeat Backers
Source: Kickstarter (March 19, 2015)

E N A B L E R S
Moore’s Law
Low Power
Wireless
Low Power
CPUs
Cloud
Computing
Cloud Data
Storage
Rapid
Prototyping
Standards
Crowdfunding
Toolsets &
Libraries

DEVICES & THINGS
Let’s see some cool stuff!

S O M E M I C R O C O N T R O L L E R B O A R D S

W H AT I S A R D U I N O ?
• Open source hardware platform andretail product line.
• Easy to understand programming language based on C++
• Programmable via USB port using many of today’s PC operating
systems (Windows, Mac, Linux)
• Very affordable and popular with a strong community
• Extensible hardware using
daughterboard “shields”
• Extensible software using
C++ libraries
• http://arduino.cc

A R D U I N O B O A R D S , C L O N E S , A N D
S H I E L D S
• Many flavors of Arduino boards available today
• Shields are used to expand hardware capabilities
• Arduino clones thanks to open source – many to choose from:
• Sparkfun, SainSmart, Tinyduino, BLEduino, etc.

N E T D U I N O
• Open source hardware created
by Secret Labs (NYC)
• Netduino Plus 2
• Netduino Go
• Pinout-compatible with Arduino
• Programmable in C# with
Visual Studio
• Runs .NET Micro Framework

. N E T M I C R O F R A M E W O R K
• Open source platform by Microsoft Open Technologies
• Enables you to write managed code C# applications using Visual
Studio for resource constrained embedded devices
• Originally developed for the Microsoft SPOT smartwatch
• Latest version: 4.3 QFE2. Version 4.4 currently in beta
• http://www.netmf.com
• http://blogs.msdn.com/b/netmfteam

R A S P B E R R Y P I
• Full single-board computer with SoC
• Average cost: $30 to $45
• Model A, A+, B, B+ and Raspberry Pi 2 B
• Runs Linux – flavor of Debian
called Raspbian
• http://www.raspbian.org
• Huge accessory selection
• Programmable
• Python
• C# (Mono), etc.
• 5+ million units sold in 3 years
of manufacture, technically the
largest computer manufacturer in UK!

5mm
32-bit x86 @ 400Mhz, single core
Industry-standard I/Os
DDR3 memory controller
15x15mm package
Scalar instruction set architecture
Arduino-compatible board
Quark CPU
256M RAM
USB, SD slot, Ethernet
I N T E L G A L I L E O A N D Q U A R K X 1 0 0 0

https://www.WindowsOnDevices.com

N E W W I N D O W S , N E W D E V I C E S
• Windows 10 is coming to the Raspberry Pi 2
• http://dev.windows.com/en-us/featured/raspberrypi2support

M O R E P O W E R F U L B O A R D S ( M O R E $ $ $ )
Minnowboard Max SharksCove

• Arduino
• Raspberry Pi
• .NET Gadgeteer
• Netduino
• Beagleboard
• Intel Galileo
• Intel Edison
• SharksCove
• Windows Embedded
• Android
• Spark Core
• Minnowboard Max
• Gemma
• Tinyduino
• Freescale
• Teensy
A N D L O T S , L O T S M O R E …
• Parallax
• pcDuino
• Espruino
• TI LaunchPad
• Picaxe
• Wiring
• littleBits
• FPGA Boards…

DEMO Hello World – Maker Edition

A R D U I N O P O W E R
The Arduino can be powered
either by the USB cable from the
host PC or by an external DC
power source (7V-12V
Recommended Range). A 9V
battery is a popular choice.
The Arduino also as 5V, 3.3V and
3 GND pins to supply voltages to
your project components.

G P I O
• General Purpose Input Output
• Pin that can be controlled by the user
• Can be set to input or output
• Input can be things like temperature sensors, buttons, IR etc
• Output can be LEDs, Motors, LCDs etc

A R D U I N O D I G I TA L P I N S
Pins 0-13 Are Digital Pins
pinMode(pin,INPUT) sets a pin as an input
pinMode(pin,OUTPUT) sets the pin as output
digitalWrite(pin,LOW) sets the pin to 0v
digitalWrite(pin,HIGH) sets the pin to +5v
digitalRead(pin) reads the pin state
Analog Pins A0-A5 can also be used as
digital pins if they aren’t needed for
analog use.

