1. CHAPTER 12
The French Revolution and
Napoléon
Section 1: The Roots of Revolution
Section 2: The French Revolution
Section 3:The French Republic
Section 4: The Napoléonic Era
Section 5: A Return to Peace
2. SECTION 3
The French Republic
12.3 Bell Ringer:
In what ways did the National
Convention differ from the
Directory?
National Directory
Convention
Voters
Executive
branch
Length of
rule
Use of terror
3. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
In our last class, France was faced with
having to create a new government . . .
This time without a king.
Delegates were selected to convene a
National Convention to write a new
constitution. (The term was taken from the
Constitutional Convention which drew up the US
Constitution in 1787.)
Universal Manhood Suffrage
4. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
The Convention delegates were divided into three groups:
Jacobins
“waffles”
Girondins
5. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
Jacobins
• Republicans who favored domination by Paris
• Were supported by the Commune and sans-
culottes
• wanted reforms to benefit ALL classes –believed
that the vote should be universal, popular
education, and that the gov’t should provide for
the welfare of the poor
• The more radical members were called The
Mountain (for where they sat in the Convention)
6. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
Danton Marat Robespierre
Leaders of the Jacobins
7. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
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Territories
Who or What were
the Sans-culottes?
They were the working people, the
shop owners, the trades people,
the artisans, and even the factory
workers.
8. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
Girondins
• Lawyers, intellectuals and journalists, the
Girondins attracted a following of businessmen,
merchants, industrialists, and financiers.
• Feared that the Parisians would take over …
9. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
Brought Louis XVI to trial …
10. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
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Executed Louis XVI on 21 January 1793
11. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
“Madame
Guillotine”
“The
National
Razor”
12. Visual Source
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
Hostile foreign press
on the execution of
The king.
February 1793
13. Visual Source
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
The Birth of the French
Republic
14. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
French army FINALLY stopped the foreign
invaders . . . Good news! Now they start to
“export” the Revolution . . .
European monarchs join together in an alliance
Against the French and invade France . . .
15. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
Committee of
Public Safety
-Created to meet the
threat of invasion
-est. a special court for
“enemies of the
Revolution”
--The Revolutionary Tribunal
-adopted conscription to fill the army
16. Visual Source
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
“the purifying pot of the Jacobins”
17. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
Events begin to spiral out of control …
Danton & Robespierre arrest their enemies …
namely the Girondins.
Charlotte Corday
assassinates Marat.
19. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
The Reign of Terror
Sept 1793 – July 1794
-supposedly punished enemies of the Republic
-Marie-Antoinette
-basically ANYONE suspected of disloyalty
including Girondin opponents
-Olympe de Gouges
executed TWICE as many bourgeoisie as nobles
MORE THEN TWICE as many peasants & workers
as bourgeoisie …
20. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
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Danton declared the Reign of Terror had met
its goal . . .
Robespierre didn’t think so …
Guess who was next …
22. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
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Many of the Jacobins began to fear for
their own safety . . .
A conspiracy was formed to overthrow
Robespierre.
23. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
July 28th 1794
The Reign of Terror was over.
25. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
After the Reign of Terror …
• Sense of relief
• Jacobins lost power
• Wealthy middle class took control
• Riots by poor were put down by the army
• By 1794 people began to favor a return to a
• monarchy
26. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
Work of the National Convention
• Opened new schools – universal elementary
education
• Wage & price controls
• Abolished slavery in French colonies
• Encourage religious toleration
• Metric system
• New militaristic spirit – used army to quell dissent
• Crushed Paris uprising 1795 – new gov’t would
not accept any opposition
27. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
The Directory
• Two house legislature
• Executive branch = 5 directors
• Only male property owners could vote
• Not effective – directors were weak &
corrupt
• Used army against unrest
• Paved the way for a military dictatorship
28. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
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And who would become their dictator?
An ambitious young army officer . . . . Napoleon.
29. SECTION 3
Israel and the Occupied
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Napoleon was a war hero having fought
against foreign invaders . . .
His supporters would use his popularity to
overthrow the Directory …
Coup d’etat!
30. Visual Source
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
The Directory and Napoleon
31. Section 3 Reflection
Israel and the Occupied
The French Republic
Territories
Why would the French
support another
upheaval in
their
government?
33. SECTION 3
The French Republic
National Directory
Convention
Voters universal manhood male property owners
suffrage only
Executive committees 5 directors
branch
Length of 3 years 4 years
rule
Use of terror yes no
