Linked Data: What’s the Story?
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Roy Tennant, Senior Program Officer, OCLC Research As library collections shift from print materials to digital formats, and as the web enables ubiquitous and instantaneous discovery of information, library users expect to find and access materials online. It’s not enough to have pages “on the web”; library data must be “woven into the web” and integrated into the sites and services that library users frequent daily – Google, Wikipedia, social networks. When information about a library’s collection is locked up behind a specific web site (such as an OPAC), it is often exceedingly difficult for services, such as search engines, to consume that data. Information seekers need to be connected back to their local library resources from wherever they are on the web. The imperative is to make library data available in new data formats that are native to the web, exposing it to the wider web community, making it easily discoverable by other sites, services, and ultimately consumers. Roy Tennant will shed light on what linked data is and how to re-envision, expose and share library data as entities that are part of the web.
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Linked Data: What’s the Story?
- 1. The world’s libraries. Connected. Roy Tennant Senior Program Officer, Research Linked Data: What’s the Story? Slides contributed by Bruce Washburn,Richard Wallis Karen Smith-Yoshimura, Dan Benson, and Mike Teets
- 2. The world’s libraries. Connected. Photo by Li Chen, https://www.flickr.com/photos/yiie/, CC BY 2.0 Generic License
- 3. The world’s libraries. Connected.
- 4. The world’s libraries. Connected. Photo by Pilot Theatre, https://www.flickr.com/photos/pilottheatre/, CC BY SA 2.0
- 5. The world’s libraries. Connected. The Canonical Entity (of the past)
- 6. The world’s libraries. Connected. The Canonical Entity (of the present)
- 7. The world’s libraries. Connected. • A collection of statements… • Taken from the piece itself… • Sometimes “enhanced” with inferred parentheticals (e.g., [1975] )… • Or additional statements not on the piece (e.g., subject headings) • Mostly uncontrolled and only loosely connected to anything else Classic Bib Record
- 8. The world’s libraries. Connected. The Problem
- 9. The world’s libraries. Connected. • Identification Problems: • “The Hamlet Problem” (titles aren’t enough) • “The Wang/Li/Zhang Problem” (names aren’t enough) • Linkage Problems: • “The Web Problem” (records aren’t enough, you need links) • “The Language Problem” (surfacing the right translation for a given user is still a problem) • Quality Problems: • Strings are not controlled terms; often, they cannot be turned into them Actually, A Number of Problems
- 10. The world’s libraries. Connected.
- 11. The world’s libraries. Connected.
- 12. The world’s libraries. Connected. The Solution
- 13. The world’s libraries. Connected. First, define ALL THE THINGS
- 14. entity / nt ti/ˈɛ ɪ noun a thing with distinct and independent existence. relationship /r le (ə)n p/ɪˈ ɪʃ ʃɪ noun the way in which two or more people or things are connected
- 15. Record Title: "War and Peace" Author: "Leo Tolstoy 1828- 1910" ISBN: 0307266931 Type: Work Name: "War and Peace" Author: http://worldcat.org/entity/person/id/1234 Entity (http://worldcat.org/entity/work/id/115206288) Type: Person Name: "Leo Tolstoy " Born: 1828 Died: 1910 Birthplace: http://worldcat.org/entity/place/id/8976 Entity (http://worldcat.org/entity/person/id/1234) Type: Place Name: "Yasnaya Polyana" SameAs: http://geonames.org/468686 Entity (http://worldcat.org/entity/place/id/8976) ⤵ ︎ ⤵ ︎ ⟶
- 16. The world’s libraries. Connected. From records to entities: Works
- 17. The world’s libraries. Connected. Entities of Core Concepts person place object concept organization work
- 18. The world’s libraries. Connected. Establishing Relationships Between Entities person place object concept organization work author subjectitem availability
- 19. The world’s libraries. Connected. Using authoritative sources whenever possible
- 20. The world’s libraries. Connected. And hooking up with other data sources
- 21. The world’s libraries. Connected.
- 22. The world’s libraries. Connected. OCLC Production Services External OCLC Research Systems Internal OCLC Research Resources enhanced WorldCat WORKS Kindred Works Classify Identities FictionFinder Cookbook Finder LCSH FAST VIAF GMGPC GSAFD GTT DDC LCTGM MeSH Linked Data Entities
- 23. The world’s libraries. Connected.
- 24. The world’s libraries. Connected. The Workinator
- 25. The world’s libraries. Connected. Some outcomes WorldCat Catalog: 15 billion triples WorldCat Works: 5 billion RDF triples DDC: 300 million triples VIAF: 2 billion triples FAST: 23 Million
- 26. The world’s libraries. Connected. OK… but so what?
- 27. The world’s libraries. Connected. Cataloging Integration with the web Cascading updates More options Intuitive searching Benefits for all library workflows
- 28. Improving Discovery The Name of the RoseThe Name of the Rose Summary: The year is 1327. Franciscans in a wealthy Italian abbey are suspected of heresy, and Brother William of Baskerville arrives to investigate. His delicate mission is suddenly overshadowed by seven bizarre deaths that take place in seven days and nights of apocalyptic terror. Subjects Borrowing Options eBooks | Printed Books | Audio Books Other Languages Monastic libraries -- Italy – Fiction | Semiotics -- Fiction
- 29. The world’s libraries. Connected.
- 30. The world’s libraries. Connected.
- 31. The world’s libraries. Connected.
- 32. The world’s libraries. Connected.
- 33. The world’s libraries. Connected.
- 34. The world’s libraries. Connected.
- 35. The world’s libraries. Connected.
