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Collective social learning
Foundation for Web 2 and beyond?

               Valerie A. Brown
          Local Sustainability Project
   Fenner School of Environment and Society,
         Australian National University
                                               1
The argument:

 1. Web 1 …..Web 2……..?

 2. Culture change

 3. Five voices

 4. Multiple knowledges

 5. Collective social learning
                                 2
Web 1 creates links:
    • across space
    • across time
    • across cultures
    • across languages
    • across organisations
    • among people
    • among communities      3
Web 2, 3, 4, - - - - - - -
     • User-centred design
     • Wide social networking
     • Open interoperability
     • Flat organisation
     • Mass collaboration

     = a new cultural force     4
Cultural change involves:
     Individuals
         +
    Communities
         +
     Specialists
         +
    Organisations
         +
    Shared focus            5
6
Local Sustainability Project   1996-2006




Local community
Specialists
                                         7
Council
Multiple knowledges in practice
KNOWLEDGE       STRUCTURE    TEST FOR TRUTH

1. INDIVIDUAL               Personal experience

2. COMMUNITY                Shared beliefs, events

                            Health, Sociology,
3. SPECIALIST               Ecology, Economics…

4. ORGANISATION             Agendas, strategies

5. HOLISTIC                  Focus, goal
                                                  8
Multiple knowledges in theory
KNOWLEDGES            AUTHORS

INDIVIDUAL        Polanyi, Satre, Buber

LOCAL COMMUNITY   Geertz, W. Berry, Putnam

SPECIALIST        Kuhn, Ravetz, Gould

ORGANISATION      Foucault, Senge, R. Saul

HOLISTIC FOCUS    De Chardin, Berlin, T. Berry
                                            9
Western knowledge as a hierarchy
 KNOWLEDGES         SOURCE OF EVIDENCE

4. INDIVIDUAL       Personal experience

3. LOCAL            Shared beliefs, memories

1. SPECIALIST       Health, Education,
                    Sociology, Engineering…
2. ORGANISATIONAL   Agendas, strategies

5. HOLISTIC FOCUS    Collective ideal
                                          10
Mutual rejection:
INDIVIDUAL                Biased

LOCAL                     Powerless

RESEARCH                   Fragmented


ORGANISATION               Self-serving


HOLISTIC FOCUS             Too hard
                                 •   As a citizen of the community                   11
                                 •   As an expert in your field
                                 •   As a strategist in your political environment
Multiple knowledges in Malaysia

KNOWLEDGES                EVENTS
INDIVIDUAL        Encephalitis epidemic


LOCAL              No action: People resigned to
                   risks

SPECIALIST         Universities clinicians
                  identify new strain from pigs
                   Health Dept calls it En.J 9 (from
ORGANISATION       mosquitos)/ blocks emails
                   Fear for future
HOLISTIC FOCUS
                   livelihood/cost/loss of face   12
Information access in Malaysia
INDIVIDUAL             Digital divide


LOCAL                 Strong community


SPECIALISTS            University, clinicians
                       publish new strain

ORGANISATION            Government sticks
                        to story
                           Community under-
HOLISTIC                   ground email
                       •                  13
                            As a citizen of the community
                       •    As an expert in your field
                       •    As a strategist in your political environment
Different
-
language
-
vision
-
know-
ledge
culture
What sort
of order?

One right
answer?

Lowest
common
denomin-
ator?

Consensus
?
Majority
vote?
           15
Collective knowledge as a nested set
         Individual knowledge

       Local knowledge

     Specialist knowledge

    Organisational knowledge

  Holistic knowledge


       A collaborative system
                                   16
For collective learning
How do you
address the
multiple
knowledges in
your own
designs?

Who wins?
Who loses?

Whose truth
prevails?                       17
18
Jig-saw puzzle:
Pre-determined
picture
Reproduces what is


Requires:
Careful
observation
Good memory
Accuracy
Perseverance

                 19
20
21
22
A collage
requires:
- reflection
- review
- creativity

Brings
something
new into the
world
Accepts
ambiguity and
uncertainty

               23
Experiential learning cycle (Kolb et al, 1984)




               Ideals               Facts
                          Focus
                         question

               Actions              Ideas


Kolb et al
1984, 1995

                                                  24
Collective Learning spiral
                        2. Describe



                   Ideals                  Facts
                What should be?           What is ?
1.Develop                                          3. Design
                   Actions                 Ideas
                 What can be?           What could be?


