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WESTERVILLE
PUBLIC
LIBRARY

   

   





                 Introduction
to

                     Computers

[This
handout
is
based
on
the
use
of
Windows

                              XP
Professional]

                                              





                                                  2010





        126
SOUTH
STATE
STREET
WESTERVILLE
OH
43081

Hardware

        Computer
hardware
is
a
computer
item
you
can
physically
see
or
touch.

Software

        Software
refers
to
the
programs
and
data
that
operate
the
computer
system.


        Word
processing
programs
and
Internet
browsers
are
examples
of
software.



Types
of
Computers

        Desktop
PC
(Personal
Computer)
                            Laptop





                                                                                       

                                    





Main
Parts
of
a
Laptop





                                                                                       

                                        

            Monitor
and
Keyboard
                            Touch
Pad





Main
Parts
of
a
PC
(Personal
Computer)

    

                                             2

Monitor




                                                                                                

                                                          

                          Mouse




                                                               Keyboard
                    Tower





                                                               
                        

           



                   Front
of
tower
                                   Back
of
tower


                                         Disc
Drive








Power

Button



 Headphones
                            USB
Ports

    and

    Microphones





                                     
                                                               

       


       

       

       Disks
and
Drives



           

                                                          3

Hard
Drive:
The
hard
drive
is
the
main
storage
medium
in
desktop
and
laptop
computers.

        This
is
also
known
as
the
C:
drive.

        

        Disc
Drive:
a
drive
that
uses
CDs
or
DVDs
in
order
to
store
or
access
information.
This
is

        also
known
as
the
D:
drive.


                                                 

                                                       Eject
button

                                                               

                                                 

                                                               

        

                     Disc
drive
                                          Recordable
disc

                                                                                    

        USB
drive:
a
portable
drive
that
is
often
the
size
of
your
thumb.
It
connects
to
the

                                                                                    

        computer’s
USB
port
in
order
to
store
or
access
information.
This
is
currently
the
easiest

        and
most
reliable
way
to
save
information,
other
than
your
computer’s
hard
drive.

                                        

                                        

                                        

                                        

                                        

        

Port
                    USB
Flash
Drive


        

        Floppy
Disk
Drive:
An
older
form
of
portable
storage.
Uses
square
disks
with
a
hard
case
in

        order
to
store
and
access
information.
This
form
of
storage
is
no
longer
recommended,
as

        the
disks
store
very
little
information,
and
are
not
as
reliable
as
other
storage
formats.





            

                                                       4



                                                           

                                                           

                                                           

                                                          

                                                          Mouse
Basics

                                                                                           Floppy
Disks

                  External
Floppy
Drive

                         

        How
to
hold
a
mouse
                                               The
Left
Button

              






















                                      Single
Clicking:


                                                                              •    Clicking
the
left
mouse
button
one
time


                                                                              •    Usually
used
to
select
items
on
screen


                                                                              •    Also
used
when
accessing
websites

                                                       Right Handed
                                                                            Double
Clicking:

              

                   Left Handed
                                                                               •    Clicking
the
left
mouse
button
quickly

              

                                                                                    two
times
in
a
row

        

    Most
Common
types
of
mice:

                                                                               •    Used
to
open
programs
and
view
files

    • 
 Optical
Mouse:
Plugs
into
the
computer,
best

                                                                               •    Can
also
be
done
by
single
clicking,
and

        
 with
a
smooth,
non‐reflective
surface
for

                                                                                    then
using
the
Enter
button
on
the

        
 smooth
cursor
movement.

                                                 keyboard

                                            
                               Click
and
Drag
(or
Drag
and
Drop)

    
                                       
                                  •    Click
and
hold
the
left
mouse
button
to

    
                                                                               drag
and
drop
an
object

                                            

                                            
                                  •    Click
and
drag
is
used
to
move
objects
or

                                                Optical
mouse
        Wireless
mouse

                                                                                 resize
windows

        

                                        
                        
         The
Right
Button

    • 
 Wireless
Mouse:
Does
not
use
a
cord
to

        connect
to
the
computer.
Instead,
uses
a
                          Right
Click:

        

            receiver
to
communicate
with
the
computer.
                       •    Clicking
the
right
mouse
button
one
time

        



      
                                                                       •    Opens
up
an
options
menu,
or
context

    The
Wheel

                                                                    menu.
The
menu
will
change
according

        •      Some
mice
have
this
in
addition
to
the
                             to
where
the
right
click
was
performed.


              
left
and
right
mouse
buttons

                                                                      5

        •     Use
the
wheel
to
scroll
up
and
down
in

              windows










                           Keyboard
Basics


           

                                                     Example
of
a
Context
Menu

                                               











            The
ESC
key
can
help
you
close
a
program
that
is
not
responding.


