1.
Asthma
By:Reel Esmat

2.
Objactive
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Defintion
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Type of asthma
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Etiology
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Pathophyology
•
Snig and symptom
•
Clinical manifestaion
•
Diagnostic studies
•
Complication
•
Mangmant
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Nursing diagnosis

3.
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A chronic disease in which the
bronchial airways in the lungs
become narrowed and swollen,
making it difficult to breathe

4.
•
•
The pathophysiology of asthma is
complex and involves airway
inflammation, intermittent airflow
obstruction, and bronchial
hyperresponsiveness

5.
Type of asthma

6.
'Seasonal' asthma.
Occupational asthma
Non-allergic asthma
'Exercise-induced' asthma
sever asthma

7.
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Allergic asthma
Allergic asthma, sometimes called atopic asthma, is
asthma triggered by allergens like pollen, pets, and
dust mites. About 80% of people with asthma have
allergies.

8.
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Seasonal’ asthma
Some people have asthma that only flares up at
certain times of the year, such as during hay fever
season, or when it’s cold.

9.
•
Occupational asthma
Occupational asthma is asthma caused directly by the
work you do. You might have occupational asthma if:
your asthma symptoms started as an adult and
your asthma symptoms improve on the days you’re not
at work.

10.
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Non-allergic asthma
Non-allergic asthma, also known as non-atopic
asthma, is asthma that isn’t related to an allergy
trigger like pollen or dust. It’s less common than
allergic asthma. Non-allergic asthma often develops
later in life.

11.
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Exercise-induced’ asthma
About 90% of people with asthma have tightening of
the airways caused by exercise. However, this can
also occur in people without asthma.

12.
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Severe asthma
About 4% of people with asthma have what’s known
as severe asthma. Severe asthma is usually
diagnosed and treated in a specialist asthma clinic.

13.
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Tobacco Smoke.
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Dust Mites.
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Outdoor Air Pollution.
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Pests (e.g., cockroaches, mice)
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Pets.
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Mold.
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Cleaning and Disinfection.
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Other Triggers.
•

14.
Risk Factors
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Age Children >.
Adults
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Gender Overall
Females> males
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Race African
American > Caucasian
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Ethnicity Hispanic >
Non-Hispanic

15.
Snig and symptom

16.
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wheezing, coughing and chest tightness becoming
severe and constant.
•
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breathless to eat, speak or sleep
•
•
breathing faster.
•
•
fast heartbeat.
•
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drowsiness, confusion, exhaustion or dizziness.
•
blue lips or fingers.
•
fainting

17.
Clinical mainfistation

18.
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The clinical manifestations of asthma include
recurrent episodes of wheezing, chest tightness,
cough and shortness of breath. The symptoms are
often worse at night or on waking from sleep.
Usually, they resolve spontaneously or with the
inhalation of a reliever medication

19.
Prevention

20.
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How to avoid common asthma triggers
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Asthma triggers may be different for everyone.
Learning how to avoid them can prevent asthma
attacks.
•
•
Here are some things you can do to avoid the most
common triggers of asthma:

21.
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Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke
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Wear a mask when painting, doing construction
work or yard work
•
Get your flu shot
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Use HEPA filters in your vacuum, furnace and air
conditioner
•
Use protective bedding and pillow cases to reduce
allergies
•

22.
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Keep pets out of your home
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Manage stress levels to avoid panic attacks
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See a specialist to identify allergies and learn how
to avoid them
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Stay on your prescribed maintenance medicine

23.
Diagnostic stuides

24.
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FeNO test – you breathe into a machine that
measures the level of nitric oxide in your breath,
which is a sign of inflammation in your lungs
•
spirometry – you blow into a machine that
measures how fast you can breathe out and how
much air you can hold in your lungs

25.
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After you're diagnosed with asthma, you may also
have a chest X-ray or allergy tests to see if your
symptoms might be triggered by an allergy.

26.
Compelication

27.
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Asthma complications include: Signs and symptoms
that interfere with sleep, work and other activities.
Sick days from work or school during asthma flare-
ups
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. A permanent narrowing of the tubes that carry air
to and from your lungs (bronchial tubes), which
affects how well you can breathe

28.
Mangmant

29.
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Identify and minimize contact with asthma triggers.
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Understand and take medications as prescribed.
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Monitor asthma to recognize signs when it is
getting worse.
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Know what to do when asthma gets worse

30.
Treatment

31.
Long-term asthma control
medications
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Inhaled corticosteroids
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Leukotriene modifiers
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Long-acting beta agonists (LABAs)
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Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs)
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Combination inhalers
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Theophylline

32.
Quick-relief medications (rescue
medications)
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Short-acting beta agonists such as albuterol
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Ipratropium (Atrovent HFA)
•
Oral corticosteroids (for severe asthma attacks)

33.
Medications for allergy-induced
asthma
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Allergy shots (immunotherapy)
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Under-the-tongue (sublingual) immunotherapy
tablets
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Allergy medications

34.
Nursing diagnosis

35.
Ineffective Breathing Pattern
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Encourage the client to use breathing exercises
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Promote weight reduction for the client
experiencing obesity.
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Educate about environmental control and allergen
avoidance
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Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke.
•
Administer medications for asthma

36.
Anxiety
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Provide comfort measures.
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Explain every procedure to the client simply and
concisely.
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Encourage the use of relaxation techniques