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Connec&ng	
  to	
  the	
  Core	
  of	
  the	
  Internet	
  




Internet Peering

                      ©2012	
  DrPeering	
  Interna&onal	
  
                      Licensed	
  material	
  –	
  sales@DrPeering.net	
  
                      h>p://DrPeering.net	
  
2	
          	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     INTERNET	
  PEERING	
  




                                                                    Connec&ng	
  to	
  the	
  Core	
  of	
  the	
  Internet	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  




                                                                                                                                             2	
  
Overview	
  of	
  this	
  Internet	
  Peering	
  Sec&on	
  


•  Introduce	
  Internet	
  Peering	
  
•  List	
  3	
  key	
  points	
  about	
  how	
  Internet	
  Peering	
  is	
  
     different	
  from	
  Internet	
  Transit	
  
•  List	
  top	
  five	
  mo&va&ons	
  ISPs	
  gave	
  for	
  peering	
  
•  Understand	
  the	
  Internet	
  Peering	
  Process	
  
	
  



                                                                             3	
  
The	
  most	
  common	
  ques&on	
  at	
  Peering	
  Forums	
  

Q:	
  “Internet	
  Transit	
  is	
  so	
  cheap,	
  why	
  do	
  we	
  need	
  
anything	
  else?”	
  
    –  “Why	
  bother	
  with	
  Peering?”	
  
    –  “Transit	
  is	
  so	
  cheap	
  ($1-­‐$3/Mbps)”	
  
    –  “and	
  Transit	
  keeps	
  geng	
  cheaper”	
  
•  “Does	
  Peering	
  make	
  sense	
  anymore?”	
  
•  #1	
  Ques&on	
  in	
  ISP	
  Peering	
  Coordinator	
  
   Community	
  
•  EVERY……YEAR	
  
                                                                             4	
  
Does	
  Peering	
  Make	
  sense	
  anymore?	
  


A:	
  Price	
  drops	
  30%,	
  volume	
  increases	
  60%	
  

àTransit	
  Bill	
  rises	
  




                                                                 5	
  
What	
  is	
  Internet	
  Peering?	
  
•  Defini1on:	
  Internet	
  Peering	
  is	
  the	
  business	
  rela&onship	
  whereby	
  two	
  
   companies	
  reciprocally	
  provide	
  access	
  to	
  each	
  others’	
  customers.	
  




                                                                                                    6	
  
Internet	
  Peering	
  
•  3	
  Key	
  Points	
  	
  
   1.  Peering	
  is	
  not	
  a	
  transi1ve	
  rela1onship	
  
   2.  Peering	
  is	
  not	
  a	
  perfect	
  subs1tute	
  
   3.  Peering	
  is	
  typically	
  seDlement	
  free	
  




                                                                   7	
  
Equivalent	
  Nota&ons	
  




                             Text	
  form:	
  ApeerB	
  




                                                  8	
  
Create	
  network	
  diagrams	
  




Nota&on	
  shorthand	
  to	
  
simply	
  describe	
  business	
  
Rela&onships	
  
	
  
I	
  use	
  this	
  nota&on	
  when	
  
working	
  with	
  clients	
  on	
  
strategies	
  
-­‐Where	
  to	
  buy,	
  sell,	
  peer.	
  




                                               9	
  
 	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
        TOP	
  5	
  MOTIVATIONS	
  FOR	
  PEERING	
  




                                                       Differs	
  depending	
  on	
  category	
  of	
  Network	
  Services	
  Company	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  




                                                                                                                                                      10	
  
The	
  Top	
  5	
  Mo&va&ons	
  to	
  Peer	
  

1.  Lower	
  Transit	
  Costs	
  
  (#1	
  mo&ve	
  of	
  ISPs)	
  
2.  Improve	
  end	
  user	
  experience	
  
  (#1	
  mo&ve	
  of	
  Content	
  Heavy	
  network	
  service	
  providers) 	
  	
  
3.  Be>er	
  control	
  over	
  rou&ng-­‐strategic	
  
  (#1	
  from	
  Yahoo!,	
  NetFlix	
  2008)	
  
