Zend Framework Tutorial

Zend Framework Tutorial Matthew Weier O'Phinney Project Lead Zend Framework CodeWorks 2009 28 Sep – 4 Oct 2009 ATL, Miami, DC, NYC

About me:
ZF Contributor since January 2006
Assigned to the ZF team in July 2007
Promoted to Software Architect in April 2008
Project Lead since April 2009
Photo © 2009, Chris Shiflett

What we'll cover

What is Zend Framework?
Getting and Installing Zend Framework
Utilities and Patterns used throughout ZF
Using ZF's MVC layer: Hands-on demonstration: Pastebin

What is Zend Framework?

Full Stack Framework?

Component Library?

Getting and Installing Zend Framework

Always found at: http://framework.zend.com /download/latest

CDN Links are at top

Direct Links are below

Use CLI: % tar xzf ZendFramework-1.9.2-minimal.tar.gz % unzip ZendFramework-1.9.2-minimal.zip
Or use a GUI file manager
Unzip/Untar

Add to your include_path ; UNIX: "/path1:/path2" include_path = ".:/home/matthew/zf/library"

Add to your include_path # Goes in either a <VirtualHost>, # <Directory> or .htaccess: php_value include_path ".:/home/matthew/zf/library"

Add to your include_path <?php set_include_path( implode (PATH_SEPARATOR, array ( '.' , '/home/matthew/zf/library' , get_include_path(), )));

Utilities and Patterns Used throughout Zend Framework

The Autoloader

Class names have a 1:1 relationship with the FileSystem: Zend_Db => Zend/Db.php
The initial class prefix is called the “vendor” or “namespace” prefix: “Zend_”, “ZendX_”
Register either namespace prefixes or actual autoloader callbacks with the ZF autoloader
Rules

Initialize the autoloader require_once 'Zend/Loader/Autoloader.php' ; Zend_Loader_Autoloader::getInstance();

Register namespaces $al = Zend_Loader_Autoloader::getInstance(); $al ->registerNamespace( 'Foo_' ); $al ->registerNamespace( array ( 'Foo_' , 'Bar_' ));

Register other autoloaders $al = Zend_Loader_Autoloader::getInstance(); $al ->registerNamespace( 'Doctrine' ); $al ->pushAutoloader( array ( 'Doctrine' , 'autoload' ), 'Doctrine_' );

Groups of resources with a common vendor prefix/namespace
No 1:1 mapping between class name and filename
Define arbitrary mappings, or use Zend_Application_Module_Autoloader for use with MVC modules
Resource Autoloaders

Create a resource autoloader // Initialize resource autoloader: $loader = new Zend_Loader_Autoloader_Resource( array ( 'namespace' => 'Foo' , 'basePath' => $path , )); // Map $path/forms/*.php to Foo_Form_*: $loader ->addResourceType( 'form' , 'forms' , 'Form' );

Create a module autoloader /* * Maps: * - forms/ -> Foo_Form_* * - models/ -> Foo_Model_* * - models/DbTable -> Foo_Model_DbTable_* * - plugins -> Foo_Plugin_* * - services -> Foo_Service_* * - views/helpers -> Foo_View_Helper_* * - views/filters -> Foo_View_Filter_* */ $loader = new Zend_Application_Module_Autoloader( array ( 'namespace' => 'Foo' , 'basePath' => dirname (__FILE__), ));

Plugins

For those times when 1:1 doesn't work (e.g., application code)
Standard pattern: “all code in this location shares the same class prefix” (aka PrefixPath)
Plugin loader is passed a “short name,” and attempts to resolve it to a known PrefixPath
Rules

Invoking plugins $element ->addValidator( 'NotEmpty' ) ->addValidator( 'Int' ) ->addValidator( 'Even' ) ->addValidator( 'Dozens' ); New, custom validators Custom validator overriding existing validator

Zend_Config

Zend Framework is configurationless, but often your applications are not
Many common configuration formats: XML, INI, PHP
Access to configuration values should not vary between backends
Configuration inheritance is useful
Why Zend_Config?

Sample INI config [production] app.name = "Foo!" db.adapter = "Pdo_Mysql" db.params.username = "foo" db.params.password = "bar" db.params.dbname = "foodb" db.params.host = "127.0.0.1" [testing : production] db.adapter = "Pdo_Sqlite" db.params.dbname = APPLICATION_PATH "/data/test.db"

Sample XML config <?xml version = "1.0" ?> <config> <production> <app><name> Foo! </name></app> <db> <adapter> Pdo_Mysql </adapter> <params username = "foo" password = "bar" dbname = "foodb" host = "127.0.0.1" /> </db> </production> <testing extends = "production" > <db> <adapter> Pdo_Sqlite </adapter> <params dbname = "/data/test.db" /> </db> </testing> </config>

Sample PHP config $production = include 'production.conf.php' ; $config = array ( 'db' => array ( 'adapter' => 'Pdo_Sqlite' , 'params' => array ( 'dbname' => APP_PATH . '/../data/test.db' , ), ) ); $config = $production + $config ; return $config ;

Instantiating a Config object // Load 'testing' section of INI configuration: $config = new Zend_Config_Ini( $fileName , 'testing' ); // Load 'testing' section of XML configuration: $config = new Zend_Config_Xml( $fileName , 'testing' ); // Load 'testing' configuration via PHP array: $config = include 'testing.conf.php' ; $config = new Zend_Config( $config );

Using Config objects // Multiple levels: $appName = $config ->app->name; // Using config object as argument $db = Zend_Db::factory( $config ->db);