A N A L O G V S . D I G I TA L
• Computers understand digital signals
• Analog needs to be converted (ADC)
• Analog input covers voltage levels into a digital value within a
defined range
• Digital is counted in fixed units, not measured.
• PWM – Pulse Width Modulation – to “fake”analog
• Serial Communication with Rx/Tx

A R D U I N O A N A L O G P I N S
Pins A0-A5 Are Analog Pins
pinMode(pin,INPUT) sets a pin as an input
analogRead(pin) reads the pin value (0-1023)
These pins map to a 6 channel, 10-bit
Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter. This
allows you to read an analog voltage as
a mapped value that ranges from
decimal 0 to 1023

L E D S
Long Leg Short Leg
Small Post Big Post
Flat Edge
Vcc (+) GND
Anode (+) Cathode (-)

Providing more current than an LED is rated for can destroy the LED. To prevent that, you should use a “Current
Limiting” resistor.
To calculate the value of the resistor you need to know the supply voltage, and the LEDs rated Forward Voltage (the
voltage drop across the LED) and Forward Current (the maximum current the LED can handle)
C U R R E N T L I M I T I N G R E S I S T O R S
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 (𝑅) =
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑉𝑠 − 𝐿𝐸𝐷 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑉𝑓)
𝐿𝐸𝐷 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝐼𝑓)
𝑅 =
𝑉𝑠 − 𝑉𝑓
𝐼𝑓
=
5𝑉 − 2𝑉
.02𝐴
= 150Ω
𝑉𝑓 = 2𝑉𝑑𝑐 𝐼𝑓 = 20𝑚𝐴
𝑉𝑠 = 5𝑉𝑑𝑐
Having said that, you’ll likely find that for most quick
experiments and demos you can skip using a current limiting
resistor and just power the LED directly. USUALLY the LED will
survive just fine, but sometimes…..

P O T E N T I O M E T E R – VA R I A B L E R E S I S T O R

P U L S E W I DT H M O D U L AT I O N ( P W M )
P I N S
Pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10 & 11 are PWM
pins. Identified by “~” symbol
analogWrite(pin,value) (link)
These pins use Pulse Width Modulation to
simulate an analog voltage by turning the pin
on and off based on the value provided:
0 (always off) - 255 (always on)
Can be used to dim LEDs, control motor speed,
etc.

B R E A D B O A R D S
Breadboards offer a great way to
prototype circuits. The provide a
number of “buses” for connecting
both power and components.
Power buses run the entire
horizontal length
Component buses give you easy
ways to connect pins together

S E R I A L C O M M U N I C AT I O N S
A virtual COM Port is created when you connect your Arduino to your PC

HOW DO THEY
COMMUNICATE?
What are the networking protocols and standards that make this work?

C O N N E C T I O N PAT H S
People
Machines
(things)
P2P
Social Networking
Email, Skype, etc.
P2M
Home automation,
Self Tracking, etc.
M2M
Smart Grid,
Smart Home, etc…

I P V 4 ( 3 2 B I T ) A D D R E S S S PA C E
4,294,967,295
or
4.3 Billion Addresses

I P V 6 ( 1 2 8 B I T ) A D D R E S S S PA C E
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
or
340.3 Undecillion Addresses
HundredThousandMillionBillionTrillionQuadrillionQuintillionSextillionSeptillionOctillionNonillionDecillionUndecillion
Remember, we’re only talking about trillions of devices! and billions of people!

W I R E L E S S , S W A R M S , A N D C L O U D S
Want to know more? Check out Cisco’s Flavio Bonomi’s “Emerging Trends in Wireless in the Era of IoT”

THAT SOUNDS LIKE A
LOT OF DATA
How are we going to store, process, and analyze it all?

H O W M U C H D ATA I S O U T T H E R E ?
H A R D T O S AY !
Outlook.com has over 400 million
active accounts
Over 150 Petabytes of data stored!
Source: Outlook Blog

G I G A , T E R A , E X A , P E TA , Z E T TA , Y O T TA
If a one minute mp3 music file is about 1.1MB then…
16 Hours
1.8 Years
1913 Years
1.9 Million Years
2 Billion Years
That’s a “yotta” music!
Cisco predicts that annual internet traffic
volume will hit 1.3 Zettabytes by 2016 (source)

O U C H . T H AT H U R T S M Y B R A I N
Image courtesy of Jack Germsheid

C L O U D C O M P U T I N G
Compute
Services
Application
Services
The current state of cloud computing
revolves mainly around the running of
Virtual Machines (IaaS) or applications
(PaaS) in the cloud vendor’s data centers.
In addition to running your code, cloud
services can store your files & data, help
authenticate your users, route data
between your networks, stream your
videos, and much more.