        

                             The
CTRL
key
is
used
with
other
keys
to

                             perform
specific
tasks.
The
ALT
key
is
a
helper





    

                                      6

key
as
well.







             Both
the
Caps
Lock
key
and
the
Shift
key
are
used
to
make
capital

letters.
If
the
Caps
Lock
key
is
pressed,
all
letters
typed
will
be
CAPITALIZED

until
the
Caps
Lock
key
is
pressed
again.
To
capitalize
just
one
letter,
hold

down
the
Shift
Key
while
you
type
the
letter(s)
you
would
like
capitalized.



The
Shift
key
is
also
used
to
access
any
of
the
secondary

functions
displayed
on
the
keys.
For
example,
to
type
the
number

1,
just
press
the
1
key.
To
type
the
exclamation
point,
hold
down

the
Shift
key
while
pressing
the
1
key.


                   

                   
The
arrow
keys
help
you
move
around
the
screen.

                   

                   

               
The
Delete
key
is
used
to
remove
text
to
the
right
of
the

               cursor.
It
can
also
be
used
to
send
selected
items
to
the
Recycle

               bin.

               

               The
Home
key
will
send
your
cursor
to
the
beginning
of
the

               line.
The
End
key
sends
the
cursor
to
the
end
of
the
line.


                

                Page
Up
and
Page
Down
move
the
cursor
through
a
document

                page
by
page



    

                                            7



                             

                             The
Enter
key
will
move
your
cursor
to
a
new
line
when
you

                             are
typing.
It
can
also
act
like
a
left
mouse
click.


                             

                             The
Backspace
key
will
remove
text
that
is
to
the
left
of
the

                             cursor.

                             


          Parts
of
the
desktop

              



                                           Shortcut

          

          

          

 Icons



          

          

          

          

          

          
                                                 Taskbar
                  System
Tray




Start
button




              Icons:
A
small
picture
representing
a
program
or
file.




              

                                                       8

Shortcut:

a
type
of
icon
that
is
created
by
the
user



Taskbar:
located
at
the
bottom
of
the
Windows
desktop
and
displays
the

   programs
that
are
currently
running.


   When
a
program
is
minimized,
it
will
appear
in
the
taskbar
as
a
button.

   Simply
click
the
button
to
reopen
the
program
window.



System
Tray:
located
in
the
bottom
right
corner
of
the
screen,
along
with

   the
computer’s
clock.
The
System
Tray
displays
many
of
the
programs

   that
are
running
in
the
background.













                                    9

Start
Button:
Allows
users
to
access
their
computer
programs
and
files.

   Can
also
be
reached
by
pressing
the
Windows
key
on
the
keyboard







                                   10

(located
on
either
side
of
the
spacebar)

      In
Windows
Vista,
the
Start
button
looks
like
this


      

  


                                             •     Programs:
lists
all
of
the
programs
available
on

                                                   your
computer.

                                             •     Documents:
shows
recently
opened
documents.

                                             •     Settings:
shows
options
for
customizing
your
PC

                                             •     Search:
locate
files
on
your
computer

                                             •     Help
and
Support:
Microsoft’s
searchable
index

                                                   of
Help
topics.

                                             •     Shutdown:
Logoff
or
shutdown
the
computer

                                                   safely.





                                     

  

  





                                         Placing
your
mouse
over
an
item
with
a

                                         black
arrow
to
the
right
will
open
a
menu

                                         with
more
options.

                                         





                                 

Parts
of
a
window

                                                      Title
bar


  

                                             11

Command

Menu
bar
                                                                       buttons





                                                                               Scroll
bar

                                                                               

     

                                         
       Minimize
will
remove
your

                                         

                                                 program
from
view,
but
keep
it

                                         

                                                 running.
You
will
not
lose
any

                                         

                                                 work
by
minimizing
a
window.

