3. Jewish History
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
Israelite Monarchy
Divided Kingdoms
Exile and Return
400
400
120
400
210
Prep. for the Messiah 400
Put to deJaethsus
4. Jewish History Christian History
400 400
Slavery in Egypt
Suffering under Rome
Genesis 15:13 6 BC – 392 AD
• Abraham’s failure in
offering
• Jacob’s 12 sons and 70
kinsmen in Egypt
• Maintained identity
– Circumcision, Sabbath
• Pyramid building
• Moses - Pharaoh humbled
• Mount Sinai - Covenant,
Torah and Tabernacle
• Entered Promised Land
• Jesus killed
• Jesus’ 12 apostles and 70
disciples in Roman Empire
5. Destruction of Jerusalem and Israel
• First Jewish revolt against Roman rule
• Destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple 70 CE
Arch of Titus in Rome
6. Building of Rome
• Vespasian used
the treasure from
the Temple to
rebuild Rome
– Colosseum
– Temple of Peace
– Public baths
– New forum
7. Masada
• 70 CE a group of Sicarii
took refuge
• 15 000 Roman soldiers
laid seige
• 73 CE Masada was taken
• Almost all the Jews killed
each other or committed
suicide rather than
surrender and become
slaves
8. Destruction of Jerusalem and Israel
• First Jewish revolt against
Roman rule
• Destruction of Jerusalem
and the Temple 70 CE
• Second Jewish revolt
132-135 CE
• 500,000 Jews killed, 985
villages destroyed
• Jews forbidden to live in
Jerusalem
• Judea renamed
Palaestina
Arch of Titus in Rome
9. Parting of the ways
• Jews-who-believed-in-Jesus vs. Jews-who-
didn’t-believe-in-Jesus
– Crucified Messiah
• Jewish-Roman Wars 66-73AD; 132-135 AD
– Christians fled Jerusalem for Pella
– Bar-Kokhba proclaimed messiah
• Changing identity of next generations
• Church becomes Gentile
– Dispensational/Replacement theology
– Judaism rejected
10. Jewish History Christian History
400 400
Slavery in Egypt
Suffering under Rome
Genesis 15:13 6 BC – 392 AD
• Abraham’s failure in
offering
• Jacob’s 12 sons and 70
kinsmen in Egypt
• Maintained identity
– Circumcision, Sabbath
• Pyramid building
• Moses - Pharaoh humbled
• Mount Sinai - Covenant,
Torah and Tabernacle
• Entered Promised Land
• Jesus killed
• Jesus’ 12 apostles and 70
disciples in Roman Empire
• Established identity
– Parting of the ways
– Baptism, Eucharist, Creed
• Persecution
• Constantine converted 313
– Edict of Milan
• Church councils, Canon
• 392 Christianity becomes
official religion
11. Jewish History Christian History
Judges Church Patriarchs
400 400
• Judges
– Prophet, priest, king
– 12 tribes
• Struggles with Philistines
• “Went after other gods”
• Lack of unity between
tribes
392 – 800 CE
• Patriarchs
– Monastery, Pope, ‘king’
– 5 Patriarchates
12. Period of the Church Patriarchs
Missionaries Huns
Germanic Tribes
Rome
Arabs
Constantinople
Antioch
Jerusalem
410
Alexandria
Angles
Saxons
God raised up the Germanic
tribes as a new chosen people.
EDP, 317
13. Jewish History Christian History
Judges Church Patriarchs
400 400
• Judges
– Prophet, priest, king
– 12 tribes
• Struggles with Philistines
• “Went after other gods”
• Lack of unity between tribes
• Patriarchs
392 – 800 CE
– Monastery, priest, king
– 5 Patriarchates
• Invasion of barbarians
– Rome sacked 410
– Providence moved to
Germanic tribes
• Influenced by paganism
– Augustine and Manichaeism
• Doctrinal controversies
– Trinity, Person of Christ
16. Jewish History Christian History
Judges Church Patriarchs
400 400
• Judges
– Prophet, priest, king
– 12 tribes
• Struggles with Philistines
• “Went after other gods”
• Lack of unity between tribes
• Patriarchs
392 – 800 CE
– Monastery, priest, king
– 5 Patriarchates
• Invasion of barbarians
– Rome sacked 410
• Influenced by paganism
– Augustine and Manichaeism
• Doctrinal controversies
– Trinity, Person of Christ
• Rise of Islam
– Reform movement
– Simple theology
17. How quickly did Islam spread?
Battle of Tours 732
Charles Martel
Rome
Makkah
Spread of Islam through previously Christian lands 632 - 750
18. Islamic Spain - Al-Andalus
711-1492
• Caliphate of Cordoba
929-1031
• Golden age of culture,
science, art,
architecture,
philosophy, libraries,
medicine, astronomy
• Relatively tolerant of
Jews and Christians
• Possibility of messiah?
