Zend Framework 2.0 Patterns Tutorial

In the beginning. . .

A Brief History of ZF ZF2 Patterns 3

Initial Announcements and Work• October 2005: Announced the project ZF2 Patterns 4

Initial Announcements and Work• October 2005: Announced the project• March 2006: First public preview release, 0.1.0 ZF2 Patterns 4

Initial Announcements and Work• October 2005: Announced the project• March 2006: First public preview release, 0.1.0• Fall 2006: Rewrite of the MVC ZF2 Patterns 4

1.0.0 - July 2007• First stable release• Basic MVC system, with plugins, action helpers, automated view rendering etc. ZF2 Patterns 5

1.0.0 - July 2007• First stable release• Basic MVC system, with plugins, action helpers, automated view rendering etc.• Many web service API consumers ZF2 Patterns 5

1.0.0 - July 2007• First stable release• Basic MVC system, with plugins, action helpers, automated view rendering etc.• Many web service API consumers• Server classes for XML-RPC, REST ZF2 Patterns 5

1.5.0 - March 2008• First minor release ZF2 Patterns 6

1.5.0 - March 2008• First minor release• Zend_Form introduced ZF2 Patterns 6

1.5.0 - March 2008• First minor release• Zend_Form introduced• Zend_Layout introduced ZF2 Patterns 6

1.5.0 - March 2008• First minor release• Zend_Form introduced• Zend_Layout introduced• Layout-aware view helper system introduced ZF2 Patterns 6

1.6.0 - September 2008• Dojo integration ZF2 Patterns 7

1.6.0 - September 2008• Dojo integration• PHPUnit scaffolding for testing controllers ZF2 Patterns 7

1.6.0 - September 2008• Dojo integration• PHPUnit scaffolding for testing controllers• Introduction of the ContextSwitch action helper ZF2 Patterns 7

1.7.0 - November 2008• AMF support ZF2 Patterns 8

1.7.0 - November 2008• AMF support• Performance improvements ZF2 Patterns 8

1.8.0 - April 2009• Introduction of Zend_Tool ZF2 Patterns 9

1.8.0 - April 2009• Introduction of Zend_Tool• Introduction of Zend_Application ZF2 Patterns 9

1.8.0 - April 2009• Introduction of Zend_Tool• Introduction of Zend_Application• First widely usable release of ZF ZF2 Patterns 9

1.9.0 - August 2009• Addition of Zend_Feed_Reader ZF2 Patterns 10

1.9.0 - August 2009• Addition of Zend_Feed_Reader• PHP 5.3 support/compatibility ZF2 Patterns 10

1.9.0 - August 2009• Addition of Zend_Feed_Reader• PHP 5.3 support/compatibility• Primarily community-led additions ZF2 Patterns 10

1.9.0 - August 2009• Addition of Zend_Feed_Reader• PHP 5.3 support/compatibility• Primarily community-led additions• Beginning of monthly bug hunts in October ZF2 Patterns 10

1.10.0 - January 2010• Integration of ControllerTestCase with Zend_Application ZF2 Patterns 11

1.10.0 - January 2010• Integration of ControllerTestCase with Zend_Application• Addition of Zend_Feed_Writer, marking completion of Zend_Feed refactoring ZF2 Patterns 11

1.10.0 - January 2010• Integration of ControllerTestCase with Zend_Application• Addition of Zend_Feed_Writer, marking completion of Zend_Feed refactoring• Documentation changes: adoption of PhD to render end-user manual, introduction of comment system, and new “Learning Zend Framework section” ZF2 Patterns 11

1.10.0 - January 2010• Integration of ControllerTestCase with Zend_Application• Addition of Zend_Feed_Writer, marking completion of Zend_Feed refactoring• Documentation changes: adoption of PhD to render end-user manual, introduction of comment system, and new “Learning Zend Framework section”• Primarily community-led additions ZF2 Patterns 11

1.11.0 November 2010• Mobile support via Zend_Http_UserAgent ZF2 Patterns 12

1.11.0 November 2010• Mobile support via Zend_Http_UserAgent• SimpleCloud API via Zend_Cloud ZF2 Patterns 12

Where do we go from here?

Zend Framework 2.0’s focusis on improving consistency and performance

Incremental Improvements

Baby steps• Convert code from vendor preﬁxes (e.g. “Zend_Foo”) to PHP 5.3 namespaces ZF2 Patterns 18

Baby steps• Convert code from vendor preﬁxes (e.g. “Zend_Foo”) to PHP 5.3 namespaces• Refactor exceptions ZF2 Patterns 18

Baby steps• Convert code from vendor preﬁxes (e.g. “Zend_Foo”) to PHP 5.3 namespaces• Refactor exceptions• Switch ZF to be autoload-only ZF2 Patterns 18

Baby steps• Convert code from vendor preﬁxes (e.g. “Zend_Foo”) to PHP 5.3 namespaces• Refactor exceptions• Switch ZF to be autoload-only• Improve and standardize the plugin system ZF2 Patterns 18

Namespaces

The Problem• Lengthy class names • Difﬁcult to refactor ZF2 Patterns 21

The Problem• Lengthy class names • Difﬁcult to refactor • Difﬁcult to retain semantics with shorter names ZF2 Patterns 21

Basics• Every class ﬁle declares a namespace ZF2 Patterns 22

Basics• Every class ﬁle declares a namespace• One namespace per ﬁle ZF2 Patterns 22

Basics• Every class ﬁle declares a namespace• One namespace per ﬁle• Any class used that is not in the current namespace (or a subnamespace) is imported and typically aliased ZF2 Patterns 22

Basics• Every class ﬁle declares a namespace• One namespace per ﬁle• Any class used that is not in the current namespace (or a subnamespace) is imported and typically aliased• Global resolution is discouraged, except in the case of classes referenced in strings ZF2 Patterns 22

Namespace Example namespace ZendEventManager; use ZendStdlibCallbackHandler; class EventManager implements EventCollection { /* ... */ } ZF2 Patterns 23

Using Aliases namespace ZendMvc; use ZendStdlibDispatchable, ZendDiServiceLocator as Locator; class FrontController implements Dispatchable { public function __construct(Locator $locator) { $this->serviceLocator = $locator; } } ZF2 Patterns 24

Recommendation for Migration Use imports instead of require_once calls in your code! ZF2 Patterns 25

Importing ZF1 Classes use Zend_Controller_Action as Controller; class FooController extends Controller {} // Later, this might become: use ZendControllerAction as Controller; class FooController extends Controller {} ZF2 Patterns 26

Naming• All code in the project is in the “Zend” namespace ZF2 Patterns 27

Naming• All code in the project is in the “Zend” namespace• Each component deﬁnes a unique namespace ZF2 Patterns 27