4.  Usage	
  based	
  billing	
  –	
  make	
  more	
  money	
  by	
  peering	
  
  (#1	
  from	
  AboveNet)	
  
5.  Sell	
  more	
  underlying	
  transport	
  capacity	
  
  (#1	
  from	
  Telecom	
  Italia)	
  


                                                                                        11	
  
 	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     THE	
  3	
  PHASES	
  OF	
  PEERING	
  




                                                                                       The	
  Peering	
  Process	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  




                                                                                                                               12	
  
Phase	
  1	
  –	
  Iden&fica&on	
  of	
  Peering	
  Target	
  

•    NetFlow	
  
•    Arbor	
  PeakFlow	
  
•    nfsen	
  
•    others	
  




                                                                 13	
  
Traffic	
  Distribu&on	
  Profiles	
  

                                      •  Top	
  20-­‐40%	
  tend	
  
                                          to	
  be	
  restric/ve	
  
                                          peers	
  
                                      •  The	
  next	
  group	
  
                                         tends	
  to	
  be	
  
                                         selec/ve	
  peers	
  
                                      •  The	
  rest	
  tend	
  to	
  
                                         be	
  open	
  peers	
  


                                                                  14	
  
Phase	
  2	
  –	
  Ini&al	
  Contact	
  &	
  Qualifica&on	
  


•  “Peering	
  Steering	
  
   Commi>ee”	
  
•  Finding	
  the	
  right	
  person	
  
   is	
  a	
  challenge	
  
•  Traveling,	
  behind	
  on	
  
   email,	
  too	
  many	
  balls	
  in	
  
   the	
  air	
  
•  Here	
  are	
  the	
  top	
  10	
  
   ways	
  seasoned	
  peering	
  
   professionals	
  use	
  to	
  
   establish	
  contact	
                                      15	
  
Top	
  10	
  Ways	
  the	
  Pros	
  Contact	
  Target	
  ISPs	
  

1.        face-­‐to-­‐face	
  at	
  informal	
  mee&ng	
  in	
  an	
  Internet	
  
          Opera&ons	
  forum	
  like	
  NANOG,	
  IETF,	
  RIPE,	
  GPF,	
  
          APNIC,	
  AFNOG,	
  etc.,	
  	
  
2.        face-­‐to-­‐face	
  at	
  Commercial	
  Peering	
  Forums	
  like	
  
          Global	
  Peering	
  Forum	
  (you	
  must	
  be	
  a	
  customer	
  of	
  
          one	
  of	
  the	
  sponsoring	
  Ixes)	
  
3.        face-­‐to-­‐face	
  at	
  IX	
  Member	
  Mee&ngs	
  like	
  DE-­‐CIX,	
  
          LINX,	
  or	
  AMS-­‐IX	
  member	
  mee&ngs.	
  
4.        introduc&ons	
  through	
  an	
  IX	
  Chief	
  Technical	
  
          Liaison	
  (or	
  a	
  peer)	
  that	
  knows	
  the	
  right	
  contacts	
  



                                                                                          16	
  
Top	
  10	
  ways	
  the	
  Pros	
  Contact	
  Target	
  ISPs	
  

5.        via	
  electronic	
  mail,	
  using	
  the	
  pseudo	
  standard	
  
          peering@ispdomain.net	
  or	
  a	
  personal	
  contact,	
  	
  
6.        from	
  contacts	
  listed	
  on	
  an	
  exchange	
  point	
  
          par&cipant	
  list,	
  or	
  peeringdb	
  registra&ons,	
  
7.        with	
  tech-­‐c	
  or	
  admin-­‐c	
  from	
  DNS	
  or	
  ASN	
  
          registries,	
  
8.        Google	
  for	
  peering	
  contact	
  $ASN	
  peering	
  ,	
  
9.        from	
  the	
  target	
  ISP	
  sales	
  force,	
  at	
  trade	
  show	
  or	
  
          as	
  part	
  of	
  sales	
  process,	
  
10.       from	
  the	
  target	
  ISP	
  NOC.	
  