Using Zend Framework's MVC Layer

Learn how to create a new ZF MVC project
Learn how to use various MVC components:
Zend_Application, Zend_Controller_Front, Zend_Controller_Action, Zend_Controller_Router, Zend_Db_Table, Zend_View, Action Helpers, View Helpers, Zend_Form, Zend_Layout, etc.
Learn concepts related to separation of concerns
Goals

Create “pastes” with optional expiry; allow listing pastes by username
Single table is ideal for demonstrating simple component interactions
Ask questions as you have them!
The Application: Pastebin

A Paste consists of:
code: content (required)
summary: (optional)
code_type: content type (required, default to plain text)
username: (optional)
timestamp: (required; created on commit)
expiry: (optional)
identifier: (required; a unique hash)
Pastebin Specification

Each paste will have a unique URL
Pastes may optionally expire, in which case they won't be displayed
Pastes may be listed by username
Pastebin Specification

Step 1: Create the project

In bin/zf.sh or bin/zf.bat of your ZF install (choose based on your OS)
Place bin/ in your path, or create an alias on your path: alias zf=/path/to/bin/zf.sh
Or use pear.zfcampus.org PEAR channel
Locate the zf utility

Create the project # Unix: % zf.sh create project quickstart # DOS/Windows: C:> zf.bat create project quickstart

Add ZF to the project # Symlink: % cd library; ln -s path/to/ZendFramework/library/Zend . # Copy: % cd library; cp -r path/to/ZendFramework/library/Zend .

Create a vhost <VirtualHost *: 80 > ServerAdmin you@atyour.tld DocumentRoot /abs/path/to/quickstart/public ServerName quickstart <Directory /abs/path/to/quickstart/public > DirectoryIndex index.php AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost>

Add a hosts entry 127.0.0.1 quickstart

Fire up your browser!

Looking under the hood

The bootstrap <?php class Bootstrap extends Zend_Application_Bootstrap_Bootstrap { }

Configuration [production] phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 0 phpSettings.display_errors = 0 includePaths.library = APPLICATION_PATH "/../library" bootstrap.path = APPLICATION_PATH "/Bootstrap.php" bootstrap.class = "Bootstrap" resources.frontController.controllerDirectory = APPLICATION_PATH "/controllers" [staging : production] [testing : production] phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 1 phpSettings.display_errors = 1 [development : production] phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 1 phpSettings.display_errors = 1

Index (default) controller <?php class IndexController extends Zend_Controller_Action { public function init() { /* Initialize action controller here */ } public function indexAction() { // action body } }

Error controller class ErrorController extends Zend_Controller_Action { public function errorAction() { $errors = $this ->_getParam( 'error_handler' ); switch ( $errors ->type) { case 'EXCEPTION_NO_CONTROLLER': case 'EXCEPTION_NO_ACTION': // 404 error -- controller or action not found $this ->getResponse()->setHttpResponseCode( 404 ); $this ->view->message = 'Page not found' ; break ; default: // application error $this ->getResponse()->setHttpResponseCode( 500 ); $this ->view->message = 'Application error' ; break ; } $this ->view->exception = $errors ->exception; $this ->view->request = $errors ->request; } }

Index view (home page) <center> <div id = "welcome" > <h1> Welcome to the Zend Framework! </h1> <h3> This is your project's main page </h3>  </div> </center>

Error view <h1>An error occurred</h1> <h2><?php echo $this ->message ?></h2> <?php if ( 'development' == APPLICATION_ENV): ?> <h3>Exception information:</h3> <p> <b>Message:</b> <?php echo $this ->exception->getMessage() ?> </p> <h3>Stack trace:</h3> <pre> <?php echo $this ->exception->getTraceAsString() ?> </pre> <h3>Request Parameters:</h3> <pre> <?php var_dump ( $this ->request->getParams()) ?> </pre> <?php endif ?>

.htaccess file SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -s [OR] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -l [OR] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d RewriteRule ^.*$ - [NC,L] RewriteRule ^.*$ index.php [NC,L]

index.php (environment) <?php // Define path to application directory defined ( 'APPLICATION_PATH' ) || define ( 'APPLICATION_PATH' , realpath ( dirname (__FILE__) . '/../application' )); // Define application environment defined ( 'APPLICATION_ENV' ) || define ( 'APPLICATION_ENV' , ( getenv ( 'APPLICATION_ENV' ) ? getenv ( 'APPLICATION_ENV' ) : 'production' )); // Ensure library/ is on include_path set_include_path( implode (PATH_SEPARATOR, array ( realpath (APPLICATION_PATH . '/../library' ), get_include_path(), )));

index.php (application) /** Zend_Application */ require_once 'Zend/Application.php' ; // Create application, bootstrap, and run $application = new Zend_Application( APPLICATION_ENV, APPLICATION_PATH . '/configs/application.ini' ); $application ->bootstrap() ->run();

Step 2: Create the model

Step 3: Create a form

Step 4: Create a controller

Step 5: Create new routes

Step 6: Create controller actions

Step 7: Create views

Step 8: Create a layout

Step 9: Update the default view

Step 10: Check it out!

Further Steps

Add Dojo handling for code highlighting
Add CSS for forms
Add CSS for errors
Add some layout specific styling and/or use dojo containers to improve layout
Add Navigation elements to provide a menu/breadcrumbs
Add caching (pastes may not be updated; cache forever)
Make it prettier

Summary or, “The fat guy sings”

What Zend Framework is
Some common utilities/patterns used (autoloading, plugins, configuration)
How to build a ZF MVC application
We looked at:

Questions? or, “Your turn!”

Thank you. http://framework.zend.com/ http://twitter.com/weierophinney http://slideshare.net/weierophinney Feedback? http://joind.in/talk/view/864

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Zend Framework Tutorial

by Matthew Weier O'Phinney

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