Django Overview

A Quick Overview

A bit about me • Programmer @ 5Q Communications • Hack on Django mostly full-time • Dozen+ sites in production • Calvin grad

A bit about Django • Named after Django Reinhart, jazz guitarist • Python 2.3+ (Not 3.x yet, aﬁak) • BSD license • djangoproject.com • Current release: 1.1

Who uses it? • NASA • PBS • NY Times • LA Times • National Geographic • Discovery Channel

Features • Object-Relational • i18n/unicode support Mapper • Cache framework • MVC architecture • Testing framework • Templating Language • Great docs (650+ pages) • “Automatic” admins • Friendly community • Elegant urls

More Features • Jython support • Built-in RSS/ATOM • Geospacial content • Built-in site maps (via GeoDjango) • Send emails easily • Built-in dev server • “Signal” hooks • Nice support • Solid security emphasis for forms

Projects and Apps Settings: database, App Live anywhere in your email, caching, etc. Project PYTHONPATH App HTML, CSS, App images, etc. Templates & Assets App

Typical Project Layout project/ __init__.py settings.py manage.py urls.py templates/ static/ staff_members/ __init__.py models.py admin.py views.py urls.py tests.py templates/

Typical App Workﬂow 1. Create app 2. Create models.py and admin.py 3. ‘python manage.py syncdb’ 4. Create urls.py and views.py

class StaffMemberGroup(models.Model): name = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=100) order = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) class StaffMember(models.Model): ﬁrst_name = models.CharField(max_length=100) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=100) title = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=100) bio = models.TextField(blank=True) image = models.FileField(upload_to='bio_images', blank=True) email = models.EmailField() published = models.BooleanField() staff_group = models.ForeignKey(StaffMemberGroup)

python manage.py syncdb 1. Create tables 2. Create basic indexes 3. Create intermediate tables for m2m relationships

bob = StaffMember(ﬁrst_name=”Bob”, last_name=”Smith”) members = StaffMember.objects.all() ordered_members = StaffMember.objects.all().order_by(‘last_name’) published_members = StaffMember.objects.ﬁlter(published=True)

groups = StaffMemberGroup.objects.all() for group in groups: print group.name for member in group.staffmember_set.all(): print member.ﬁrst_name

class StaffMemberAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('last_name', 'first_name', 'email', 'published') list_filter = ('published', 'staff_group') search_fields = ('first_name', 'last_name', 'bio', 'title', 'email') fieldsets = ( (None, { 'fields': (('first_name', 'last_name'), 'title', 'email', 'image', 'bio'), 'description': '', }), ('Options', { 'fields': ('published', 'staff_group'), }) ) admin.site.register(StaffMember, StaffMemberAdmin)

project urls.py urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^staff_members/', include('grpug.staff_members.urls')), (r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')), (r'^admin/(.*)', admin.site.root), ) staff_members app urls.py: urlpatterns = patterns('grpug.staff_members.views', url(r'^$', 'show_staff_members', name='staff-members'), )

def show_staff_members(request): groups = StaffMemberGroup.objects.all() return render_to_response( 'staff_member.html', {'groups': groups} )

staff_member.html {% for group in groups %} <h2>{{group.name}}</h2> <ul> {% for member in group.staffmember_set.all %} <li> <h3>{{member.ﬁrst_name}} {{member.last_name}}</h3> <p>{{member.bio}}</p> </li> {% endfor %} </ul> {% endfor %}

staff_member.html {% extends ‘base_site.html’ %} {% block content %} {% for group in groups %} <h2>{{group.name}}</h2> <ul> {% for member in group.staffmember_set.all %} <li> <h3>{{member.ﬁrst_name}} {{member.last_name}}</h3> <p>{{member.bio}}</p> </li> {% endfor %} </ul> {% endfor %} {% endblock content %}

base_site.html <html> <body> {% block content %} {% endblock content %} </body> </html>

Middleware • process_request(self, request) • process_view(self, request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs) • process_response(self, request, response) • process_exception(self, request, exception)

Testing Framework • doctests • unit tests • helpful stuff: ﬁxtures, email test, “client” c = Client() response = c.post(‘/login’, user_dict)

Some Warts • No support for • REST/SOAP multiple databases support lacking • Poor environment • “Explicit” but still tightly support (think rails) coupled for some things • Template logic tags • No integrated below average deployment toolchain • No built-in migrations • CMS extras lacking (wysiwyg, ﬁle browser...) • Too big?

Rest of the stack • Databases • Deployment • SQLite • mod_python • MySQL • mod_wsgi • Postgresql • fast cgi • Oracle

Tips • virtualenv is your friend • default settings.py is about 50% of what a production site ends up requiring • local_settings.py • Don’t be afraid of lots of apps • ‘South’ is a solid migrations tool

Docs, Books, People • docs.djangoproject.com • djangobook.com • djangosnippets.com • djangopeople.net • djangosites.org

Code Samples • http://bitbucket.org/btol45/grpug-example/

Django Overview

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