                                                                                             17	
  
A	
  Bad	
  Peering	
  email	
  
Hello	
  kind	
  sir,	
                                                         misspellings,	
  poor	
  grammar	
  generally	
  
It	
  has	
  recently	
  been	
  purchsased	
  to	
  my	
  a>en&on	
  that	
  at	
  this	
  moment	
  in	
  &me	
  both	
  
of	
  our	
  companies	
  are	
  present	
  at	
  the	
  LINX	
  in	
  London	
  England	
  and	
  that	
  we	
  do	
  not	
  
at	
  this	
  moment	
  in	
  &me	
  have	
  an	
  agreement	
  between	
  our	
  companies	
  such	
  that	
  we	
  
may	
  interchange	
  the	
  traffics	
  of	
  our	
  people	
  and	
  customers	
  over	
  this	
  LINX	
  in	
  
London	
  England	
  but	
  that	
  we	
  exchanges	
  our	
  traffics	
  in	
  other	
  manors	
  that	
  are	
  
                                                                                                                                Missing	
  Informa&on	
  
detriment	
  to	
  our	
  combined	
  interests.	
                                                                              	
  
Please	
  may	
  it	
  be	
  that	
  you	
  are	
  in	
  reply	
  to	
  my	
  email	
  which	
  I	
  write	
  with	
  great	
   AS	
  Number?	
  
sa&sfica&on	
  that	
  we	
  are	
  to	
  be	
  seng	
  the	
  configura&on	
  up	
  of	
  the	
  peerings	
  at	
  LINX	
   	
  
in	
  London	
  England.	
  
                                                                                                                                Traffic	
  Volume?	
  
Please	
  be	
  in	
  reply	
  to	
  this	
  email	
  if	
  you	
  are	
  in	
  agreement.	
  
                                                                                                                                	
  
I	
  am	
  available	
  of	
  the	
  email	
  address	
  peering@internetserviceprovidings.in	
  
                                                                                                                                Peering	
  Requirements	
  (if	
  
Peering	
  Department	
  
Internet	
  Service	
  Providings	
  India	
  
                                                                                                                                any?)	
  
                                                                                                                    	
  
                                                                                                                    Other	
  Peering	
  Loca&ons?	
  
                                                                                                                    	
  
                                                                                                                    URL	
  to	
  backbone	
  maps,	
  
                                                                                                                    website?	
  


What	
  problems	
  do	
  you	
  see	
  with	
  this	
  peering	
  request?	
  
                                                                                                                                                             18	
  
A	
  slightly	
  be>er	
  peering	
  email	
  request	
  




                                                            19	
  
Phase	
  2	
  –	
  Ini&al	
  Discussion	
  


•  NDAs	
  may	
  be	
  signed	
   Non-­‐Disclosure	
  Agreements	
  
•  BLPAs	
  examined	
                 Bi-­‐Lateral	
  Peering	
  Agreements	
  
•  Discussion	
  of	
  
   prerequisites	
  and	
  
   policies	
  
•  Exchange	
  of	
  backbone	
  
   maps	
  
•  Like	
  a	
  date,	
  with	
  a	
  
   chance	
  of	
  long-­‐term	
  
   happiness	
  from	
  
   exchanging	
  routes	
                                                 20	
  
Phase	
  3	
  –	
  Implementa&on	
  Discussion	
  


•  Direct	
  Circuit	
                 •  Internet	
  Exchange	
  Point	
  
                                       	
  




                                                                         21	
  
Direct	
  Circuit	
  vs.	
  Internet	
  Exchange	
  Point	
  

Direct	
  Circuit	
     IX	
  Approach	
  
Approach 	
  	
         •  Private	
  peering	
  
•  Exactly	
  two	
     +Public	
  Peering	
  
   par&es	
             •  Mul&ple	
  par&es	
  
   connected	
               connected	
  to	
  
                             shared	
  peering	
  
                             fabric	
  
•  Cost:	
  circuit	
   •  Cost:	
  
   cost	
                    Transport,	
  
                             router,	
  colo,	
  
                             peering	
  port	
  
                                                                   22	
  
A	
  quick	
  “Paid	
  Peering”	
  Aside	
  

•  Defini1on:	
  A	
  Paid	
  Peering	
  rela&onship	
  is	
  a	
  
     peering	
  rela&onship	
  but	
  with	
  an	
  exchange	
  of	
  
     compensa&on	
  from	
  one	
  party	
  to	
  the	
  other.	
  
