Data Analysis and Statistics in Python using pandas and statsmodels

Statistics and Data Analysis in Python with pandas and statsmodels Wes McKinney @wesmckinn NYC Open Statistical Programming Meetup 9/14/2011Thursday, September 15,

Talk Overview • Statistical Computing Big Picture • Scientiﬁc Python Stack • pandas • statsmodels • Ideas for the (near) futureThursday, September 15,

Who am I? MIT Math AQR: Quant Finance Back to NYC StatisticsThursday, September 15,

The Big Picture • Building the “next generation” statistical computing environment • Making data analysis / statistics more intuitive, ﬂexible, powerful • Closing the “research-production” gapThursday, September 15,

Application areas • General data munging, manipulation • Financial modeling and analytics • Statistical modeling and econometrics • “Enterprise” / “Big Data” analytics?Thursday, September 15,

R, the solution? Hadley Wickham (ggplot2, plyr, reshape, ...) “R is the most powerful statistical computing language on the planet”Thursday, September 15,

Easy to miss the pointThursday, September 15,

R, the solution? Ross Ihaka (One of creators of R) “I have been worried for some time that R isn’t going to provide the base that we’re going to need for statistical computation in the future. (It may well be that the future is already upon us.) ... I have come to the conclusion that rather than ‘ﬁxing’ R, it would be much more productive to simply start over and build something better”Thursday, September 15,

Some of my gripes about R • Wonky, highly idiosyncratic programming language* • Poor speed and memory usage • General purpose libraries and software development tools lacking • The GPL * But yes, really great librariesThursday, September 15,

R: great libraries and deep connections to academia Example R superstars Jeff Ryan Hadley Wickham xts, quantmod ggplot2, plyr, reshapeThursday, September 15,

Uniting against common enemiesThursday, September 15,

“Research-Production” Gap • Best data analysis / statistics tools: often least well-suited for building production systems • The “Black Box”: embedding or RPC • High productivity <=> Low productivityThursday, September 15,

“Research-Production” Gap • Production: much more than crunching data and making pretty plots • Code readability, debuggability, maintainability matter a lot in the long run • Integration with other systemsThursday, September 15,

“Research-Production” GapThursday, September 15,

Thursday, September 15,

My assertion Python is the best (only?) viable solution to the Research-Production gapThursday, September 15,

Scientiﬁc Python Stack • Incredible growth in libraries and tools over the last 5 years • NumPy: the cornerstone • Killer app: IPython • Cython: C speedups, 80+% less dev time • Other exciting high-proﬁle projects: scikit- learn, theano, sympyThursday, September 15,

Uniting the Python Community • Fragmentation is a (big) problem / risk • Statistical libraries need to be able to talk to each other easily • R’s success: S-Plus legacy + quality CRAN packages built around cohesive base R / data structuresThursday, September 15,

pandas • Foundational rich data structures and data analysis tools • Arrays with labeled axes and support for heterogeneous data • Similar to R data.frame, but with many more built-in features • Missing data, time series supportThursday, September 15,

pandas • Milestone: 0.4 release 9/12/2011 • Dozens of new features and enhancements • Completely rewritten docs: pandas.sf.net • Many more new features planned for the futureThursday, September 15,

The sleeping dragonThursday, September 15,

Little did I know...Thursday, September 15,

pandas: some key features • Automatic and explicit data alignment • Label-based (inc hierarchical) indexing • GroupBy, pivoting, and reshaping • Missing data support • Time series functionalityThursday, September 15,

Demo timeThursday, September 15,

statsmodels • Statistics and econometrics in Python • Focused on estimation of statistical models • Regression models (GLS, Robust LM, ...) • Time series models (AR/ARMA,VAR, Kalman Filter, ...) • Non-parametric models (e.g. KDE)Thursday, September 15,

statsmodels • Development has been largely focused on computation • Correct, tested results • In progress: better user interface • Formula frameworks (e.g. similar to R) • pandas integrationThursday, September 15,

Demo timeThursday, September 15,

Ideas for the future • ggpy: ggplot2 for Python • Statistical Python Distribution / Umbrella project • Interactive GUI widgets to visualize / explore data and statsmodels resultsThursday, September 15,

Thanks • pandas: http://pandas.sf.net • statsmodels: http://statsmodels.sf.net • Twitter: @wesmckinn • E-mail: wesmckinn (at) gmail (dot) com • Blog: http://blog.wesmckinney.comThursday, September 15,

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Data Analysis and Statistics in Python using pandas and statsmodels

by wesm on Sep 15, 2011

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