Valerie Brown: Collective social learning - a theoretical foundation for Web 2

Collective social learning Foundation for Web 2 and beyond? Valerie A. Brown Local Sustainability Project Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University 1

The argument: 1. Web 1 …..Web 2……..? 2. Culture change 3. Five voices 4. Multiple knowledges 5. Collective social learning 2

Web 1 creates links: • across space • across time • across cultures • across languages • across organisations • among people • among communities 3

Web 2, 3, 4, - - - - - - - • User-centred design • Wide social networking • Open interoperability • Flat organisation • Mass collaboration = a new cultural force 4

Cultural change involves: Individuals + Communities + Specialists + Organisations + Shared focus 5

Local Sustainability Project 1996-2006 Local community Specialists 7 Council

Multiple knowledges in practice KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURE TEST FOR TRUTH 1. INDIVIDUAL Personal experience 2. COMMUNITY Shared beliefs, events Health, Sociology, 3. SPECIALIST Ecology, Economics… 4. ORGANISATION Agendas, strategies 5. HOLISTIC Focus, goal 8

Multiple knowledges in theory KNOWLEDGES AUTHORS INDIVIDUAL Polanyi, Satre, Buber LOCAL COMMUNITY Geertz, W. Berry, Putnam SPECIALIST Kuhn, Ravetz, Gould ORGANISATION Foucault, Senge, R. Saul HOLISTIC FOCUS De Chardin, Berlin, T. Berry 9

Western knowledge as a hierarchy KNOWLEDGES SOURCE OF EVIDENCE 4. INDIVIDUAL Personal experience 3. LOCAL Shared beliefs, memories 1. SPECIALIST Health, Education, Sociology, Engineering… 2. ORGANISATIONAL Agendas, strategies 5. HOLISTIC FOCUS Collective ideal 10

Mutual rejection: INDIVIDUAL Biased LOCAL Powerless RESEARCH Fragmented ORGANISATION Self-serving HOLISTIC FOCUS Too hard • As a citizen of the community 11 • As an expert in your field • As a strategist in your political environment

Multiple knowledges in Malaysia KNOWLEDGES EVENTS INDIVIDUAL Encephalitis epidemic LOCAL No action: People resigned to risks SPECIALIST Universities clinicians identify new strain from pigs Health Dept calls it En.J 9 (from ORGANISATION mosquitos)/ blocks emails Fear for future HOLISTIC FOCUS livelihood/cost/loss of face 12

Information access in Malaysia INDIVIDUAL Digital divide LOCAL Strong community SPECIALISTS University, clinicians publish new strain ORGANISATION Government sticks to story Community under- HOLISTIC ground email • 13 As a citizen of the community • As an expert in your field • As a strategist in your political environment

Different - language - vision - knowledge culture

What sort of order? One right answer? Lowest common denomin- ator? Consensus ? Majority vote? 15

Collective knowledge as a nested set Individual knowledge Local knowledge Specialist knowledge Organisational knowledge Holistic knowledge A collaborative system 16

For collective learning How do you address the multiple knowledges in your own designs? Who wins? Who loses? Whose truth prevails? 17

Jig-saw puzzle: Pre-determined picture Reproduces what is Requires: Careful observation Good memory Accuracy Perseverance 19

A collage requires: - reflection - review - creativity Brings something new into the world Accepts ambiguity and uncertainty 23

Experiential learning cycle (Kolb et al, 1984) Ideals Facts Focus question Actions Ideas Kolb et al 1984, 1995 24

Collective Learning spiral 2. Describe Ideals Facts What should be? What is ? 1.Develop 3. Design Actions Ideas What can be? What could be? Kolb et al 1984, 1995 4. Do 25

Collective Social Learning: 2. Describe What should be? What is? Multiple Informed citizens 1.Develop knowledges 3. Design What can be? What could be? Collective action Collective knowledge 4. Do 26

1. Web 1 …..Web 2……..? 2. Culture change 3. Five voices 4. Multiple knowledges 5. Collective social learning 27

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Valerie Brown: Collective social learning - a theoretical foundation for Web 2

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