Naming• All code in the project is in the “Zend” namespace• Each component deﬁnes a unique namespace• Classes within a component all live in that namespace or a subnamespace ZF2 Patterns 27

Naming• All code in the project is in the “Zend” namespace• Each component deﬁnes a unique namespace• Classes within a component all live in that namespace or a subnamespace• Typically, a class named after the component is the gateway class ZF2 Patterns 27

Naming Examples Zend/EventManager |-- EventCollection.php ‘-- EventManager.php ZF2 Patterns 28

Naming Examples Zend/EventManager namespace ZendEventManager; |-- EventCollection.php class EventManager implements ‘-- EventManager.php EventCollection { } ZF2 Patterns 28

Interfaces• Interfaces are named after nouns or adjectives, and describe what they provide ZF2 Patterns 29

Interfaces• Interfaces are named after nouns or adjectives, and describe what they provide• In most cases, concrete implementations of interfaces live in a subnamespace named after the interface ZF2 Patterns 29

Interfaces• Interfaces are named after nouns or adjectives, and describe what they provide• In most cases, concrete implementations of interfaces live in a subnamespace named after the interface• More solid Contract-Oriented paradigm ZF2 Patterns 29

Interface Examples Zend/Session |-- Storage.php ‘-- Storage |-- ArrayStorage.php ‘-- SessionStorage.php ZF2 Patterns 30

Interface Examples Zend/Session namespace ZendSession; |-- Storage.php ‘-- Storage use Traversable, ArrayAccess, |-- ArrayStorage.php Serializable, Countable; ‘-- SessionStorage.php interface Storage extends Traversable, ArrayAccess, Serializable, Countable { /* ... */ } ZF2 Patterns 30

Concrete Implementation namespace ZendSessionStorage; use ArrayObject, ZendSessionStorage, ZendSessionException; class ArrayStorage extends ArrayObject implements Storage { /* ... */ } ZF2 Patterns 31

Exceptions

The Problem• All exceptions derived from a common class ZF2 Patterns 33

The Problem• All exceptions derived from a common class• Inability to extend semantic exception types offered in the SPL ZF2 Patterns 33

The Problem• All exceptions derived from a common class• Inability to extend semantic exception types offered in the SPL• Limited catching strategies ZF2 Patterns 33

The Problem• All exceptions derived from a common class• Inability to extend semantic exception types offered in the SPL• Limited catching strategies• Hard dependency for each and every component ZF2 Patterns 33

ZF2 Approach• We eliminated Zend_Exception entirely ZF2 Patterns 34

ZF2 Approach• We eliminated Zend_Exception entirely• Each component deﬁnes a marker Exception interface ZF2 Patterns 34

ZF2 Approach• We eliminated Zend_Exception entirely• Each component deﬁnes a marker Exception interface• Concrete exceptions live in an Exception subnamespace, and extend SPL exceptions ZF2 Patterns 34

What the solution provides• Catch speciﬁc exception types ZF2 Patterns 35

What the solution provides• Catch speciﬁc exception types• Catch SPL exception types ZF2 Patterns 35

What the solution provides• Catch speciﬁc exception types• Catch SPL exception types• Catch component-level exceptions ZF2 Patterns 35

What the solution provides• Catch speciﬁc exception types• Catch SPL exception types• Catch component-level exceptions• Catch based on global exception type ZF2 Patterns 35

Exception Deﬁnitions Zend/EventManager |-- Exception.php ‘-- Exception ‘-- InvalidArgumentException.php ZF2 Patterns 36

Exception Deﬁnitions Zend/EventManager namespace ZendEventManager; |-- Exception.php ‘-- Exception interface Exception {} ‘-- InvalidArgumentException.php ZF2 Patterns 36

Exception Deﬁnitions Zend/EventManager namespace ZendEventManager; |-- Exception.php ‘-- Exception interface Exception {} ‘-- InvalidArgumentException.php namespace ZendEventManagerException; use ZendEventManagerException; class InvalidArgumentException extends InvalidArgumentException implements Exception {} ZF2 Patterns 36

Catching Exceptions namespace ZendEventManagerException; use ZendEventManagerException; try { $events->trigger(’foo.bar’, $object); } catch (InvalidArgumentException $e) { } catch (Exception $e) { } catch (InvalidArgumentException $e) { } catch (Exception $e) { } ZF2 Patterns 37

Autoloading

The Problem• Performance issues • Many classes are used JIT, and shouldn’t be loaded until needed ZF2 Patterns 39

The Problem• Performance issues • Many classes are used JIT, and shouldn’t be loaded until needed• Missing require_once calls lead to errors ZF2 Patterns 39

ZF2 Approach• No more require_once calls! ZF2 Patterns 40

ZF2 Approach• No more require_once calls!• Deliver multiple autoloading approaches • ZF1-style include_path autoloader • Per- namespace/vendor preﬁx autoloading • Class-Map autoloading ZF2 Patterns 40

ZF1-Style Autoloading require_once ’Zend/Loader/StandardAutoloader.php’; $loader = new ZendLoaderStandardAutoloader(array( ’fallback_autoloader’ => true, )); $loader->register(); ZF2 Patterns 41

ZF2 NS/Preﬁx Autoloading require_once ’Zend/Loader/StandardAutoloader.php’; $loader = new ZendLoaderStandardAutoloader(); $loader->registerNamespace(’My’, __DIR__ . ’/../library/My’) ->registerPrefix(’Phly_’, __DIR__ . ’/../library/Phly’); $loader->register(); ZF2 Patterns 42

Class-Map Autoloading return array( ’MyFooBar’ => __DIR__ . ’/Foo/Bar.php’, ); ZF2 Patterns 43

Class-Map Autoloading return array( ’MyFooBar’ => __DIR__ . ’/Foo/Bar.php’, ); require_once ’Zend/Loader/ClassMapAutoloader.php’; $loader = new ZendLoaderClassMapAutoloader(); $loader->registerAutoloadMap(__DIR__ . ’/../library/.classmap.php’); $loader->register(); ZF2 Patterns 43

Class-Maps? Won’t those require work?• Yes, they will. But we already have a tool, bin/classmap_generator.php. ZF2 Patterns 44

Class-Maps? Won’t those require work?• Yes, they will. But we already have a tool, bin/classmap_generator.php.• Usage is trivial: prompt> cd your/library prompt> php /path/to/classmap_generator.php -w # Class-Map now exists in .classmap.php ZF2 Patterns 44

Why?• Class-Maps show a 25% improvement on the ZF1 autoloader when no acceleration is present ZF2 Patterns 45

Why?• Class-Maps show a 25% improvement on the ZF1 autoloader when no acceleration is present • and 60-85% improvements when an opcode cache is in place! ZF2 Patterns 45

