Assembly of Macromolecular Complexes Carbohydrate Proteins Nucleic acid *Presented By: Abubakar Mustapha Pharm. D Third Year, Integral University Lucknow, UP, India

1. Assembly of Macromolecular
Complexes
Presented By:
Abubakar Mustapha
Pharm. D 3rd Year
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2. INTRODUCTION
• All cells of all living organisms consist of the same
basic building blocks of proteins, nucleic acids,
carbohydrates and lipids.
• Yet in the crowded conditions of the cytoplasm or the
cell membrane, few if any of these components work
alone.
• On the contrary, they usually assemble into larger
functional units, consisting of anything from a few to a
few hundreds or even thousands of individual
macromolecular components.
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3. INTRODUCTION CONT…
• Many of these macromolecular complexes can be
thought of as molecular machines,
• In the sense that they are complex, have moving parts
that carry out the same step many times over, and
consume energy.
• Role: Reading out and translating the genetic code;
generating or converting metabolic energy; generating
force to enable the cell to move; synthesizing or
secreting metabolites or other macromolecules;
recognizing and reacting the signals from the outside
world.
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4. DEFINITION
• This is a stable assembly of two or more
macromolecules i.e. protein, nucleic acids, and
carbohydrates or lipids, in which the
constituent parts functions together.
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5. 1. Carbohydrates [CHO]
• They are usually defined as the
polyhydroxy aldehydes of ketones or
substance that hydrolyze to give
polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones
carbohydrates divided into three
classes:-
Monosaccharides e.g..
• Glucose and fructose
Oligosaccharides
• Sucrose and lactose
Polysaccharides
• Starch and glycogen
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6. Functions of Carbohydrates
• Major energy source for the cell
• Major structural components of plant cell
• Immediate energy in form of glucose
• Reserve or stored energy in the form of glycogen.
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7. 2. Proteins
• Proteins are very large molecules composed of basic
units called amino acids joined together by peptide
bond.
• In addition to containing carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen amino acids contain nitrogen.
• Protein molecules are large, complex molecules
formed by one or more twisted and folded strands of
amino acids.
• Proteins are highly complex molecules that are actively
involved in the most basic and important aspects of
life.
• These include metabolism, movement, defense,
cellular communication, and molecular recognition.
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8. Functions of Proteins
• Proteins are a class of
macromolecules that
perform a diverse range of
functions for the cell.
• They help in metabolism by
providing structural support
and by acting as enzymes,
carriers, or hormones.
• The building blocks of
proteins (monomers) are
amino acids.
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9. 3. Nucleic Acids
• Nucleic acid are polymers
that consist of nucleotide
residues. Located in nuclei
of cell.
• Hereditary determinants of
living organisms.
• Elemental composition –
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen and phosphorus.
• TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACID
• Deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA)
• Ribonucleic acid (RNA) 9

10. Functions of Nucleic acids
• The functions of nucleic acids have to do with the
storage and expression of genetic information.
• Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) encodes the information
the cell needs to make proteins.
• A related type of nucleic acid, called ribonucleic acid
(RNA), comes in different molecular forms that
participate in protein synthesis.
• Nucleic acid extremely important in central dogma of
life; DNA replication, transcription and translation
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11. Thank you
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