We are introducing about reactive dye and disperse dye on fabric. At present reactive dye and disperse dyes is not a single word globally now it achieved vast sector in dyeing sector. I just try to make a different reactive dye and disperse dye on fabric application based.

3. We are introducing about reactive dye and disperse dye on fabric. At present
reactive dye and disperse dyes is not a single word globally now it achieved
vast sector in dyeing sector.
Reactive dyes are very popular and wide used in the wet processing industry
of cotton in Bangladesh and Abroad because of Water soluble dyes. Make
covalent bond with the fibers. A certain amount of dye is hydrolyzed during
(10-60%).Dyeing is carried out in alkaline condition (ph=11.5).Huge electrolyte
is necessary for dyeing with reactive dyes. Fastness (wash, light, rubbing,
perspiration) properties are generally good .Easy applicable to cellulosic as
well as protein fibers. (Wool & silk).
Disperse dyes is a universal dyes for polyester fabric. Disperse dyes can be
used with various techniques and will readily colour synthetics such as
polyester, nylon, cellulose acetate, vilene, viscose, synthetic velvets and PVC.
They can also be used to colour plastic buttons and fastenings.
Now a dye we are fully depended on reactive dye and disperse dyes. More
than 80% use reactive dye and disperse dyes for dyeing textile goods.

9. Types Exhaust dyeing
temperature(0c)
Alkali recommended
High reactivity(cold
brand)
25-40 Weak Alkali(NaHCO3)
Medium
reactivity(Warm brand)
40-60 Mild Alkali(Na2CO3)
Low Reactivity(hot
brand)
60-95 Strong Alkali(NaOH)

10. Importance factors for reactive dyeing:
•Ph of the dye bath.
•Temperature of dyeing
•Concentration of electrolyte
•The time of dyeing
•Liquor ratio.
1. Ph of the dye bath.
•Strong alkali is used for low reactive dyes Ph:11-12.
•Medium alkali is used for medium reactive dyes Ph :10.5-11
•Weak alkali is used for high reactive dyes. Ph: 10-11.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
pH-12 low
reactivity
pH-10.5
medium
reactivity
pH-11 high
reactivity
East
Figure: Relation between pH & temperature of reactive dyes

11. Disperse dyeing mechanism
The four stages of the process mechanism are as follows
a. Some of the dyes dissolve in the water of the dyebath.
b. Molecules of dye are transferred from solution to the surface of the fibre.
c. The solution in the dyebath is replenished by the dissolution of more solid material
from the dispersion.
d. The adsorbed dye diffuses monomolecularly into the fibre.
The process of transfer from the aqueous solution to the fibre is comparable with the
extraction of a solute from one solvent by a second, immiscible solvent and similar laws of partition
are applicable. Distribution coefficients that are related to the solubilities of the dyes in the aqueous
and fibre phases can be determined for different processing temperatures, although they may be
affected by the simultaneous equilibrium between the aqueous and solid phases of the dye. The
rates of the first and second stages of the process mechanism are governed by these solubilities.
It was established that the disperse dyeing system was truly reversible and that the results
conformed to a rectilinear isotherm. Typical results show linear relationship in distribution of dye
between polyester and water. It is well established that dyeing with disperse dyes .

12. application

13. 100% Cotton Dyeing Procedure SOLID COLOR
PROCESS
LOAD FABRICS
95X60 SCOURING (DETERGENT-.5%+ANTICREASING-.5%+STABLIZER-.6%+SEQUESTERING-
.6%+NAOH-2.5%+H2O2-2.5%)
60X20 NEUTRALIZATION (A.ACID -.8%)
PEROXIDE KILLER -.6%
60X20 NEUTRALIZATION (A.ACID -.6%)
55X60 ENZYME- .5%
TEMPERATURE RAISE 70 C FOR DESTROYING ENZYME
40’C SEQUESTERING-.5%+ ANTICREASING-.5%+A.ACID-.6%+LEVELING-1.5%+SALT
COLOR DOSING FOR 30 MIN
RUN TIME 20 MIN ,TEMP 50-60
ADD SODA(NAOH) PROGRASIVE DOSING FOR 30 MIN
65X45-60 (DEPEND ON SHADE) COLOR STEAM
SHADE CHECK
BATH DRAIN(BD)
90X25 HOT WASH+(SOAP-.5%)
60X20 NORMAL WASH
SHADE CHECK
60X20 NEUTRALIZATION (A.ACID -.6%)
45X30 FIXING -1%
50X30 SOFTNER-.8%+A.ACID-.2%
SHADE CHECK
COOLING DOWN AND RINSE DRAIN

14. Compares between reactive and disperse dyeing phase
500C 20' 20' 10' Semplecheek 650Cx10min
Levelling Salt 600C Dye Soda Sole
Fig: dyeing curve on different phase of reactive dyes
Figure: dyeing curve on different phase of disperse dyes

15. Process
Load Fabrics
95X60 SCOURING (DETERGENT-.5%+ANTICREASING-.5%+STABLIZER-
.6%+SEQUESTERING-.6%+NAOH-2.5%+H2O2-2.5%)
60X20 NEUTRALIZATION (A.ACID -.8%)
PEROXIDE KILLER -.6%
60X20 NEUTRALIZATION (A.ACID -.6%)
55X60 ENZYME- .5%
TEMPERATURE RAISE 70 c FOR DESTROYING ENZYME
60X10 LEVELING-1.5%+COLOR+SALT+SEQ-.5%+ANTRICREASING-.5%
TEMPER RAISE 80X20 FOR MIGRATION
COOLING (60 FOR 10MIN)
SODA DOSING (60 FOR 30 MIN)
COLOR STEAMING(60X40)
SHADE CHECK
BATH DRAIN(BD)
90X25 HOT WASH+(SOAP-.5%)
60X20 NORMAL WASH
Shade Check
60X20 NEUTRALIZATION (A.ACID -.6%)
45X30 FIXING -1%
50X30 SOFTNER-.8%+A.ACID-.2%
Shade Check
Cooling Down And Rinse Drain
100% COTTON DYEING PROCEDURE SOLID COLOR TURQUOISE
MIGRATION PROCESS