Why?• Class-Maps show a 25% improvement on the ZF1 autoloader when no acceleration is present • and 60-85% improvements when an opcode cache is in place!• Pairing namespaces/preﬁxes with speciﬁc paths shows >10% gains with no acceleration ZF2 Patterns 45

Why?• Class-Maps show a 25% improvement on the ZF1 autoloader when no acceleration is present • and 60-85% improvements when an opcode cache is in place!• Pairing namespaces/preﬁxes with speciﬁc paths shows >10% gains with no acceleration • and 40% improvements when an opcode cache is in place! ZF2 Patterns 45

Autoloader Factory• With multiple strategies comes the need for a factory ZF2 Patterns 46

Autoloader Factory• With multiple strategies comes the need for a factory• Choose several strategies ZF2 Patterns 46

Autoloader Factory• With multiple strategies comes the need for a factory• Choose several strategies • Class-Map for fastest lookup ZF2 Patterns 46

Autoloader Factory• With multiple strategies comes the need for a factory• Choose several strategies • Class-Map for fastest lookup • Namespace/preﬁx paths for common code ZF2 Patterns 46

Autoloader Factory• With multiple strategies comes the need for a factory• Choose several strategies • Class-Map for fastest lookup • Namespace/preﬁx paths for common code • ZF1/PSR0-style fallback autoloader for development ZF2 Patterns 46

Autoloader Factory Example require_once ’Zend/Loader/AutoloaderFactory.php’; use ZendLoaderAutoloaderFactory; AutoloaderFactory::factory(array( ’ZendLoaderClassMapAutoloader’ => array( __DIR__ . ’/../library/.classmap.php’, __DIR__ . ’/../application/.classmap.php’, ), ’ZendLoaderStandardAutoloader’ => array( ’namespaces’ => array( ’Zend’ => __DIR__ . ’/../library/Zend’, ), ’fallback_autoloader’ => true, ), )); ZF2 Patterns 47

Start Migrating You can use the ZF2 autoloaders and class-map generation facilities today; start migrating now! ZF2 Patterns 48

Plugin Loading

Terminology• For our purposes, a “plugin” is any class that is determined at runtime. ZF2 Patterns 50

Terminology• For our purposes, a “plugin” is any class that is determined at runtime. • Action and view helpers • Adapters • Filters and validators ZF2 Patterns 50

The Problem• Varying approaches to dynamically discovering plugin classes ZF2 Patterns 51

The Problem• Varying approaches to dynamically discovering plugin classes • Paths relative to the calling class • Preﬁx-path stacks (most common) • Setters to indicate classes ZF2 Patterns 51

The Problem• Varying approaches to dynamically discovering plugin classes • Paths relative to the calling class • Preﬁx-path stacks (most common) • Setters to indicate classes• Most common approach is terrible ZF2 Patterns 51

The Problem• Varying approaches to dynamically discovering plugin classes • Paths relative to the calling class • Preﬁx-path stacks (most common) • Setters to indicate classes• Most common approach is terrible • Bad performance • Hard to debug • No caching of discovered plugins ZF2 Patterns 51

ZF2 Approach: Plugin Broker• Separate Plugin Location interface • Allows varying implementation of plugin lookup ZF2 Patterns 52

ZF2 Approach: Plugin Broker• Separate Plugin Location interface • Allows varying implementation of plugin lookup• Separate Plugin Broker interface • Composes a Plugin Locator ZF2 Patterns 52

Plugin Locator Interface namespace ZendLoader; interface ShortNameLocator { public function isLoaded($name); public function getClassName($name); public function load($name); } ZF2 Patterns 53

Plugin broker interface namespace ZendLoader; interface Broker { public function load($plugin, array $options = null); public function getPlugins(); public function isLoaded($name); public function register($name, $plugin); public function unregister($name); public function setClassLoader(ShortNameLocator $loader); public function getClassLoader(); } ZF2 Patterns 54

How do I use it?• Create a default plugin loader ZF2 Patterns 55

How do I use it?• Create a default plugin loader• Create a default plugin broker ZF2 Patterns 55

How do I use it?• Create a default plugin loader• Create a default plugin broker• Compose a broker into your class ZF2 Patterns 55

How do I use it?• Create a default plugin loader• Create a default plugin broker• Compose a broker into your class• Optionally, deﬁne static conﬁguration ZF2 Patterns 55

How do I use it?• Create a default plugin loader• Create a default plugin broker• Compose a broker into your class• Optionally, define static configuration• Optionally, pass broker and loader configuration ZF2 Patterns 55

How do I use it?• Create a default plugin loader• Create a default plugin broker• Compose a broker into your class• Optionally, define static configuration• Optionally, pass broker and loader configuration• Optionally, register plugins with locator and/or broker ZF2 Patterns 55

Plugin Locator Implementation namespace ZendView; use ZendLoaderPluginClassLoader; class HelperLoader extends PluginClassLoader { /** * @var array Pre-aliased view helpers */ protected $plugins = array( ’action’ => ’ZendViewHelperAction’, ’base_url’ => ’ZendViewHelperBaseUrl’, /* ... */ ); } ZF2 Patterns 56

Plugin broker implementation class HelperBroker extends PluginBroker protected $defaultClassLoader = ’ZendViewHelperLoader’; public function load($plugin, array $options = null) { $helper = parent::load($plugin, $options); if (null !== ($view = $this->getView())) { $helper->setView($view); } return $helper; } protected function validatePlugin($plugin) { if (! $plugin instanceof Helper) { throw new InvalidHelperException(); } return true; } } ZF2 Patterns 57

Composing a broker use ZendViewHelperLoader; class Foo { protected $broker; public function broker($spec = null, array $options = array()) { if ($spec instanceof Broker) { $this->broker = $spec; return $spec; } elseif (null === $this->broker) { $this->broker = new PluginBroker(); } if (null === $spec) { return $this->broker; } elseif (!is_string($spec)) { throw new Exception(); } return $this->broker->load($spec, $options); } } ZF2 Patterns 58

Locator Precedence(From least specific to most specific)• Map defined in concrete plugin loader ZF2 Patterns 59

Locator Precedence(From least specific to most specific)• Map defined in concrete plugin loader• Static maps (latest registration having precedence) ZF2 Patterns 59

Locator Precedence(From least specific to most specific)• Map defined in concrete plugin loader• Static maps (latest registration having precedence)• Mapping passed via instantiation ZF2 Patterns 59

Locator Precedence(From least specific to most specific)• Map defined in concrete plugin loader• Static maps (latest registration having precedence)• Mapping passed via instantiation• Explicit mapping provided programmatically ZF2 Patterns 59

Deﬁning static maps use ZendViewHelperLoader; HelperLoader::addStaticMap(array( ’url’ => ’MyHelperUrl’, ’base_url’ => ’ProjectHelperBaseUrl’, )); $loader = new HelperLoader(); $class = $loader->load(’url’); // "MyHelperUrl" ZF2 Patterns 60

