Jin Ma, Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR)

2. Tradition and innovation
of ammonia refrigeration in China
Ma Jin
Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR)

3. 报告内容 Content of this report
中国大陆地区冻结物冷藏库的传统技术选择
The choice of traditional technology for frozen
storage in mainland China
1
传统技术选择在近年面临的问题
The problems of traditional technology in
recent years
2
通过技术创新延续传统
Continuance of tradition through technology
innovation
3

4. 1、中国大陆地区冻结物冷藏库的传统技术选择 The choice of
traditional technology for frozen storage in mainland China
采用氨冷排管制冷
系统是中国大陆地
区冻结物冷藏库的
传统技术选择，
2013~2014年之前占
比不少于80%，近年
新建的也不少于50%
（包括氟利昂和二
氧化碳冷排管）。
Ammonia row of
tubes are the
choice of
tradition.
From 1950s to 2010s

5. 1、中国大陆地区冻结物冷藏库的传统技术选择 The choice of
traditional technology for frozen storage in mainland China
历史因素：中国大
陆地区从上世纪50
年代开始持续建造
冷库，学习前苏联
的技术，冻结物冷
藏库几乎全部采用
氨冷排管制冷系统，
并且以此为核心建
立了整套的装备制
造、运营管理和人
员培训体系。
Learn from
the Soviet Union
From 1960s to now

6. 1、中国大陆地区冻结物冷藏库的传统技术选择 The choice of
traditional technology for frozen storage in mainland China
现实因素：食品包
装的整体水平不高
导致干耗差别；电
耗相差30%左右导致
运营成本差别，客
户的信念导致经营
成本差别。
Poor packaging,
even no.
Power consumption
difference about
30%.
Customer belief.
From 1950s
to now

7. 2、传统技术选择在近年面临的问题
The problems of traditional technology in recent years
2013年是中国冷冻冷藏行业的一个重要转折点
A major turning point came in 2013
for cold storage industry in mainland China
2013年发生了两起令人痛心的与氨制冷系统相关的安全事故，
虽然调查表明事故根源是企业在工程建设和运营管理阶段不遵守规
范和标准，但还是给环保、经济、高效的氨制冷系统的应用投下了
深深的阴影，甚至引发“谈氨色变”，行业自身也开始反思灌注量
巨大的氨冷排管。
Two sad incidents
in 2013

8. 2、传统技术选择在近年面临的问题
The problems of traditional technology in recent years
淘汰氨制冷系统和冷排管并不容易
It is difficult to weed out ammonia and row of tubes
for cold storage industry in mainland China
通过采用冷风机减少氨灌注量仍旧存在系统性的困难：中国大
陆地区幅员辽阔，经济发展水平差别巨大导致食品包装的品质参差
不齐，短期内很难统一；相对于人工费，大型冷库的电费占比更高；
客户的观念在短期内很难改变。
采用氟利昂冷排管面临越来越严格的环保压力，并且制冷剂成
本、制冷系统效率等问题也不易解决。
ATTENTION!
Customer belief

9. 3、通过技术创新延续传统
Continuance of tradition through technology innovation
氨泵定量供液制冷系统:氨冷排管换热系数减少约8%，灌注量减少
33~40%，换热温差增加0.5~1k。即同等工况下冷排管换热面积基本
不变，造价基本相同时氨灌注量可以减少33~40%。
Ammonia servo liquid pump circulation system: The heat
transfer coefficient of the ammonia row of tubes is
reduced about 8%, the ammonia charge is reduced 33~40%,
and the temperature difference is increased 0.5~1k.That is,
under the same operating condition, the heat exchange area
can be unchanged, the cost is about the same and the
ammonia charge can be reduced 33-40%.
Project process

10. 3、通过技术创新延续传统
Continuance of tradition through technology innovation
二氧化碳冷排管与氨制冷系统复叠：氨灌注量减少95%以上，由于
需要热气融霜，必须采用复叠式，同等条件下，与氨制冷系统相比
COP值基本相同，造价增加不超过10%。到目前为止，应用二氧化碳
冷排管的工程已经近百家。
CO2 row of tubes and ammonia cascade system: The ammonia
charge can be reduced more than 95%, because of hot gas
defrost is needed, the cascade type must be adopted.
Compare with ammonia row of tubes, the same conditions,
the same COP, and the cost increasing no more than 10%.
Now this technology has been used in nearly 100 project.
Nearly 100 project

11. 3、通过技术创新延续传统
Continuance of tradition through technology innovation
回顾与展望 Retrospect and prospect
作为这两项技术的主要研究者和推广者，我个人认为冷排管的传统与创新只是
中国大陆地区冻结物冷藏库在特定历史和经济条件下的一种现实选择，随着经济的
发展，食品包装越来越好、人工成本不断提高、安全要求越来越严，冷排管逐步退
出将是大概率的事件,与此同时，氨制冷剂将逐步回归。
As the main researchers and spreader of these two technologies, in my
personal opinion, the tradition and innovation of the row of tubes is a
realistic choice for cold storage industry in mainland China in a
certain historical and economic conditions, with the development of
economy, food packaging is getting better and better, labor costs
continue to improve, more and more strict safety request, it will be a
great probability event that the row of tubes gradually disappear，
meanwhile, ammonia refrigerant will return gradually.