                                         

                                                 Maximize
will
expand
your

                                         

                Minimize
                        window
to
fit
the
entire
screen

                                             

                                Close
           Close
will
exit
out
of
the

                                             

                                                 program.
You
will
lose
any

                    Maximize
                

                                                 unsaved
changes
to
your
work.


                                                    





            

                                         12


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Introduction to Computers

  • 1. 
WESTERVILLE
PUBLIC
LIBRARY
 
 
 Introduction
to
 Computers
 [This
handout
is
based
on
the
use
of
Windows
 XP
Professional]
 
 2010
 126
SOUTH
STATE
STREET
WESTERVILLE
OH
43081

  • 2. Hardware
 Computer
hardware
is
a
computer
item
you
can
physically
see
or
touch.
 Software
 Software
refers
to
the
programs
and
data
that
operate
the
computer
system.

 Word
processing
programs
and
Internet
browsers
are
examples
of
software.
 
 Types
of
Computers
 Desktop
PC
(Personal
Computer)
 Laptop
 
 
 
 Main
Parts
of
a
Laptop
 
 
 Monitor
and
Keyboard
 Touch
Pad
 
 Main
Parts
of
a
PC
(Personal
Computer)
 
 2

  • 3. Monitor
 
 

 Mouse
 Keyboard
 Tower
 
 
 
 Front
of
tower
 Back
of
tower
 Disc
Drive
 
 Power
 Button
 
 Headphones
 USB
Ports
 and
 Microphones
 
 
 
 
 
 Disks
and
Drives
 
 3

  • 4. Hard
Drive:
The
hard
drive
is
the
main
storage
medium
in
desktop
and
laptop
computers.
 This
is
also
known
as
the
C:
drive.
 
 Disc
Drive:
a
drive
that
uses
CDs
or
DVDs
in
order
to
store
or
access
information.
This
is
 also
known
as
the
D:
drive.

 
 Eject
button
 
 
 
 
 Disc
drive
 Recordable
disc
 
 USB
drive:
a
portable
drive
that
is
often
the
size
of
your
thumb.
It
connects
to
the
 
 computer’s
USB
port
in
order
to
store
or
access
information.
This
is
currently
the
easiest
 and
most
reliable
way
to
save
information,
other
than
your
computer’s
hard
drive.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Port
 USB
Flash
Drive
 
 Floppy
Disk
Drive:
An
older
form
of
portable
storage.
Uses
square
disks
with
a
hard
case
in
 order
to
store
and
access
information.
This
form
of
storage
is
no
longer
recommended,
as
 the
disks
store
very
little
information,
and
are
not
as
reliable
as
other
storage
formats.
 
 4

  • 5. 
 
 
 
 Mouse
Basics
 Floppy
Disks
 External
Floppy
Drive
 
 How
to
hold
a
mouse
 The
Left
Button
 






















 Single
Clicking:
 • Clicking
the
left
mouse
button
one
time
 • Usually
used
to
select
items
on
screen
 • Also
used
when
accessing
websites
 Right Handed Double
Clicking:
 
 Left Handed • Clicking
the
left
mouse
button
quickly
 
 two
times
in
a
row
 
 Most
Common
types
of
mice:
 • Used
to
open
programs
and
view
files
 • 
 Optical
Mouse:
Plugs
into
the
computer,
best
 • Can
also
be
done
by
single
clicking,
and
 
 with
a
smooth,
non‐reflective
surface
for
 then
using
the
Enter
button
on
the
 
 smooth
cursor
movement.

 keyboard
 
 Click
and
Drag
(or
Drag
and
Drop)
 
 
 • Click
and
hold
the
left
mouse
button
to
 
 drag
and
drop
an
object
 
 
 • Click
and
drag
is
used
to
move
objects
or
 Optical
mouse
 Wireless
mouse
 resize
windows
 
 
 
 The
Right
Button
 • 
 Wireless
Mouse:
Does
not
use
a
cord
to
 connect
to
the
computer.
Instead,
uses
a
 Right
Click:
 
 receiver
to
communicate
with
the
computer.
 • Clicking
the
right
mouse
button
one
time
 
 
 
 • Opens
up
an
options
menu,
or
context
 The
Wheel

 menu.
The
menu
will
change
according
 • Some
mice
have
this
in
addition
to
the
 to
where
the
right
click
was
performed.

 
left
and
right
mouse
buttons
 5
 • Use
the
wheel
to
scroll
up
and
down
in
 windows

  • 6. 
 