Passing maps via conﬁguration use ZendViewHelperLoader; $config = array( ’url’ => ’MyHelperUrl’, ’base_url’ => ’ProjectHelperBaseUrl’, ); $loader = new HelperLoader($config); $class = $loader->load(’url’); // "MyHelperUrl" ZF2 Patterns 61

Passing maps to maps! use ZendViewHelperLoader, ZendLoaderPluginClassLoader; class HelperMap extends PluginClassLoader { protected $plugins = array( ’url’ => ’MyHelperUrl’, ’base_url’ => ’ProjectHelperBaseUrl’, ); } $helpers = new HelperMap(); $loader = new HelperLoader($helpers); $class = $loader->load(’url’); // "MyHelperUrl" ZF2 Patterns 62

Extending loaders use ZendViewHelperLoader; class HelperMap extends HelperLoader { public function __construct($options = null) { // Addes to and/or overrides map in HelperLoader $this->registerPlugins(array( ’url’ => ’MyHelperUrl’, ’base_url’ => ’ProjectHelperBaseUrl’, )); parent::__construct($options); } } $helpers = new HelperMap(); $class = $loader->load(’url’); // "MyHelperUrl" ZF2 Patterns 63

Passing maps via broker use ZendViewHelperBroker; $broker = new HelperBroker(array( ’class_loader’ => array( ’class’ => ’HelperMap’, ’options’ => array( ’base_url’ => ’AppHelperBaseUrl’, ), ), )); $plugin = $broker->load(’base_url’); // "AppHelperBaseUrl" ZF2 Patterns 64

Creating maps manually use ZendViewHelperLoader; $loader = new HelperLoader(); $loader->registerPlugin(’url’, ’MyHelperUrl’) ->registerPlugins(array( ’base_url’ => ’ProjectHelperBaseUrl’, )); $class = $loader->load(’url’); // "MyHelperUrl" ZF2 Patterns 65

Managing plugins via a broker• By default, it consults the loader for a classname, and instantiates that class with the given arguments ZF2 Patterns 66

Managing plugins via a broker• By default, it consults the loader for a classname, and instantiates that class with the given arguments• Optionally, you can also seed the broker, manually registering plugin objects under a given name ZF2 Patterns 66

Registering a plugin with the broker use MyHelperUrl; // Assumes: // - $request == Request object // - $router == Router object // - $broker == HelperBroker $url = new Url($request, $router); $broker->registerPlugin(’url’, $url); // OR: $broker->registerPlugins(array( ’url’ => $url, )); $url = $broker->load(’url’); // === $url from above ZF2 Patterns 67

What about lazy-loading?• Often you need to conﬁgure plugins ZF2 Patterns 68

What about lazy-loading?• Often you need to conﬁgure plugins• But you don’t want an instance hanging around until it’s actually requested ZF2 Patterns 68

What about lazy-loading?• Often you need to conﬁgure plugins• But you don’t want an instance hanging around until it’s actually requested• Enter the ZendLoaderLazyLoadingBroker ZF2 Patterns 68

LazyLoadingBroker Interface namespace ZendLoader; interface LazyLoadingBroker extends Broker { public function registerSpec($name, array $spec = null); public function registerSpecs($specs); public function unregisterSpec($name); public function getRegisteredPlugins(); public function hasPlugin($name); } ZF2 Patterns 69

Using the LazyLoadingBroker• Register “specs” with the broker ZF2 Patterns 70

Using the LazyLoadingBroker• Register “specs” with the broker• When that plugin is requested, the provided options will be used unless new options are provided ZF2 Patterns 70

Using the LazyLoadingBroker• Register “specs” with the broker• When that plugin is requested, the provided options will be used unless new options are provided• In all other ways, it behaves like other brokers, including allowing explicit registration of plugins ZF2 Patterns 70

LazyLoadingBroker Usage $broker->registerSpec(’url’, array($request, $router)); $broker->registerSpecs(array( ’url’ => array($request, $router), )); if (!$broker->hasPlugin(’url’)) { // no spec! } $plugins = $broker->getRegisteredPlugins(); // array(’url’) $url = $broker->load(’url’); // With $request, $router injected ZF2 Patterns 71

LazyLoadingBroker Usage Via Conﬁguration use ZendViewHelperBroker; $config = array( ’specs’ => array( ’url’ => array($request, $rourter), ), ); $broker = new HelperBroker($config); $url = $broker->load(’url’); // With $request, $router injected ZF2 Patterns 72

New Components

New Components• ZendEventManager• ZendDi ZF2 Patterns 75

The EventManager

The Problem• How do we introduce logging/debug points in framework code? ZF2 Patterns 77

The Problem• How do we introduce logging/debug points in framework code?• How do we allow users to introduce caching without needing to extend framework code? ZF2 Patterns 77

The Problem• How do we introduce logging/debug points in framework code?• How do we allow users to introduce caching without needing to extend framework code?• How do we allow users to introduce validation, ﬁltering, ACL checks, etc., without needing to extend framework code? ZF2 Patterns 77

The Problem• How do we introduce logging/debug points in framework code?• How do we allow users to introduce caching without needing to extend framework code?• How do we allow users to introduce validation, ﬁltering, ACL checks, etc., without needing to extend framework code?• How do we allow users to manipulate the order in which plugins, intercepting ﬁlters, events, etc., trigger? ZF2 Patterns 77

The Problem• How do we introduce logging/debug points in framework code?• How do we allow users to introduce caching without needing to extend framework code?• How do we allow users to introduce validation, filtering, ACL checks, etc., without needing to extend framework code?• How do we allow users to manipulate the order in which plugins, intercepting filters, events, etc., trigger?• How can we provide tools for userland code to benefit from the above? ZF2 Patterns 77

Solution: Aspect Oriented Programming• Code deﬁnes various “aspects” that may be interesting to observe and/or attach to from a consumer ZF2 Patterns 78

Solution: Aspect Oriented Programming• Code deﬁnes various “aspects” that may be interesting to observe and/or attach to from a consumer• Basically, all of the solutions we’ll look at can be used to implement AOP in a code base. ZF2 Patterns 78

Requirements• Reasonably easy to understand design ZF2 Patterns 79

Requirements• Reasonably easy to understand design• Allow static or per-instance attachment of handlers, preferably both ZF2 Patterns 79

Requirements• Reasonably easy to understand design• Allow static or per-instance attachment of handlers, preferably both • Preferably while retaining non-global state or allowing overriding ZF2 Patterns 79

Requirements• Reasonably easy to understand design• Allow static or per-instance attachment of handlers, preferably both • Preferably while retaining non-global state or allowing overriding• Allow interruption of execution ZF2 Patterns 79