19. Jewish History Christian History
United Israelite Monarchy
120
120
Christian Empire
1040 – 922 BCE 800 – 919 CE
• Samuel anointed Saul
• Lack of unity
• Samuel anointed David
• Bathsheba & Uriah affair
• Solomon - Temple
• Married foreign women
• Went after other gods
• Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne
Emperor of the Romans
• Donation of Constantine
• Struggle of Church and State
20. Jewish History Christian History
United Israelite Monarchy
120
120
Christian Empire
1040 – 922 BCE 800 – 919 CE
• Samuel anointed Saul
• Lack of unity
• Samuel anointed David
• Bathsheba & Uriah affair
• Solomon - Temple
• Married foreign women
• Went after other gods
After crowning and blessing
the emperor, the pope was to
obey him as one of his
subjects in temporal matters.
The emperor, in turn, was to
lift up and further the spiritual
work of the papacy in his
realm. EDP
21. Jewish History Christian History
United Israelite Monarchy
120
120
Christian Empire
1040 – 922 BCE 800 – 919 CE
• Samuel anointed Saul
• Lack of unity
• Samuel anointed David
• Bathsheba & Uriah affair
• Solomon - Temple
• Married foreign women
• Went after other gods
• Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne
Emperor of the Romans
• Donation of Constantine
• Struggle of Church and State
• Carolinian Renaissance
– Art, religion, education, culture
• Civil wars between Charlemagne’s
descendents
24. Jewish History Christian History
Divided Kingdoms
400
400
Divided Empire
922 – 597 BCE 919 - 1309 CE
• Kingdom divided into Judah and
Israel
• Rehaboam and Jeroboam
• Cain: Israel
– 19 kings in 260 years
– Prophets, no repentance
– 721 BC Assyrians
• Abel: Judah
– 20 kings in 394 years
– Prophets, corruption
– 597 BC Babylonians
• Collapse of autocratic society
• Empire divided East and West
Franks - Germany and France
• Henry I ‘The Fowler’ crowned
King of the Germans 919
− Response to Magyars
– Partially elected
• Otto I crowned Emperor of the
Holy Roman Empire 962
25. Kingdoms of Franks and Germans
West Franks
France
East Franks
Holy Roman
Empire
Germany
(Cain)
(Abel)
26. Jewish History Christian History
Divided Kingdoms
400
400
Divided Empire
922 – 597 BCE 919 - 1309 CE
• Kingdom divided into Judah and
Israel
• Rehaboam and Jeroboam
• Cain: Israel
– 19 kings in 260 years
– Prophets, no repentance
– 721 BC Assyrians
• Abel: Judah
– 20 kings in 394 years
– Prophets, corruption
– 597 BC Babylonians
• Collapse of autocratic society
• Empire divided East and West
Franks - Germany and France
• Henry I ‘The Fowler’ crowned
King of the Germans 919
• Great Schism 1054
– Church divided East and West
27. The Great Schism 1054
• Latin vs. Greek
– Communication
• Difference of belief
– Filioque clause
• Disagreement about
authority of the Pope
– First amongst equals
vs. supreme head
Orange = Roman Catholic Church
Blue = Orthodox churches
28. Jewish History Christian History
Divided Kingdoms
400
400
Divided Empire
922 – 597 BCE 919 - 1309 CE
• Kingdom divided into Judah and
Israel
• Rehaboam and Jeroboam
• Cain: Israel
– 19 kings in 260 years
– Prophets, no repentance
– 721 BC Assyrians
• Abel: Judah
– 20 kings in 394 years
– Prophets, corruption
– 597 BC Babylonians
• Collapse of autocratic society
• Empire divided East and West
Franks - Germany and France
• Henry I ‘The Fowler’ crowned
King of the Germans 919
• Church divided East and West
1054
• Investiture Controversy
– Simony
– Who appoints bishops?
– Who appoints Pope?