C L O U D O V E R V I E W : I A A S , PA A S , S A A S
Networking
Storage
Servers
Virtualization
O/S
Middleware
Runtime
Data
Applications
Youmanage
Traditional
Software
Networking
Storage
Servers
Virtualization
Managedbyvendor
O/S
Middleware
Runtime
Data
Applications
Youmanage
Infrastructure
(as a service)
Networking
Storage
Servers
Virtualization
O/S
Middleware
Runtime
Managedbyvendor
Data
Applications
Youmanage
Platform
(as a service)
Applications
Data
Runtime
Middleware
O/S
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
Managedbyvendor
Software
(as a service)

C L O U D S T O R A G E
Azure Blob Storage
Files
Azure Table Storage
MongoDB, etc
NoSQL
Azure SQL Database
Azure Queues
Azure Service Bus
Queues

C O N N E C T I N G T H I N G S T O T H E C L O U D

C O N N E C T T H E D O T S
• MS Open Tech IoT Demo
• Weather data
• Multiple setup options
• Arduino + Rasp Pi
• .NET MF Gadgeteer
• Azure Backend
• Event Hubs
• Streaming Analytics
• Azure Websites
• https://github.com/MSOpenTech/connectthedots

C O N N E C T T H E D O T S A R C H I T E C T U R E

A R D U I N O + R A S P B E R R Y P I S E T U P

http://connectthedotsdx.azurewebsites.net

RESOURCES
How do I get started? What should I buy? Any good tutorials out there?

W H E R E T O B U Y M A K E R S T U F F ?
• Sparkfun (www.sparkfun.com)
• Adafruit (www.adafruit.com)
• Maker Shed (www.makershed.com)
• Mouser Electronics (www.mouser.com)
• Netgate (www.netgate.com)
• Amazon (www.amazon.com)
• Radio Shack (www.radioshack.com)
• The retail stores are perfect when you need parts urgently

M A K E M A G A Z I N E
• Makezine.com
• Print & Digital

M A K E R R E S O U R C E S
• HackADay (www.hackaday.com)
• Instructables (www.instructables.com)
• CreativeApplications (www.creativeapplications.net)

M A K E R B O O K S ?
Maker Media (O’Reilly)
http://shop.oreilly.com/category/publishers/make.do
Packt Publishing
https://www.packtpub.com/hardware-and-creative

A R D U I N O P R O J E C T H A N D B O O K
• https://arduinohandbook.wordpress.com

F R I T Z I N G : E L E C T R O N I C D I A G R A M M I N G
• http://fritzing.org
• Open-source hardware initiative
that makes electronics accessible
as a creative material for anyone
• Software tool
• Community website
• Services
• Foster a creative ecosystem
• Allow user to document their
prototypes & share with others
• Teach electronics in classrooms
• Layout and manufacture
professional pcbs

M I C R O S O F T V I R T U A L A C A D E M Y
• Programming Robotic Systems with Visual Studio
• With Chris Howd & Paul Pardi, Microsoft
• Course Outline
• 01 | Embedded Systems, Robotics, and this MVA Training Series
• 02 | Getting Started with Arduino
• 03 | Creating Your First Arduino Robot
• 04 | Controlling a Robotic Arm
• 05 | Integrating Advanced Sensors and Shields
• 06 | Mapping Areas and Detecting Objects
• 07 | Integrating Wireless Control and Communication
• 08 | Looking Ahead
• http://www.microsoftvirtualacademy.com/training-courses/programming-
robotic-systems-with-visual-studio

M I C R O S O F T D X I O T R E S O U R C E L I N K S
• Bret Stateham: IoT, Galileo
• https://github.com/bretstateham/iot
• Jeremy Foster: Intel Edison
• http://codefoster.com/edison
• Stacey Mulcahy
• http://thebitchwhocodes.com/blog
• Paul de Carlo
• http://pjdecarlo.com
• Nick Landry
• http://AgeofMobility.com

I O T PA N E L AT T H I N G S E X P O 2 0 1 4
• Microsoft, IBM, Kaazing, Xively/LogMeIn & Aria
• http://aka.ms/iotpanel2014

R E V I E W
Devices &
“Things”
Networks &
Protocols
“IoE”, “IoT”, “M2M”
What?
Cloud Computing
& Big Data

HAVE FUN!
Go build something…

P L E A S E H A C K S A F E L Y !

T H A N K Y O U !
Slides are posted on Slideshare. Demos are on GitHub.
Please fill out an evaluation. Your feedback is important and appreciated.
Slideshare: www.slideshare.net/ActiveNick
Blog: www.AgeofMobility.com
Twitter: @ActiveNick
Mobile Apps: www.bigbaldapps.com
LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/activenick
GitHub: github.com/ActiveNick
Email: nick.landry@microsoft.com

Building for the Internet of Things: Hardware, Sensors & the Cloud

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