Requirements• Reasonably easy to understand design• Allow static or per-instance attachment of handlers, preferably both • Preferably while retaining non-global state or allowing overriding• Allow interruption of execution• Allow prioritization of handlers ZF2 Patterns 79

Requirements• Reasonably easy to understand design• Allow static or per-instance attachment of handlers, preferably both • Preferably while retaining non-global state or allowing overriding• Allow interruption of execution• Allow prioritization of handlers• Predictability of arguments passed to handlers ZF2 Patterns 79

Requirements• Reasonably easy to understand design• Allow static or per-instance attachment of handlers, preferably both • Preferably while retaining non-global state or allowing overriding• Allow interruption of execution• Allow prioritization of handlers• Predictability of arguments passed to handlers• Ability to attach to many event-emitting components at once ZF2 Patterns 79

Solution: Subject-Observer• Pros • Simple to understand ZF2 Patterns 80

Solution: Subject-Observer• Pros • Simple to understand • SPL interfaces are well-known (but limited) ZF2 Patterns 80

Solution: Subject-Observer• Pros • Simple to understand • SPL interfaces are well-known (but limited)• Cons • Typically, cannot interrupt execution of remaining observers ZF2 Patterns 80

Solution: Subject-Observer• Pros • Simple to understand • SPL interfaces are well-known (but limited)• Cons • Typically, cannot interrupt execution of remaining observers • Requires a system for each component and/or class ZF2 Patterns 80

Solution: Subject-Observer• Pros • Simple to understand • SPL interfaces are well-known (but limited)• Cons • Typically, cannot interrupt execution of remaining observers • Requires a system for each component and/or class • Typically, no ability to prioritize handlers ZF2 Patterns 80

Solution: PubSub/Events• Pros • Subscribe to arbitrary notices ZF2 Patterns 81

Solution: PubSub/Events• Pros • Subscribe to arbitrary notices • Typically per-component + global usage; in many languages, a single, global aggregator ZF2 Patterns 81

Solution: PubSub/Events• Pros • Subscribe to arbitrary notices • Typically per-component + global usage; in many languages, a single, global aggregator • Well-known paradigm in UI programming (think: JavaScript) ZF2 Patterns 81

Solution: PubSub/Events• Pros • Subscribe to arbitrary notices • Typically per-component + global usage; in many languages, a single, global aggregator • Well-known paradigm in UI programming (think: JavaScript) • Tends to be Turing complete ZF2 Patterns 81

Solution: PubSub/Events• Pros • Subscribe to arbitrary notices • Typically per-component + global usage; in many languages, a single, global aggregator • Well-known paradigm in UI programming (think: JavaScript) • Tends to be Turing complete• Cons • Often, need to test the Event provided to ensure you can handle it ZF2 Patterns 81

Solution: PubSub/Events• Pros • Subscribe to arbitrary notices • Typically per-component + global usage; in many languages, a single, global aggregator • Well-known paradigm in UI programming (think: JavaScript) • Tends to be Turing complete• Cons • Often, need to test the Event provided to ensure you can handle it • Global usage means static aggregation and/or static dependencies ZF2 Patterns 81

Solution: PubSub/Events• Pros • Subscribe to arbitrary notices • Typically per-component + global usage; in many languages, a single, global aggregator • Well-known paradigm in UI programming (think: JavaScript) • Tends to be Turing complete• Cons • Often, need to test the Event provided to ensure you can handle it • Global usage means static aggregation and/or static dependencies • . . . but per-component means boiler-plate to compose in each class using it ZF2 Patterns 81

Solution: PubSub/Events• Pros • Subscribe to arbitrary notices • Typically per-component + global usage; in many languages, a single, global aggregator • Well-known paradigm in UI programming (think: JavaScript) • Tends to be Turing complete• Cons • Often, need to test the Event provided to ensure you can handle it • Global usage means static aggregation and/or static dependencies • . . . but per-component means boiler-plate to compose in each class using it • Typically, no ability to prioritize handlers ZF2 Patterns 81

Solution: PubSub/Events• Pros • Subscribe to arbitrary notices • Typically per-component + global usage; in many languages, a single, global aggregator • Well-known paradigm in UI programming (think: JavaScript) • Tends to be Turing complete• Cons • Often, need to test the Event provided to ensure you can handle it • Global usage means static aggregation and/or static dependencies • . . . but per-component means boiler-plate to compose in each class using it • Typically, no ability to prioritize handlers• more on this later. . . ZF2 Patterns 81

Solution: SignalSlots• Pros • Well-known in computer science circles ZF2 Patterns 82

Solution: SignalSlots• Pros • Well-known in computer science circles • Code emits signals, which are intercepted by slots (aka handlers) ZF2 Patterns 82

Solution: SignalSlots• Pros • Well-known in computer science circles • Code emits signals, which are intercepted by slots (aka handlers) • Typically, compose a signal manager into a class, but can integrate with a global manager as well ZF2 Patterns 82

Solution: SignalSlots• Pros • Well-known in computer science circles • Code emits signals, which are intercepted by slots (aka handlers) • Typically, compose a signal manager into a class, but can integrate with a global manager as well • Usually has some abilities for prioritizing handlers ZF2 Patterns 82

Solution: SignalSlots• Pros • Well-known in computer science circles • Code emits signals, which are intercepted by slots (aka handlers) • Typically, compose a signal manager into a class, but can integrate with a global manager as well • Usually has some abilities for prioritizing handlers• Cons • Verbiage is not well-known amongst PHP developers ZF2 Patterns 82

Solution: SignalSlots• Pros • Well-known in computer science circles • Code emits signals, which are intercepted by slots (aka handlers) • Typically, compose a signal manager into a class, but can integrate with a global manager as well • Usually has some abilities for prioritizing handlers• Cons • Verbiage is not well-known amongst PHP developers • Arguments will vary between signals ZF2 Patterns 82

Solution: SignalSlots• Pros • Well-known in computer science circles • Code emits signals, which are intercepted by slots (aka handlers) • Typically, compose a signal manager into a class, but can integrate with a global manager as well • Usually has some abilities for prioritizing handlers• Cons • Verbiage is not well-known amongst PHP developers • Arguments will vary between signals • Same issues with composition per-class and static usage as seen in event systems ZF2 Patterns 82

Solution: Intercepting Filters• Pros • Similar to previous solutions, except that each handler receives the ﬁlter chain as an argument, and is responsible for calling the next in the chain ZF2 Patterns 83

Solution: Intercepting Filters• Pros • Similar to previous solutions, except that each handler receives the ﬁlter chain as an argument, and is responsible for calling the next in the chain • Often, the entire “work” of a method is simply a ﬁlter ZF2 Patterns 83