Characteris&cs	
  of	
  a	
  Paid	
  Peering	
  Rela&onship	
  
Metered:	
  $/Mbps	
  
or	
  Barter	
  for	
  services	
  
~	
  Asymmetric	
  alloca&on	
  of	
  costs	
  of	
  peering	
  
rela&onships	
  
                                                          Paid	
  Peering	
  nota&on	
  

                                                                                   23	
  
Challenges	
  

1.  “I	
  am	
  ISP	
  A.	
  If	
  I	
  peer	
  with	
  B	
  and	
  C,	
  won’t	
  B	
  and	
  C	
  start	
  sending	
  their	
  traffic	
  
    to	
  each	
  other	
  through	
  my	
  network?”	
                                  B	
            P	
                 P	
  
                                                                                                                   A	
                C	
  

2.  In	
  Australia	
  we	
  tax	
  barter.	
  .	
  .	
  How	
  is	
  Internet	
  Peering	
  like	
  or	
  unlike	
  
    barter?	
  

3.  Draw	
  the	
  network	
  diagram	
  using	
  the	
  peering	
  and	
  transit	
  nota&on	
  for	
  the	
  
    following	
  scenario:	
  ISP	
  A	
  and	
  ISP	
  B	
  purchase	
  transit	
  from	
  ISP	
  C	
  who	
  peers	
  
    with	
  ISP	
  D	
  and	
  ISP	
  E.	
  ISP	
  D	
  sells	
  transit	
  to	
  ISP	
  X	
  and	
  ISP	
  E	
  sells	
  transit	
  to	
  
    ISP	
  Y.	
                                                                                                       T	
  $	
   D
                                                                                                                                    P	
  
                                                                                                                                            C	
  
                                                                                                                                                               P	
  
                                                                                                                                                                       E	
     $	
  
                                                                                                                    X	
                     $	
  
                                                                                                                                           T	
  
                                                                                                                                                    $	
  
                                                                                                                                                            T	
                T	
  
4.  In	
  #3,	
  would	
  ISP	
  C	
  likely	
  be	
  interested	
  in	
  peering	
  with	
  ISP	
  A?	
                                                                 Y	
  
                                                                                                                                  A	
                 B	
  
5.  Should	
  paid	
  peering	
  be	
  priced	
  the	
  same	
  as	
  Internet	
  Transit?	
  What	
  is	
  the	
  
    case	
  for	
  it	
  being	
  priced	
  cheaper	
  than	
  transit,	
  and	
  what	
  is	
  the	
  case	
  for	
  
    pricing	
  is	
  higher	
  than	
  the	
  price	
  of	
  transit?	
  



                                                                                                                                                              24	
  
Ques&ons?	
  




