GE498-ECI, Lecture 4: The web with a human spin

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    GE498-ECI, Lecture 4: The web with a human spin - Presentation Transcript

    1. Enterprise Collaboration and Innovation Support Systems (GE/IE 498 ECI): The Web with a Human Spin Xavier Llorà Illinois Genetic Algorithms Lab & National Center for Supercomputing Applications University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign xllora@uiuc.edu
    2. Where did we leave it? • Reviewed models of human innovation and creativity • We present an evolutionary analogy that: – Allow us to fit a wide range of creativity modes – Allow us to share the same model for different strata • Individuals • Groups • Social networks • Left some brainstorming on the web for the project GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 2
    3. What’s the plan for today? • A very biased review of the web • The tipping point • The old ways • An emerging ecology • Review the landscape GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 3
    4. Brief picture of the Internet Late ‘50, PDP-1 first computer to demonstrate time sharing • During ‘60s and ‘70s there was a push to create package switching • networks (ARPA/DARPA lead to ARPAnet) – One driving force: To be able to connect the new digital computers to allow remote data access NSF pushes TCP/IP in the ‘80s creating NSFnet (Universities • backbone). ‘85 it is open to public (e.g Compuserve networks) ‘90: CERN puts up the first web server (HTTP/HTML). NCSA • introduces the Mosaic, the first widely popular and adopted browser GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 4
    5. The early times • Sharing data • Sharing information • Allow to communicate computers • Until mid ‘90 main adopters were – Government related – Education related – Technology-hard-core oriented audiences – Entrepreneurs • Struggle to figure out the reason for adopting such costly technology GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 5
    6. Incubating the tipping point • Mosaic did: – Become the firs popular browser – Establish a new medium – Allow users to navigate to a URL and browse all sort of information • Text • Images – Follow links to other sources – Make remote access easy GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 6
    7. The tipping point • A simple piece of HTML code <form method="post" action=”foo.cgi"> Name: <input name="name"><br> Age: <input name="name"><br> <input type="submit" value=”Submit"> </form> And the browser rendered… GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 7
    8. Again, why is this important? • Until forms appear information flow was unidirectional • Web pages were written and people could navegate them • Forms allowed submit user input • Forms allowed to make requests • Web servers on the other side had to process them • Web servers generated for the first time dynamic content • And a new door was open… GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 8
    9. Before the browser • People was already using computer networks to communicate • Early time shared UNIX had a talk application (IM predecessor) • Email appeared and people started sharing information relying on a network of computers • IRC (Internet Relay Chat) people build application to chat joining from different locations GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 9
    10. After the browser • Most of this services have moved into browsable services • It has become common (powerful) • People started to explore other non technical usages • One driving force: Use a computer like you may use a toaster (David Norman (1999) “The invisible computer”, MIT press) • The focus silently shifted from technology centered to people centered GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 10
    11. Let’s fast forward • The Internet has consolidated as a very flexible medium • Browsers have become another tool you use everyday • You do not worry about the details, you just use them • It has become another commercial market • Who has not heard a successful story about making money on the web? GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 11
    12. Creativity and Innovation? Very volatile market • You do not last long doing one thing • – Google (Search, email, photos, videos, browser-based office tools…) – Microsoft (Old tools with new facades…) –… The web beast: • – Always changing technology – New opportunities – Short development times – Not even 15 minutes of fame Who is Google afraid of? • Do not get confused. Who is going to use anything you put out • there? GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 12
    13. The people-centered technology age • Human activities – Talk – Search – Share – Protest – Express themselves – Lazy –… • Bend technology to make those activities easier • Do you know the science behind a toaster? GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 13
    14. People-centered technologies There is a rush to hide the computer on the web • Successful applications are • – not often cutting-edge technology – built around preexisting human activities – simplify processes to get the clutter out of it The latest growing technologies • – Blogs – Wikis – Social networking sites – Collaboration (annotation, discussion, bookmarking…) – Sharing – Analysis GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 14
    15. Blogs Publishing model • – Personal – Social – Professional Post updates • Simple access to create sites • without technical knowledge Allow certain degree of • customization (expression) Simple management • Integrate discussion forums • The architecture does not require • latest technology GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 15
    16. Wikis Collaborative content • generation Knowledge repositories • Give structure to a • particular topic/domain Simple writing, editing, • publishing, and management Quest for universal access • to knowledge Easy access (curiosity and • education) GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 16
    17. Social networking sites Your friends anywhere • Except hanging out, you can do • most of the things you would do with them Explore your networking skill • The architecture does not • require latest technology Very simple interface • (expression and social behavior) Does any one remember the • Facebook riot? GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 17
    18. Collaboration • Social annotation – Digg.com: Allow you to annotate URLs. They are collected and grouped to form a social picture of the opinions of people about it. • Social bookmarking – Del.icous.us: Keep all your bookmarks in one place. Tag them and share them if you like. – Zotero: Bibliography collector from the web. One click and you collect reference you can share with your colleagues. GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 18
    19. Sharing & Analysis • Share2me: Share anything with your social network • Feeds and standardized formats • Ecology of services • How to benefit from them? • Analysis of contents and others: – Technorati provide tag clouds – Blogpulse provide trend analysis GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 19
    20. What will we do in the next lecture? • Get our hands dirty and cover the basic notions of web applications – Architecture – HTTP – HTML – Requests and responses – A simple example of a web app GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 20
    21. Something to think about Read David Norman’s chapter. • Homework: Post your critical review (no more than 1,000 • words) to the DISCUS Communities site GE/IE 498 ECI - Spring 2007 Xavier Llorà © Spring 2007 21

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    GE498-ECI, Lecture 4: The web with a human spin

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