Solution: Intercepting Filters• Pros • Similar to previous solutions, except that each handler receives the ﬁlter chain as an argument, and is responsible for calling the next in the chain • Often, the entire “work” of a method is simply a ﬁlter • Depending on the design, can allow static/global access ZF2 Patterns 83

Solution: Intercepting Filters• Pros • Similar to previous solutions, except that each handler receives the filter chain as an argument, and is responsible for calling the next in the chain • Often, the entire “work” of a method is simply a filter • Depending on the design, can allow static/global access• Cons • Sometimes difficult to accomplish complex workflows ZF2 Patterns 83

Solution: Intercepting Filters• Pros • Similar to previous solutions, except that each handler receives the filter chain as an argument, and is responsible for calling the next in the chain • Often, the entire “work” of a method is simply a filter • Depending on the design, can allow static/global access• Cons • Sometimes difficult to accomplish complex workflows • Same issues with composition per-class and static usage as seen in event systems ZF2 Patterns 83

Solution: Intercepting Filters• Pros • Similar to previous solutions, except that each handler receives the filter chain as an argument, and is responsible for calling the next in the chain • Often, the entire “work” of a method is simply a filter • Depending on the design, can allow static/global access• Cons • Sometimes difficult to accomplish complex workflows • Same issues with composition per-class and static usage as seen in event systems • Easy to forget to invoke next filter in chain ZF2 Patterns 83

Solution: Intercepting Filters• Pros • Similar to previous solutions, except that each handler receives the filter chain as an argument, and is responsible for calling the next in the chain • Often, the entire “work” of a method is simply a filter • Depending on the design, can allow static/global access• Cons • Sometimes difficult to accomplish complex workflows • Same issues with composition per-class and static usage as seen in event systems • Easy to forget to invoke next filter in chain • Typically, no ability to prioritize filters ZF2 Patterns 83

ZF2: EventManager Component• Cherry-picks from each of PubSub, SignalSlot, and Intercepting Filters to provide a comprehensive solution ZF2 Patterns 84

ZF2: EventManager Component• Cherry-picks from each of PubSub, SignalSlot, and Intercepting Filters to provide a comprehensive solution• Cannot completely solve the composition/static usage issues • We can solve the composition problem in PHP 5.4 via Traits ZF2 Patterns 84

ZF2: EventManager Component• Cherry-picks from each of PubSub, SignalSlot, and Intercepting Filters to provide a comprehensive solution• Cannot completely solve the composition/static usage issues • We can solve the composition problem in PHP 5.4 via Traits • There are some elegant ways to handle static usage ZF2 Patterns 84

EventCollection Interface namespace ZendEventManager; use ZendStdlibCallbackHandler; interface EventCollection { public function trigger($event, $context, $argv = array()); public function triggerUntil($event, $context, $argv, $callback); public function attach($event, $callback, $priority = 1); public function detach(CallbackHandler $handle); public function getEvents(); public function getHandlers($event); public function clearHandlers($event); } ZF2 Patterns 85

Triggering Events use ZendEventManagerEventManager; $events = new EventManager(); $events->trigger($eventName, $object, $params); /* Where: * - $eventName is the name of the event; usually the current * method name * - $object is the object triggering the event * - $params are the parameters the handler might need to access, * usually the method arguments */ ZF2 Patterns 86

CallbackHandler $handler = $events->attach(’some-event’, function($e) use ($log) { $event = $e->getName(); $context = get_class($e->getTarget()); $params = json_encode($e->getParams()); $log->info(sprintf("%s: %s: %s", $event, $context, $params)); }); ZF2 Patterns 87

CallbackHandler with priority $handler = $events->attach(’some-event’, function($e) use ($log) { /* same as before */ }, 100); // Prioritize! (higher numbers win) ZF2 Patterns 88

Interrupting execution: testing results $results = $events->triggerUntil(’some-event’, $o, $argv, function($result) { return ($result instanceof SomeType); }); if ($results->stopped()) { return $results->last(); } ZF2 Patterns 89

Interrupting execution: via handlers $events->attach(’some-event’, function($e) { $result = new Result; $e->stopPropagation(true); return $result; }); $results = $events->trigger(’some-event’, $object, $params); if ($results->stopped()) { return $results->last(); } ZF2 Patterns 90

Composing an EventManager use ZendEventManagerEventCollection as Events, ZendEventManagerEventManager; class Foo { protected $events; public function events(Events $events = null) { if (null !== $events) { $this->events = $events; } elseif (null === $this->events) { $this->events = new EventManager(__CLASS__); } return $this->events; } public function doSomething($param1, $param2) { $params = compact(’param1’, ’param2’); $this->events()->trigger(__FUNCTION__, $this, $params); } } ZF2 Patterns 91

Using a Trait! use ZendEventManagerEventCollection as Events, ZendEventManagerEventManager; trait Eventful { public function events(Events $events = null) { if (null !== $events) { $this->events = $events; } elseif (null === $this->events) { $this->events = new EventManager(__CLASS__); } return $this->events; } } class Foo { use Eventful; protected $events; } ZF2 Patterns 92

Connecting handlers statically use ZendEventManagerStaticEventManager; $events = StaticEventManager::getInstance(); $events->connect(’Foo’, ’some-event’, function ($e) { /* ... */ }); ZF2 Patterns 93

Recommendations• Name your events using __FUNCTION__ • If triggering multiple events in the same method, sufﬁx with a “.(pre|post|etc.)” ZF2 Patterns 94

Recommendations• Name your events using __FUNCTION__ • If triggering multiple events in the same method, sufﬁx with a “.(pre|post|etc.)”• Provide the EventManager constructor with both the class name and one or more “service” names, to make static attachment more semantic ZF2 Patterns 94

Recommendations• Name your events using __FUNCTION__ • If triggering multiple events in the same method, sufﬁx with a “.(pre|post|etc.)”• Provide the EventManager constructor with both the class name and one or more “service” names, to make static attachment more semantic • This allows a single callback to listen to many components! ZF2 Patterns 94

Dependency Injection

What is Dependency Injection?Quite simply: deﬁning ways to passdependencies into an object. ZF2 Patterns 96

What is Dependency Injection?Quite simply: deﬁning ways to passdependencies into an object. namespace MyHelper; class Url { public function __construct(Request $request) { $this->request = $request; } public function setRouter(Router $router) { $this->router = $router; } } ZF2 Patterns 96

So, why do people fear it?• They don’t. ZF2 Patterns 97

So, why do people fear it?• They don’t.• They fear Dependency Injection Containers. ZF2 Patterns 97

What’s a Dependency Injection Container? Put simply: an object graph for mapping dependency relations between objects. ZF2 Patterns 98

Again, why do people fear it? It looks like magic. ZF2 Patterns 99

Object with Dependencies namespace MyHelper; class Url { public function __construct(Request $request) { $this->request = $request; } public function setRouter(Router $router) { $this->router = $router; } } ZF2 Patterns 100

