This document provides an overview of emergency medical services in Singapore. It discusses the history and organization of EMS in Singapore, including the following key points: - EMS is run by the Singapore Civil Defence Force and primarily utilizes a single-tier ambulance system. - There are plans to improve response times and pre-hospital care through initiatives like deploying fast response paramedics and enabling wireless transmission of 12-lead ECGs. - Medical oversight is provided through the SCDF Medical Advisory Committee to ensure quality of care and clinical standards.

1. mergency Medical Services in E A/Prof Marcus Ong Consultant, Senior Medical Scientist & Director of Research Department of Emergency Medicine Singapore General Hospital Adjunct Associate Professor Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Office of Research INGAPORE S

2. Country Information Regional Map Showing: Singapore

3. History of Singapore 14th century: Singapore was a fishing village known as Temasek or Sea Town. End of 14th century, the Sanskrit name, Singapura (Lion City), become commonly used. 1300 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400

4. History of Singapore 29 January 1819, Stamford Raffles landed on Singapore 6 February 1819, formal treaty concluded with the Sultan Hussein of Johor and the Temenggong 1300 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400

5. History of Singapore Malaysia formed on 16 September 1963, and consisted of the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo (now Sabah). Singapore separated from Malaysia on 9 August 1965, and became a sovereign, democratic and independent nation. Admitted to the United Nations on 21 September 1965, member of the Common Wealth of Nations on 15 October 1695. On 22 December 1965, it became a republic. 1300 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400

7. Percentage of Singapore Resident Population www.singstat.gov.sg, June 2002 7.5%

12. Healthcare Delivery System US$ 1 = S$1.75 Euro $1 = S$1.96

13. Healthcare Delivery System Bed to population ratio : 3.6 beds per 1000 population

18. Ministry of Medicine (MOH) Singapore Medical Council Specialist Accreditation Board Joint Committee or Specialist Training (35 STC) MRCP M MED (Int Med) Cardiology Dermatology Endocinology Gastroenterology Geriatric Medicine Haematology Infectious Diseases Internal Medicine Medical Oncology Neurology Renal Medicine Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology MRCS M MED (Surgery) Cardiothoracic Surgery General Surgery Hand Surgery Neurosurgery Orthopaedic Surgery Paediatric Surgery Plastic Surgery Urology Anaesthesiology Diagnostic Radiology Emergency Medicine Nuclear Medicine Obstetrics Gynaecology Occupational Med Ophthalmology Otorhinolaryngology Paediatric Medicine Pathology Psychiatry Public Health Med Rehabilitation Med Therapeutic Radiology

19. SINGAPORE GENERAL HOSPITAL An Overview

20. 186 Years of History Sixth General Hospital opens at Sepoy Lines 29 March 1926 Opening of SGH, the seventh in line of general hospitals. 12 September 1981 Opening of a new and rebuilt SGH. 1821 The First General Hospital is located at the cantonment for troops at Stamford Road 1882

21. Facilities Service No. of beds 1,389 No. of clinics 169 No. of procedure rooms 26 Operating theatre suites 47

22. 31 Clinical Specialties Diagnostic Radiology Emergency Medicine Nuclear Medicine Pathology Therapeutic Radiology (NCC) Dermatology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Haematology Internal Medicine Neonatology Psychiatry & Behavioural Medicine Rehabilitation Medicine Renal Medicine Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine Rheumatology Cardiology (NHC) Medical Oncology (NCC) Anaesthesia & Surgical Intensive Care Colorectal Surgery General Surgery Hand Surgery Obstetrics & Gynaecology Orthopaedic Surgery Otolaryngology Plastic Surgery / Burns Urology Ophthalmology (SNEC) Cardiothoracic Surgery (NHC) Medical Surgical Ambulatory & Clinical Support Services Research Neurology (NNI) Neurosurgery (NNI) Clinical Research Clinical Trials & Resource Ventures Experimental Surgery

23. Hospital Statistics (2001) SGH NHC NCC Total Admissions Number 64,405 9,224 3,725 77,354 % 83 11 5 100 Outpatient Attendance 594,076 73,973 99,735 767,784 % 77 10 13 100 A&E Attendance 112,713 - - 112,713

28. Ministry of Home Affairs (Home Team) Singapore Police Force Central Narcotics Bureau Internal Security Department Singapore Civil Defence Force Commercial and Industrial Security Corporation Singapore Corporation of Rehabilitative Enterprises Prisons Department Immigration & Checkpoints Authority Emergency Ambulance Services

29. SCDF Annual Report 2005 Yearly volume of SCDF Ambulance Calls

30. Total Emergency Ambulance Service (EAS) Calls Table 1: Number and Types of Ambulance Calls + 7343 96,006 88,663 Total + 143 2,865 2,722 False Alarms - 584 5,462 6,046 Non- Emergency Calls + 7784 87,679 79,895 Emergency calls Absolute Change 2006 2005 TYPE OF CALLS

31. Total Emergency Ambulance Service (EAS) Calls Table 2: Breakdown of Emergency Ambulance Calls 0.4% 29.8% 69.8% + 7, 784 87,679 79,895 Total + 84 315.00 231 Others + 609 26,143.00 25,534 Trauma + 7, 091 61,221.00 54,130 Medical Absolute Change 2006 2005 DESCRIPTION

32. SCDF Annual Report 2005

33. Emergency Medical Services

37. DESPATCH SYSTEM: AMBULANCE Control Room Caller Incident Site Hospital Fire Stn

41. Control Room LAYOUT Fire (Monitoring) Amb 3&4 Div (Monitoring) Amb 1&2 Div (Monitoring) CallTaker CallTaker Police / Trg Console Police / Trg Console DECAM monitoring r CallTaker CallTaker CallTaker Supervisor CCTV (Monitoring)

52. (Numbers correspond with posting points)

55. 1995: First Five Years of Pre-Hospital Automatic Defibrillation Project in Singapore

67. Organised by:

68. Conference Secretariat: Tel: (65) 6 379 5261/ 6 379 5259 Fax: (65) 6 475 2077 Email: admin@ icem2010.org

69. Visit our website :

70. See You in Singapore!