• Internal reformation: saints,
monastics and scholars
29. Who were the reformers?
St Francis
of Assisi
Bernard
of Clairvaux
St Dominic
Thomas Aquinas
Saint Hildegard
William Ockham
Julian of Norwich
30. Jewish History Christian History
Divided Kingdoms
400
400
Divided Empire
922 – 597 BCE 919 - 1309 CE
• Kingdom divided into Judah and
Israel
• Rehaboam and Jeroboam
• Cain: Israel
– 19 kings in 260 years
– Prophets, no repentance
– 721 BC Assyrians
• Abel: Judah
– 20 kings in 394 years
– Prophets, corruption
– 597 BC Babylonians
• Collapse of autocratic society
• Empire divided East and West
Franks - Germany and France
• Henry I ‘The Fowler’ crowned
King of the Germans 919
• Great Schism 1054
• Investiture Controversy
• Internal reformation: saints,
monastics and scholars
• External chastisement:
Crusades 1096-1248
31. What were the crusades?
• Military campaigns sanctioned by the Pope
• Recapture Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslims 1095-1291
• Response to Muslim threats to pilgrim routes
– 1009 Holy Sepulcher destroyed by Fatimid dynasty
• Help requested by Byzantine Empire
– Threat from Seljuk Turks - Battle of Manzikert 1071
• 8 Crusades - mostly unsuccessful
• Breakdown of autocratic feudalism, disillusionment with the Catholic
Church, loss of prestige of Papacy, impoverishment, new ideas
32. Jewish History Christian History
Divided Kingdoms
400
400
Divided Empire
922 – 597 BCE 919 - 1309 CE
• Kingdom divided into Judah and
Israel
• Rehaboam and Jeroboam
• Cain: Israel
– 19 kings in 260 years
– Prophets, no repentance
– 721 BC Assyrians
• Abel: Judah
– 20 kings in 394 years
– Prophets, corruption
– 597 BC Babylonians
• Collapse of autocratic society
• Empire divided East and West
Franks - Germany and France
• Henry I ‘The Fowler’ crowned
King of the Germans 919
• Great Schism 1054
• Investiture Controversy
• Internal reformation: saints,
monastics and scholars
• External chastisement:
Crusades 1096-1248
• Decline of autocratic feudalism
33. Jewish History Christian History
210
Exile and Return
Papal Captivity & Return
210
• Babylonian Exile
– 10,000 Jews
– 597 - 527 BC
– Purification
• Return to Jerusalem
– Edict Cyrus 538 BC
– Rebuilding Temple
– Ezra the Scribe 458 BC
– Nehemiah 445 BC
• Pope Clement V moves to
Avignon in France 1309
• Supposed to be purified
• Very political
• Centralised
• Money grabbing
• Luxury, corruption
• Pope Gregory XI moves
back to Rome 1377
70 years: 597- 527 BC
140 years: 527- 400 BC
70 years: 1309 -1377
140 years: 1378 -1517
35. Return of the Papacy
France
Holy
Roman
Empire
Avignon
1377
Rome
36. Jewish History Christian History
210
Exile and Return
Papal Captivity & Return
210
• Babylonian Exile
– 10,000 Jews
– 597 - 527 BC
– Purification
• Return to Jerusalem
– Edict Cyrus 538 BC
– Rebuilding Temple
– Ezra the Scribe 458 BC
– Nehemiah 445 BC
• Pope Clement V moves to
Avignon in France 1309
• Pope Gregory XI moves
back to Rome 1377
• Papal Schism 1378 -1417
– Council Pisa 1409
– 3 popes
– Council of Constance 1414
• Huge confusion
– Reform movements
– Wycliffe, Jan Hus
70 years: 597- 527 BC
140 years: 527- 400 BC
70 years: 1309 -1377
140 years: 1378 -1517
37. Jewish History Christian History
Prep. for the Messiah
400
Prep. for Second Advent
400
• Malachi
• Other religious leaders
– Socrates (470-389 BC)
– Buddha (565-485 BC)
– Confucius (552-479 BC)
• Roman Empire
• Synthesis Hebraism and
Hellenism
• Renaissance
• Reformation
• Enlightenment
• Great Awakening
– UK, USA, Sikhism
• Missionaries
• British Empire
• Democracy & free market
• Science & technology
400 BC – Birth of Christ
1517 (Martin Luther)
to 1917 (400 years)
38. Jewish History Christian History
Slavery in Egypt
Judges
Israelite Monarchy
Divided Kingdoms
Exile and Return
Prep. for the Messiah
Suffering under Rome
Church Patriarchs
Christian Empire
Divided Empire
Papal Captivity & Return
Prep. for 2nd Advent
400
400
120
400
210
400
Malachi 1517 Luther