Another Object with Dependencies namespace mwopMvc; class Router { public function addRoute(Route $route) { $this->routes->push($route); } } ZF2 Patterns 101

Grabbing an object and using it $urlHelper = $di->get(’url-helper’); echo $url->generate(’/css/site.css’); echo $url->generate(array(’id’ => $id), array(’name’ => ’blog’)); ZF2 Patterns 102

The questions• How can I be sure I have my dependencies? ZF2 Patterns 103

The questions• How can I be sure I have my dependencies? • You deﬁne them explicitly. ZF2 Patterns 103

The questions• How can I be sure I have my dependencies? • You deﬁne them explicitly. • You retrieve the object via the container, which ensures the deﬁnitions are used. ZF2 Patterns 103

The questions• How can I be sure I have my dependencies? • You define them explicitly. • You retrieve the object via the container, which ensures the definitions are used.• Where do I define these? ZF2 Patterns 103

The questions• How can I be sure I have my dependencies? • You define them explicitly. • You retrieve the object via the container, which ensures the definitions are used.• Where do I define these? • Either programmatically, via configuration, or using a tool. ZF2 Patterns 103

The questions• How can I be sure I have my dependencies? • You define them explicitly. • You retrieve the object via the container, which ensures the definitions are used.• Where do I define these? • Either programmatically, via configuration, or using a tool.• If I call $object = new Foo(), how do I force using different dependencies? ZF2 Patterns 103

The questions• How can I be sure I have my dependencies? • You define them explicitly. • You retrieve the object via the container, which ensures the definitions are used.• Where do I define these? • Either programmatically, via configuration, or using a tool.• If I call $object = new Foo(), how do I force using different dependencies? • Calling new doesn’t use the container. In fact, nothing forces you to use one! ZF2 Patterns 103

Why use one?If instantiation of your object is not under yourdirect control (e.g. controllers), how do youretain control over your dependencies? ZF2 Patterns 104

Why use one?If instantiation of your object is not under yourdirect control (e.g. controllers), how do youretain control over your dependencies?• Different data access based on application environment ZF2 Patterns 104

Why use one?If instantiation of your object is not under yourdirect control (e.g. controllers), how do youretain control over your dependencies?• Different data access based on application environment• Substituting mock/stub implementations during testing ZF2 Patterns 104

ZF2 Approach• Standardize on a Service Locator interface ZF2 Patterns 105

ZF2 Approach• Standardize on a Service Locator interface• Provide a performant DI solution, and integrate it into a Service Locator ZF2 Patterns 105

ZF2 Approach• Standardize on a Service Locator interface• Provide a performant DI solution, and integrate it into a Service Locator• Provide tooling to aid in creating DI deﬁnitions during development ZF2 Patterns 105

Service Locator interface namespace ZendDi; interface ServiceLocation { public function set($name, $service); public function get($name, array $params = null); } ZF2 Patterns 106

Dependency Injector interface namespace ZendDi; interface DependencyInjection { public function get($name, array $params = null); public function newInstance($name, array $params = null); public function setDefinitions($definitions); public function setDefinition( DependencyDefinition $definition, $serviceName = null); public function setAlias($alias, $serviceName); public function getDefinitions(); public function getAliases(); } ZF2 Patterns 107

Deﬁnitions namespace ZendDi; interface DependencyDefinition { public function __construct($className); public function getClass(); public function setConstructorCallback($callback); public function getConstructorCallback(); public function hasConstructorCallback(); public function setParam($name, $value); public function setParams(array $params); public function setParamMap(array $map); public function getParams(); public function setShared($flag = true); public function isShared(); public function addTag($tag); public function addTags(array $tags); public function getTags(); public function hasTag($tag); public function addMethodCall($name, array $args); public function getMethodCalls(); } ZF2 Patterns 108

References namespace ZendDi; interface DependencyReference { public function __construct($serviceName); public function getServiceName(); } ZF2 Patterns 109

Class Deﬁnition use ZendDiDefinition, ZendDiReference; $mongo = new Definition(’Mongo’); $mongoDB = new Definition(’MongoDB’); $mongoDB->setParam(’conn’, new Reference(’mongo’)) ->setParam(’name’, ’test’); $coll = new Definition(’MongoCollection’); $coll->setParam(’db’, new Reference(’mongodb’)) ->setParam(’name’, ’resource’); $di->setDefinitions(array( ’mongo’ => $mongo, ’mongodb’ => $mongoDB, ’resource’ => $coll, )); $resource = $di->get(’resource’); ZF2 Patterns 110

Setter Injection use ZendDiDefinition, ZendDiReference; $service = new Definition(’mwopServiceResources’); $service->addMethod(’setResource’, array( new Reference(’resource’) )); $di->setDefinition(’resources’, $service); $resources = $di->get(’resources’); ZF2 Patterns 111

Making it faster• Specify constructor parameter maps in deﬁnitions ZF2 Patterns 112

Making it faster• Specify constructor parameter maps in deﬁnitions• Generate Service Locators from a DI container ZF2 Patterns 112

Parameter maps $mongoDB->setParam(’conn’, new Reference(’mongo’)) ->setParam(’name’, ’test’) ->setParamMap(array( ’conn’ => 0, ’name’ => 1, )); // Ensures parameters are in order, without needing // to resort to Reflection API. ZF2 Patterns 113

Generating a Service Locator from DI use ZendDiContainerBuilder as DiBuilder; $builder = new DiBuilder($injector); $builder->setContainerClass(’AppContext’); $container = $builder->getCodeGenerator( __DIR__ . ’/../application/AppContext.php’ ); // Returns instance of ZendCodeGeneratorPhpPhpFile $container->write(); // Write to disk ZF2 Patterns 114

Example of a generated locator use ZendDiDependencyInjectionContainer; class AppContext extends DependencyInjectionContainer { public function get($name, array $params = array()) { switch ($name) { case ’request’: case ’ZendHttpRequest’: return $this->getZendHttpRequest(); default: return parent::get($name, $params); } } public function getZendHttpRequest() { if (isset($this->services[’ZendHttpRequest’])) { return $this->services[’ZendHttpRequest’]; } $object = new ZendHttpRequest(); $this->services[’ZendHttpRequest’] = $object; return $object; } } ZF2 Patterns 115

Using a generated locator $context = new AppContext(); $request = $context->get(’request’); // Same as using a Service Locator or DI Container! ZF2 Patterns 116

Making it simpler• Use conﬁguration ﬁles ZF2 Patterns 117

Making it simpler• Use conﬁguration ﬁles• Can use any format supported by ZendConfig ZF2 Patterns 117