   Kolb et al
   1984, 1995                   4. Do                      25
Collective Social Learning:
                       2. Describe


            What should be?              What is?
                                         Multiple
            Informed citizens
1.Develop                               knowledges
                                                     3. Design

              What can be?          What could be?
            Collective action           Collective
                                        knowledge


                                4. Do                       26
1. Web 1 …..Web 2……..?

2. Culture change

3. Five voices

4. Multiple knowledges

5. Collective social learning

                                27
28

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Valerie Brown: Collective social learning - a theoretical foundation for Web 2

  • 1. Collective social learning Foundation for Web 2 and beyond? Valerie A. Brown Local Sustainability Project Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University 1
  • 2. The argument: 1. Web 1 …..Web 2……..? 2. Culture change 3. Five voices 4. Multiple knowledges 5. Collective social learning 2
  • 3. Web 1 creates links: • across space • across time • across cultures • across languages • across organisations • among people • among communities 3
  • 4. Web 2, 3, 4, - - - - - - - • User-centred design • Wide social networking • Open interoperability • Flat organisation • Mass collaboration = a new cultural force 4
  • 5. Cultural change involves: Individuals + Communities + Specialists + Organisations + Shared focus 5
  • 6. 6
  • 7. Local Sustainability Project 1996-2006 Local community Specialists 7 Council
  • 8. Multiple knowledges in practice KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURE TEST FOR TRUTH 1. INDIVIDUAL Personal experience 2. COMMUNITY Shared beliefs, events Health, Sociology, 3. SPECIALIST Ecology, Economics… 4. ORGANISATION Agendas, strategies 5. HOLISTIC Focus, goal 8
  • 9. Multiple knowledges in theory KNOWLEDGES AUTHORS INDIVIDUAL Polanyi, Satre, Buber LOCAL COMMUNITY Geertz, W. Berry, Putnam SPECIALIST Kuhn, Ravetz, Gould ORGANISATION Foucault, Senge, R. Saul HOLISTIC FOCUS De Chardin, Berlin, T. Berry 9
  • 10. Western knowledge as a hierarchy KNOWLEDGES SOURCE OF EVIDENCE 4. INDIVIDUAL Personal experience 3. LOCAL Shared beliefs, memories 1. SPECIALIST Health, Education, Sociology, Engineering… 2. ORGANISATIONAL Agendas, strategies 5. HOLISTIC FOCUS Collective ideal 10
  • 11. Mutual rejection: INDIVIDUAL Biased LOCAL Powerless RESEARCH Fragmented ORGANISATION Self-serving HOLISTIC FOCUS Too hard • As a citizen of the community 11 • As an expert in your field • As a strategist in your political environment
  • 12. Multiple knowledges in Malaysia KNOWLEDGES EVENTS INDIVIDUAL Encephalitis epidemic LOCAL No action: People resigned to risks SPECIALIST Universities clinicians identify new strain from pigs Health Dept calls it En.J 9 (from ORGANISATION mosquitos)/ blocks emails Fear for future HOLISTIC FOCUS livelihood/cost/loss of face 12
  • 13. Information access in Malaysia INDIVIDUAL Digital divide LOCAL Strong community SPECIALISTS University, clinicians publish new strain ORGANISATION Government sticks to story Community under- HOLISTIC ground email • 13 As a citizen of the community • As an expert in your field • As a strategist in your political environment
  • 15. What sort of order? One right answer? Lowest common denomin- ator? Consensus ? Majority vote? 15
  • 16. Collective knowledge as a nested set Individual knowledge Local knowledge Specialist knowledge Organisational knowledge Holistic knowledge A collaborative system 16
  • 17. For collective learning How do you address the multiple knowledges in your own designs? Who wins? Who loses? Whose truth prevails? 17
  • 18. 18
  • 19. Jig-saw puzzle: Pre-determined picture Reproduces what is Requires: Careful observation Good memory Accuracy Perseverance 19
  • 20. 20
  • 21. 21
  • 22. 22
  • 23. A collage requires: - reflection - review - creativity Brings something new into the world Accepts ambiguity and uncertainty 23
  • 24. Experiential learning cycle (Kolb et al, 1984) Ideals Facts Focus question Actions Ideas Kolb et al 1984, 1995 24
  • 25. Collective Learning spiral 2. Describe Ideals Facts What should be? What is ? 1.Develop 3. Design Actions Ideas What can be? What could be? Kolb et al 1984, 1995 4. Do 25
  • 26. Collective Social Learning: 2. Describe What should be? What is? Multiple Informed citizens 1.Develop knowledges 3. Design What can be? What could be? Collective action Collective knowledge 4. Do 26
  • 27. 1. Web 1 …..Web 2……..? 2. Culture change 3. Five voices 4. Multiple knowledges 5. Collective social learning 27
  • 28. 28