Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.ppt
Ataw f & r ch 1 audio
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Editor's Notes
Thought and behaviorApplied and researchPractice and science (practice refers to helping people with psychological problems; science refers to using a particular method for answering questions about thought and behavior)
Nature/nurtureDualism
Show textbook, and introduce authorsFeist and RosenbergBOTH matter, all the timeAlmost everything we know about psychology was discovered by someone through researchThe topics may seem disjointed, but there are themes running through all topicsAlmost everything we learn in psychology is relevant to our everyday livesEach chapter has a theme, with underlying processes being relevant all through it
Scientific study of thought and behaviorPsychologists use a particular approach (a scientific approach) to answer their questions
Clinical…the treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and the promotion of psychological health
Cognitive-study of how people perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve problemsDevelopmental-study of how thought and behavior change and remain stable across the life spanBehavioral neuroscience-study of the links among brain, mind, and behaviorSocial-study of how living among others influences thought, feeling, and behaviorHealth-study of the role that psychological factors play in regard to physical health and illnessIndustrial/organizational-application of psychological concepts and questions to work settings
A long time (7,000-50,000) yearsThe pendulum has swung from considering psychological problems as due to supernatural, or natural, causesWe have evidence that in prehistoric times, people attempted to treat physical and/or mental problems by drilling a small hole in a person’s skull (correct in thinking that the brain is related to our physical and mental health)The ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Chinese (2600- 400 BCE) began to replace supernatural explanations (such as demonic spirits) with natural and biological ones (e.g., connections between a person’s body and his or her emotions)Then the pendulum swung the other way, unfortunately, again placing the blame for mental illnesses on supernatural phenomena
Psychotherapy (talking with a trained clinician)Drug therapyConsistent criteria for diagnosis (DSM), which we’ll talk about in the chapter on mental illness
Examine and test human functions and collect data (philosophers don’t do that)Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley HallFrancis Cecil SumnerMary Whiton Calkins (she completed coursework for PhD but Harvard wouldn’t give it to her)Now, more PhDs in psychology are awarded to women than to men
StructuralismFunctionalismBehavior
Watson and Skinner
Maslow and RogersMental processes include thinking, language, decision making, emotion
Genes; everything else, environment
Descartes, a French philosopher and mathematician (many important ideas, but this was an erroneous one)Many examples of mind and body being one, such as the relationship between Type A personality and heart disease
Natural selection
Cognitive-study mental processes, and would ask how drivers pay attention to driving information while talking on a cell phone (i.e., can they split their attention and perform both tasks well?)Developmental-study change and continuity over the life span, and would ask at what age kids should be online by themselves, or how our personality is shaped by online interactionsClinical-study psychological disorders, and would ask how we know when online activity is disruptive to one’s life (some would use the term “internet addiction”)