 
 
 
 Keyboard
Basics
 
 
 Example
of
a
Context
Menu
 
 
 The
ESC
key
can
help
you
close
a
program
that
is
not
responding.

 
 The
CTRL
key
is
used
with
other
keys
to
 perform
specific
tasks.
The
ALT
key
is
a
helper
 
 6

  • 7. key
as
well.
 
 Both
the
Caps
Lock
key
and
the
Shift
key
are
used
to
make
capital
 letters.
If
the
Caps
Lock
key
is
pressed,
all
letters
typed
will
be
CAPITALIZED
 until
the
Caps
Lock
key
is
pressed
again.
To
capitalize
just
one
letter,
hold
 down
the
Shift
Key
while
you
type
the
letter(s)
you
would
like
capitalized.
 
 The
Shift
key
is
also
used
to
access
any
of
the
secondary
 functions
displayed
on
the
keys.
For
example,
to
type
the
number
 1,
just
press
the
1
key.
To
type
the
exclamation
point,
hold
down
 the
Shift
key
while
pressing
the
1
key.

 
 
The
arrow
keys
help
you
move
around
the
screen.
 
 
 
The
Delete
key
is
used
to
remove
text
to
the
right
of
the
 cursor.
It
can
also
be
used
to
send
selected
items
to
the
Recycle
 bin.
 
 The
Home
key
will
send
your
cursor
to
the
beginning
of
the
 line.
The
End
key
sends
the
cursor
to
the
end
of
the
line.
 
 Page
Up
and
Page
Down
move
the
cursor
through
a
document
 page
by
page
 
 7

  • 8. 
 The
Enter
key
will
move
your
cursor
to
a
new
line
when
you
 are
typing.
It
can
also
act
like
a
left
mouse
click.

 
 The
Backspace
key
will
remove
text
that
is
to
the
left
of
the
 cursor.
 
 Parts
of
the
desktop
 
 Shortcut
 
 
 
 Icons
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Taskbar
 System
Tray
 Start
button
 Icons:
A
small
picture
representing
a
program
or
file.


 
 8

  • 9. Shortcut:

a
type
of
icon
that
is
created
by
the
user
 
 Taskbar:
located
at
the
bottom
of
the
Windows
desktop
and
displays
the
 programs
that
are
currently
running.

 When
a
program
is
minimized,
it
will
appear
in
the
taskbar
as
a
button.
 Simply
click
the
button
to
reopen
the
program
window.
 
 System
Tray:
located
in
the
bottom
right
corner
of
the
screen,
along
with
 the
computer’s
clock.
The
System
Tray
displays
many
of
the
programs
 that
are
running
in
the
background.


 
 
 
 9

  • 10. Start
Button:
Allows
users
to
access
their
computer
programs
and
files.
 Can
also
be
reached
by
pressing
the
Windows
key
on
the
keyboard
 
 10

  • 11. (located
on
either
side
of
the
spacebar)
 In
Windows
Vista,
the
Start
button
looks
like
this

 
 
 • Programs:
lists
all
of
the
programs
available
on
 your
computer.
 • Documents:
shows
recently
opened
documents.
 • Settings:
shows
options
for
customizing
your
PC
 • Search:
locate
files
on
your
computer
 • Help
and
Support:
Microsoft’s
searchable
index
 of
Help
topics.
 • Shutdown:
Logoff
or
shutdown
the
computer
 safely.
 
 
 
 Placing
your
mouse
over
an
item
with
a
 black
arrow
to
the
right
will
open
a
menu
 with
more
options.
 
 
 Parts
of
a
window
 Title
bar
 
 11

  • 12. Command
 Menu
bar
 buttons
 Scroll
bar
 
 
 
 Minimize
will
remove
your
 
 program
from
view,
but
keep
it
 
 running.
You
will
not
lose
any
 
 work
by
minimizing
a
window.
 
 Maximize
will
expand
your
 
 Minimize
 window
to
fit
the
entire
screen
 
 Close
 Close
will
exit
out
of
the
 
 program.
You
will
lose
any
 Maximize
 
 unsaved
changes
to
your
work.

 
 
 12