16. 100% COTTON FLUORESCENT DYEING PROCEDURE OPTICAL
WHITE/FLUORESCENT WHITENERS
Process
Load Fabrics
95X60 SCOURING ( DETERGENT-.5%+ANTICREASING-.5%+STABLIZER-
.6%+SEQUESTERING-.6%+NAOH-2.5%+H2O2-2.5%)
60X20 NEUTRALIZATION (A.ACID -.8%)
PEROXIDE KILLER -.6%
60X20 NEUTRALIZATION (A.ACID -.6%)
80X45 SYNO WHITE(OBA) 4BK -.3%
Shade Check
55X60 ENZYME- .5%
TEMPERATURE RAISE 70 c FOR DESTROYING ENZYME
50X30 SOFTNER-.8%+A.ACID-.2%
Shade Check
Cooling Down And Rinse Drain

17. Process
Load Fabrics
SCOURING
DETERGENT-.5%
95X45 ANTICREASING-.8%
STABLIZER-.5%
SEQUESTERING-.6%
NAOH-3%
H2O2-7%
Shade Check
60X20 NEUTRALIZATION (A.ACID -.8%)
PEROXIDE KILLER -.6%
60X20 NEUTRALIZATION (A.ACID -.6%)
55X60 ENZYME- .5%
TEMPERATURE RAISE 70 c FOR DESTROYING ENZYME
50X30 SOFTNER-.8%+A.ACID-.2%
Shade Check
Cooling Down And Rinse Drain

18. Reactive dye contains reactive group and this reactive group makes covalent
bond with fibers and becomes part of the fiber. By their nature, reactive dyes
also react with water. Dyes which reacts with the fiber is said to be “fixed” to
the fiber. Dye which reacts with water is said to be “hydrolyzed.”
Hydrolysis reaction
H—O—H + Dye—X  Dye—OH + HX
During the secondary exhaustion when alkalie is added, there is a second reaction that also
sets in motion in parallel ( i.e. the hydrolysis of the Reactive dye with water) in
competition to the fixation of the dye that is the primary aim. The dye anion is equally
facilitated to react with OH of water to form the hydrolyzed dye in which state the dye is
as good as a direct dye with all its ‘undesirable’ characteristics.
It is the reactive group in the dye, pH and temperature that influence the hydrolysis of dye
in preference to reacting with cellulose. It becomes critical that the hydrolysis is curbed to
maximize efficiency. The relationship between temperature and reactivity is that higher
temperatures require lower alkalinity; to optimize on hydrolysis. They can be broadly
grouped under ‘High’ ‘Medium’ and ‘Low’ categories requiring 40º C. 60 º C and
80º.C respectively - levels of pH 12.5 for High (cold dyeing), 11.5 for Medium (Warm
dyeing) and 10 - 11.0 for Low (Hot Dyeing) for the reaction to proceed more
favorably towards the substrate.

19. Difference between reactive dye and disperse dye on fabric.
We know that reactive and disperse fully different dyes due to their properties, molecular
size, application, water absorbency, solubility.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
reactivity low HTHP medium reactivity carrier method
reactive
disperse
Figure: temp. Effect between reactive and disperse
Temperature

20. Application
reactive
disperse
acid dyes
others dyes
Figure: Application of total dyeing
Absorbency by Fibre:
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
pH-3 pH-4.5-5.5 pH-9 11.5
Reactve
Figure: Absorbency % by reactive dye due to pH.

21. 0
20
40
60
80
100
pH-3 pH-4.5-5.5 pH-9 pH-12
disperse
pH of dyebath
Generally, in the commercial dyeing of polyester fibres with disperse dyes,
dyeing is carried out within the pH range 5.5 to 6.5. Strongly alkaline or acidic
conditions, such as higher than pH 9 and lower than pH 4, induce hydrolysis
of the fibre as well as decomposition of azo disperse dyes .In the case of high
temperature dyeing, this degradation of polyester fibre and dye is accelerated

22. SOME TECHNICAL TERMS OF DYEING
Exhaustion: The proportion of dye or other substrate taken by a substrate(material)
at any stage of the process to the of the amount originally available.
Fixation: The proportion of dye or other substrate is fixed by a substrate(material)
after final wash.
Disruption: When dye stuff comes to the outer surface of the fabric, that is called
disruption.
Adsorption: Deposition of dyes on the surface of the fiber.
Absorption: Penetration of dyes inside the fiber.
Stripping: To remove color from substrate and make color less is called stripping
Sodium thio sulphate (hydrous)Na2S2O4 is used .generally it react with fiber &
produce two colorless amino substitute compound (R1-NH2+NH2-R2)one is remove
from fiber but another is remain so fiber have not 100% colorless.
Topping: After stripping dyeing is done i.e topping.
Addition:Without stripping extra dyes are add in dye bath to match the required
shade is called addition.(always avoid addition because it gives uneven shade)

23. Dosing: There are 3 type of dosing.
Linear dosing: Dosing rate is same due to time.
Progressive dosing: Dosing rate gradually increase
due to time.
Digressive dosing: Dosing rate gradually decrease
due to time.
Time
DozingRate

24. THANKS
TO
ALL