- 36. The world’s libraries. Connected. Embedding Authority Control
- 37. The world’s libraries. Connected. Improving Cataloging • Improve data quality • Cascading updates • A new approach to cataloging: • Point and click cataloging • Managing entities instead of managing records • Consistent with RDA Photo by https://www.flickr.com/photos/97741188@N04/, CC BY 2.0
- 38. The world’s libraries. Connected. Title: Journey to the West Language: English Translator: Anthony C. Yu Date: 1977 IsTranslationOf: Title: Journey to the West Language: English Translator: Anthony C. Yu Date: 1977 IsTranslationOf: Title: 西遊記 Language: Chinese Author: 吳承恩 Created: 1592 HasTranslation: Title: 西遊記 Language: Chinese Author: 吳承恩 Created: 1592 HasTranslation:
- 39. The world’s libraries. Connected. Title: Journey to the West Language: English Translator: Anthony C. Yu Date: 1977 IsTranslationOf: Title: Journey to the West Language: English Translator: Anthony C. Yu Date: 1977 IsTranslationOf: Title: Journey to the West Language: English Translator: W. J. F. Jenner Date: 1982-1984 IsTranslationOf: Title: Journey to the West Language: English Translator: W. J. F. Jenner Date: 1982-1984 IsTranslationOf: Title: 西遊記 Language: Chinese Author: 吳承恩 Created: 1592 HasTranslation: Title: 西遊記 Language: Chinese Author: 吳承恩 Created: 1592 HasTranslation: Title: Tay du ký bình khảô Language: Vietnamese Translator: Phan Quan̂ Date: 1980 IsTranslationOf: Title: Tay du ký bình khảô Language: Vietnamese Translator: Phan Quan̂ Date: 1980 IsTranslationOf: Title: 西遊記 Language: Japanese Translator: 中野美代子 Date: 1986 IsTranslationOf: Title: 西遊記 Language: Japanese Translator: 中野美代子 Date: 1986 IsTranslationOf: Title: Pilgerfahrt Language: German Translator: Georgette Boner Date: 1983 IsTranslationOf: Title: Pilgerfahrt Language: German Translator: Georgette Boner Date: 1983 IsTranslationOf:
- 40. The world’s libraries. Connected.
- 41. The world’s libraries. Connected. The contents of the 245 $h
- 42. The world’s libraries. Connected.
- 43. The world’s libraries. Connected. Monthly Unique Visitors
- 44. The world’s libraries. Connected. • Requires a new kind of thinking: “sets of assertions about something” NOT a “record” • Assertions about an item can be dynamic • Authority control is built-in • Requires much more than simply translating a record from MARC to a new format It’s Not the Record, It’s the Linkage
- 45. The world’s libraries. Connected. For more information
- 46. The world’s libraries. Connected. Roy Tennant roytennant.com @rtennant facebook.com/roytennant/ tennantr@oclc.org Thank You!
Editor's Notes
- Two common words… John Rock. Two very different people. The web now understands!
- We at OCLC are attacking the problem from two separate directions. These directions may converge in the middle, or may stay separate. Identify methods that will operate on all text under management Improve the coverage and quality of formally modeled data But there is a technology that allows both to co-exist. Triplestores
- In a record view you get bits of data [evidence] about an item. Related entities provide descriptions of real things/entities enabling you to follow the relationships between them – inside and beyond the closed world of libraries
- We have internal processes that take MARC records serialized as XML and convert them using an XSLT stylesheet into RDF data. This graphic visualizes how we take a MARC records with a $100 Personal Name (Robert Pirsig), a $245 Title (Zen and the art of motorcycle maintenance) and a $650 subject (Fathers and sons) and translate the string values into RDF entities and values. In addition to shredding the MARC record into entities, the other crucial part of this process is clustering WorldCat manifestation-y type records into Work clusters. The resulting image shows you how we are exposing the OCLC Works data right now. With a known Work ID, you can lookup OCLC Works as well as content negotiate for various RDF serializations (NT, JSON-LD, RDF/XML and Turtle).
- We, at OCLC, with our major data ingest and processing techniques – Big Data tech Matching incoming data with what we have Identifying the entities and associating their role attributes Woks – not so far very visible in libraries – important on the web
- So how do we get from documents to entities? Once solution is an entity-relationship model of the domain of resources managed by libraries. We get there by shredding documents into a set of statements into a simplified form of ‘English’ (or other human language) that a computer can understand. This diagram shows that a bibliographic record about Hamlet can be represented as a set of statements such as ‘William Shakespeare is a person’ Hamlet is a work, ws is the author of hamlet, and so on. Entity-relationship models like this one have been created for decades. Students learn how to do this in CS 101. It’s an admission that natural-language processing isn’t going to get us where we want to be—not fast enough, anyway. The linked data paradigm just adds some new requirements: --use published vocabularies; identify as many links as possible; define entities and relationships that are real– or things in the world that regular people care about – not software objects, database records, or program states that are understood only by me or my project team. --So this is a big deal. ld is about a shared semantics. It is about a theory of reference that makes the claim that meaning is not just something inside a person’s head, but something much more public. Lots of philosophers have written about that.
- Statistics as of August 2014 KSY’s survey results, September 2014 (72 respondents) OCLC’s RDF datasets are among the oldest, largest, and most referenced LD stores in the ‘library’ sector of the linked data cloud. There is international interest in LD There are many emerging datasets, including WorldCat Works But: The cloud is still organizing itself. Many small datasets, relatively little cross-linking from: The broader web to the library community The library community to the broader web The library community to itself The survey will be repeated this summer
- Data to underpin innovation! - A person knowledge card in a prototype WorldCat Discovery interface
- This is an example of where it grows up and just becomes useful.
- VIAF helps!
- VIAF helps!
- Vistior number grow as the graph is exposed
- This is a fast-moving story and a difficult subject to nail down in a book-length work. But it’s a living document.