Conﬁguration (JSON) { "production": { "definitions": [ { "class": "Mongo" }, { "class": "MongoDB", "params": { "conn": {"__reference": "mongocxn"}, "name": "mwoptest" }, "param_map": { "conn": 0, "name": 1 } }, { "class": "MongoCollection", "params": { "db": {"__reference": "MongoDB"}, "name": "entries" }, "param_map": { "db": 0, "name": 1 } } ], "aliases": { "mongocxn": "Mongo", "mongo-collection-entries": "MongoCollection" } } } ZF2 Patterns 118

What are the use cases in ZF2? One big one. ZF2 Patterns 119

What are the use cases in ZF2? One big one. Pulling MVC controllers from the container ZF2 Patterns 119

An Action Controller namespace BlogController; class Entry implements Dispatchable { public function setResource(Resource $resource) { $this->resource = $resource; } public function dispatch(Request $request, Response $response = null) { /* ... */ $entry = $this->resource->get($id); /* ... */ } } ZF2 Patterns 120

The Front Controller class FrontController implements Dispatchable { public function __construct(DependencyInjection $di) { $this->di = $di; } public function dispatch(Request $request, Response $response = null) { /* ... */ $controller = $this->di->get($controllerName); $result = $controller->dispatch($request, $response); /* ... */ } } ZF2 Patterns 121

Beneﬁts to using DI this way• Performance ZF2 Patterns 122

Beneﬁts to using DI this way• Performance• Code de-coupling ZF2 Patterns 122

Beneﬁts to using DI this way• Performance• Code de-coupling• Simpliﬁcation of controller code ZF2 Patterns 122

More to come!• First-run compilation ZF2 Patterns 123

More to come!• First-run compilation• Tools for scanning classes or namespaces to build deﬁnitions ZF2 Patterns 123

More to come!• First-run compilation• Tools for scanning classes or namespaces to build deﬁnitions• Interface injection ZF2 Patterns 123

More to come!• First-run compilation• Tools for scanning classes or namespaces to build deﬁnitions• Interface injection• . . . and likely more. ZF2 Patterns 123

MVC Patterns

The Problems• How do controllers get dependencies? ZF2 Patterns 125

The Problems• How do controllers get dependencies?• How do we accommodate different controller patterns? • What if we want to ﬁne-tune action selection after routing, based on other data in the request environment? ZF2 Patterns 125

The Problems• How do controllers get dependencies?• How do we accommodate different controller patterns? • What if we want to ﬁne-tune action selection after routing, based on other data in the request environment? • What if we want to pass arguments to action names, or prevalidate arguments? ZF2 Patterns 125

The Problems• How do controllers get dependencies?• How do we accommodate different controller patterns? • What if we want to ﬁne-tune action selection after routing, based on other data in the request environment? • What if we want to pass arguments to action names, or prevalidate arguments? • What if we don’t like the “Action” sufﬁx in action methods? ZF2 Patterns 125

The Problems• How do controllers get dependencies?• How do we accommodate different controller patterns? • What if we want to ﬁne-tune action selection after routing, based on other data in the request environment? • What if we want to pass arguments to action names, or prevalidate arguments? • What if we don’t like the “Action” sufﬁx in action methods? • What if . . . ?• How can we better use server components within the MVC? ZF2 Patterns 125

The Problems• How do controllers get dependencies?• How do we accommodate different controller patterns? • What if we want to ﬁne-tune action selection after routing, based on other data in the request environment? • What if we want to pass arguments to action names, or prevalidate arguments? • What if we don’t like the “Action” sufﬁx in action methods? • What if . . . ?• How can we better use server components within the MVC?• How can we make the MVC more performant? ZF2 Patterns 125

The basic structure of a web application is that of aRequest/Response lifecycle ZF2 Patterns 126

The Dispatchable Interface namespace ZendStdlib; interface Dispatchable { public function dispatch( Request $request, Response $response = null ); } ZF2 Patterns 127

Request and Response• Both the Request and Response simply aggregate metadata and content ZF2 Patterns 128

Request and Response• Both the Request and Response simply aggregate metadata and content• The Response also has the ability to send itself ZF2 Patterns 128

Request and Response• Both the Request and Response simply aggregate metadata and content• The Response also has the ability to send itself• HTTP-speciﬁc variants will be the core of the MVC • To provide convenience around superglobals, cookies, and common tasks such as determining Accept and Content-Type headers ZF2 Patterns 128

Anything dispatchable can attach to the MVCDispatchable is simply a formalization ofthe Command pattern ZF2 Patterns 129

Anything dispatchable can attach to the MVCDispatchable is simply a formalization ofthe Command pattern• Controllers ZF2 Patterns 129

Anything dispatchable can attach to the MVCDispatchable is simply a formalization ofthe Command pattern• Controllers• Servers ZF2 Patterns 129

Anything dispatchable can attach to the MVCDispatchable is simply a formalization ofthe Command pattern• Controllers• Servers• Whatever you may dream of! Just implement Dispatchable! ZF2 Patterns 129

Simple Front Controller Prototype public function dispatch(Request $request, Response $response = null) { $params = compact(’request’, ’response’); $this->events()->trigger(__FUNCTION__ . ’.route.pre’, $this, $params); $result = $this->getRouter()->route($request); if (!$result) { $result = array(’controller’ => ’page’, ’page’ => 404); } $params[’routing’] = (object) $result; $this->events()->trigger(__FUNCTION__ . ’.route.post’, $params); $controller = $this->di->get($params[’routing’]->controller); if (!$controller instanceof Dispatchable) { $controller = new NotFoundController(); } $result = $controller->dispatch($request, $response); $params[’__RESULT__’] = $result; $this->events()->trigger(__FUNCTION__ . ’.dispatch.post’, $params); return $response; } ZF2 Patterns 130

Getting Involved

Contribute to ZF2!• ZF2 wiki: http://bit.ly/zf2wiki• zf-contributors mailing list: zf-contributors-subscribe@lists.zend.com• IRC: #zftalk.dev on Freenode ZF2 Patterns 133

ZF2 Git Repository• Git guide: http://bit.ly/zf2gitguide• GitHub: http://github.com/zendframework/zf2• Ofﬁcial repo: git://git.zendframework.com/zf.git http://git.zendframework.com/• You still need to sign a CLA! ZF2 Patterns 134

References• ZF2 Dependency Injection Proposal http://bit.ly/zf2diproposal http://bit.ly/zf2diprototype• ZF2 DI/MVC prototype sandbox http://bit.ly/zf2sandbox (mobile-layout branch is latest) ZF2 Patterns 135

Thank You!• Feedback: http://joind.in/3339• Twitter: http://twitter.com/weierophinney• Zend Framework: http://framework.zend.com/ ZF2 Patterns 136

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Zend Framework 2.0 Patterns Tutorial

by Matthew Weier O'Phinney

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