Week Vii (Puritan Period)

History of English Literature Puritan Period (  1620 – 1660) The History of English Literature, YK, 2005/2006

 Puritanism
Spirit of Puritanism
Emerged in England after Protestant Reformation & Anglican Church in 16th century
From religious movement to opposing movement
 Civil War
James I & Charles I  despotism towards their people
Charles I was punished to death
Founding Commonwealth government under Oliver Cromwell
In 1660 ended with restoration period –Charles II.
Characteristics
Literature during Puritanism did not have unity of soul
Gloomy, sad
Loosing its romanticism, gradually changed to be critical & intellectual. Tended to stimulate the mind rather than the feeling.
The History of English Literature, YK, 2005/2006

 New Styles in Poetry
‘ Metaphysics’  by John Donne (1573-1631)  signified by mind & expression, excessive metaphors, too-free imagination  difficult to understand
This exemplified others poets: George Herbert, Richard Crashaw, Abraham Cowley, Henry Vaughan.
The sources of inspiration: love and religion
The greatest poet: John Milton (1608 – 1674)
Shakespeare & Milton  two powers controlling human: emotion & faith
Shakespeare: emotion, love, hatred, jealosy & ambition
Milton: faith and unified goal
World’s lives are temporary & trivial
Early works: On the Morning of Christ’s Nativity, L’Allegro, Il Penseroso  describing beautiful sceneries
Moral-purpose works: Masque of Comus, Lycidas
Sonets’ themes: patriotism, obligation
Areopagitica  defence to free politics & free press

 New Reign
King Charles II came to throne
The return of Monarchy to England
Milton’s hope (country based on Christian) dispersed  his work Paradise Lost
Paradise Lost  Adam & Eve
Paradise Regained  the winning of man over temptations
Samson Agonistes  Samson (a blind Israeli who was the slave of Philistine)

Development…
 Prose
Fancis Bacon (1561 – 1626), Thomas Hobbes (1588 – 1679) attempted to make the readers realize that the problems at the time could only be faced attentively & rationally.
The clash between Anglican & Puritan followers had impact on the increasing number of prose
The Authorized Version or King James Bible (1611) released
 Drama
After Shakespeare, drama experienced a drawback
Theatres were closed down by Puritan (1642)  considered as the source of evil

Restoration Period (1660 – 1700)
Since King Charles II back to throne  extreme ecstasy in way of life  immorality
The absence of themes of Elizabethan period  realism & formalism
The artists were against the old styles & values
Simple way/ style in writing
Formalism: the obedience to follow the rules and orders in writing

 Poetry
John Dryden (1631 – 1700): Heroic Stanzas on the Death of Cromwell , Panegryc to his Sacred Majesty , The Hind and the Panther
He was well known for his satirical poems: Absalom and Architophel
 Prose & Drama
Dryden: Discourse on Satire, Essay of Dramatic Poesy’
John Evelyn & Samuel Pepys  their diaries which were written with daily language
John Bunyan: The Pilgrim’s Progress from this World to that which is to Come (The Pilgrim’s Progress)
George Etherege ( The Man of Mode ), William Wycherley ( Love in Wood, The Country Wife, The Plain Dealer), William Congreve ( The Old Bachelor, The Double Dealer, Love for Love, The Way of the World )

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Week Vii (Puritan Period)

by Yusuf Kurniawan

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