                25	
  

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04 internet peering

  • 1. Connec&ng  to  the  Core  of  the  Internet   Internet Peering ©2012  DrPeering  Interna&onal   Licensed  material  –  sales@DrPeering.net   h>p://DrPeering.net  
  • 2. 2                                           INTERNET  PEERING   Connec&ng  to  the  Core  of  the  Internet               2  
  • 3. Overview  of  this  Internet  Peering  Sec&on   •  Introduce  Internet  Peering   •  List  3  key  points  about  how  Internet  Peering  is   different  from  Internet  Transit   •  List  top  five  mo&va&ons  ISPs  gave  for  peering   •  Understand  the  Internet  Peering  Process     3  
  • 4. The  most  common  ques&on  at  Peering  Forums   Q:  “Internet  Transit  is  so  cheap,  why  do  we  need   anything  else?”   –  “Why  bother  with  Peering?”   –  “Transit  is  so  cheap  ($1-­‐$3/Mbps)”   –  “and  Transit  keeps  geng  cheaper”   •  “Does  Peering  make  sense  anymore?”   •  #1  Ques&on  in  ISP  Peering  Coordinator   Community   •  EVERY……YEAR   4  
  • 5. Does  Peering  Make  sense  anymore?   A:  Price  drops  30%,  volume  increases  60%   àTransit  Bill  rises   5  
  • 6. What  is  Internet  Peering?   •  Defini1on:  Internet  Peering  is  the  business  rela&onship  whereby  two   companies  reciprocally  provide  access  to  each  others’  customers.   6  
  • 7. Internet  Peering   •  3  Key  Points     1.  Peering  is  not  a  transi1ve  rela1onship   2.  Peering  is  not  a  perfect  subs1tute   3.  Peering  is  typically  seDlement  free   7  
  • 8. Equivalent  Nota&ons   Text  form:  ApeerB   8  
  • 9. Create  network  diagrams   Nota&on  shorthand  to   simply  describe  business   Rela&onships     I  use  this  nota&on  when   working  with  clients  on   strategies   -­‐Where  to  buy,  sell,  peer.   9  
  • 10.                                         TOP  5  MOTIVATIONS  FOR  PEERING   Differs  depending  on  category  of  Network  Services  Company               10  
  • 11. The  Top  5  Mo&va&ons  to  Peer   1.  Lower  Transit  Costs   (#1  mo&ve  of  ISPs)   2.  Improve  end  user  experience   (#1  mo&ve  of  Content  Heavy  network  service  providers)     3.  Be>er  control  over  rou&ng-­‐strategic   (#1  from  Yahoo!,  NetFlix  2008)   4.  Usage  based  billing  –  make  more  money  by  peering   (#1  from  AboveNet)   5.  Sell  more  underlying  transport  capacity   (#1  from  Telecom  Italia)   11  
  • 12.                                         THE  3  PHASES  OF  PEERING   The  Peering  Process               12  
  • 13. Phase  1  –  Iden&fica&on  of  Peering  Target   •  NetFlow   •  Arbor  PeakFlow   •  nfsen   •  others   13  
  • 14. Traffic  Distribu&on  Profiles   •  Top  20-­‐40%  tend   to  be  restric/ve   peers   •  The  next  group   tends  to  be   selec/ve  peers   •  The  rest  tend  to   be  open  peers   14  
  • 15. Phase  2  –  Ini&al  Contact  &  Qualifica&on   •  “Peering  Steering   Commi>ee”   •  Finding  the  right  person   is  a  challenge   •  Traveling,  behind  on   email,  too  many  balls  in   the  air   •  Here  are  the  top  10   ways  seasoned  peering   professionals  use  to   establish  contact   15  
  • 16. Top  10  Ways  the  Pros  Contact  Target  ISPs   1.  face-­‐to-­‐face  at  informal  mee&ng  in  an  Internet   Opera&ons  forum  like  NANOG,  IETF,  RIPE,  GPF,   APNIC,  AFNOG,  etc.,     2.  face-­‐to-­‐face  at  Commercial  Peering  Forums  like   Global  Peering  Forum  (you  must  be  a  customer  of   one  of  the  sponsoring  Ixes)   3.  face-­‐to-­‐face  at  IX  Member  Mee&ngs  like  DE-­‐CIX,   LINX,  or  AMS-­‐IX  member  mee&ngs.   4.  introduc&ons  through  an  IX  Chief  Technical   Liaison  (or  a  peer)  that  knows  the  right  contacts   16  
  • 17. Top  10  ways  the  Pros  Contact  Target  ISPs   5.  via  electronic  mail,  using  the  pseudo  standard   peering@ispdomain.net  or  a  personal  contact,     6.  from  contacts  listed  on  an  exchange  point   par&cipant  list,  or  peeringdb  registra&ons,   7.  with  tech-­‐c  or  admin-­‐c  from  DNS  or  ASN   registries,   8.  Google  for  peering  contact  $ASN  peering  ,   9.  from  the  target  ISP  sales  force,  at  trade  show  or   as  part  of  sales  process,   10.  from  the  target  ISP  NOC.   17  
  • 18. A  Bad  Peering  email   Hello  kind  sir,   misspellings,  poor  grammar  generally   It  has  recently  been  purchsased  to  my  a>en&on  that  at  this  moment  in  &me  both   of  our  companies  are  present  at  the  LINX  in  London  England  and  that  we  do  not   at  this  moment  in  &me  have  an  agreement  between  our  companies  such  that  we   may  interchange  the  traffics  of  our  people  and  customers  over  this  LINX  in   London  England  but  that  we  exchanges  our  traffics  in  other  manors  that  are   Missing  Informa&on   detriment  to  our  combined  interests.     Please  may  it  be  that  you  are  in  reply  to  my  email  which  I  write  with  great   AS  Number?   sa&sfica&on  that  we  are  to  be  seng  the  configura&on  up  of  the  peerings  at  LINX     in  London  England.   Traffic  Volume?   Please  be  in  reply  to  this  email  if  you  are  in  agreement.     I  am  available  of  the  email  address  peering@internetserviceprovidings.in   Peering  Requirements  (if   Peering  Department   Internet  Service  Providings  India   any?)     Other  Peering  Loca&ons?     URL  to  backbone  maps,   website?   What  problems  do  you  see  with  this  peering  request?   18  
  • 19. A  slightly  be>er  peering  email  request   19  
  • 20. Phase  2  –  Ini&al  Discussion   •  NDAs  may  be  signed   Non-­‐Disclosure  Agreements   •  BLPAs  examined   Bi-­‐Lateral  Peering  Agreements   •  Discussion  of   prerequisites  and   policies   •  Exchange  of  backbone   maps   •  Like  a  date,  with  a   chance  of  long-­‐term   happiness  from   exchanging  routes   20  
  • 21. Phase  3  –  Implementa&on  Discussion   •  Direct  Circuit   •  Internet  Exchange  Point     21  
  • 22. Direct  Circuit  vs.  Internet  Exchange  Point   Direct  Circuit   IX  Approach   Approach     •  Private  peering   •  Exactly  two   +Public  Peering   par&es   •  Mul&ple  par&es   connected   connected  to   shared  peering   fabric   •  Cost:  circuit   •  Cost:   cost   Transport,   router,  colo,   peering  port   22  
  • 23. A  quick  “Paid  Peering”  Aside   •  Defini1on:  A  Paid  Peering  rela&onship  is  a   peering  rela&onship  but  with  an  exchange  of   compensa&on  from  one  party  to  the  other.   Characteris&cs  of  a  Paid  Peering  Rela&onship   Metered:  $/Mbps   or  Barter  for  services   ~  Asymmetric  alloca&on  of  costs  of  peering   rela&onships   Paid  Peering  nota&on   23  
  • 24. Challenges   1.  “I  am  ISP  A.  If  I  peer  with  B  and  C,  won’t  B  and  C  start  sending  their  traffic   to  each  other  through  my  network?”   B   P   P   A   C   2.  In  Australia  we  tax  barter.  .  .  How  is  Internet  Peering  like  or  unlike   barter?   3.  Draw  the  network  diagram  using  the  peering  and  transit  nota&on  for  the   following  scenario:  ISP  A  and  ISP  B  purchase  transit  from  ISP  C  who  peers   with  ISP  D  and  ISP  E.  ISP  D  sells  transit  to  ISP  X  and  ISP  E  sells  transit  to   ISP  Y.   T  $   D P   C   P   E   $   X   $   T   $   T   T   4.  In  #3,  would  ISP  C  likely  be  interested  in  peering  with  ISP  A?   Y   A   B   5.  Should  paid  peering  be  priced  the  same  as  Internet  Transit?  What  is  the   case  for  it  being  priced  cheaper  than  transit,  and  what  is  the  case  for   pricing  is  higher  than  the  price  of  transit?   24  
  • 25. Ques&ons?   25