VSD Treatment

VSD Surgery In India – Costs, Experience Of Doctors And Convenience VSD In India Patent ductusarteriosus (PDA) is a persistent, abnormal opening between two major blood vessels leading from the heart. Fortunately, this heart defect present at birth (congenital) often closes on its own or is readily treatable. A small patent ductusarteriosus often doesn't cause symptoms. A doctor may discover it during a routine exam. An infant with a larger patent ductusarteriosus often has trouble gaining weight and exhibits other symptoms. An older child with a patent ductusarteriosus may not be as active as normal, may tire more easily and may have frequent lung infections. Treatment options for repairing a patent ductusarteriosus include medications and surgery.

Symptoms :- Signs and symptoms of a patent ductusarteriosus vary with the size of the defect and the gestational age of the infant at birth. A small patent ductus may cause no signs or symptoms, and may go undetected for some time. A larger one can cause signs of heart failure soon after birth. A premature infant may have other problems associated with prematurity, and related testing may uncover a heart defect...

Causes:- Patent ductusarteriosus is common in premature babies, but rare in infants born at full term.As a baby develops in the womb, a vascular connection (ductusarteriosus) between two major blood vessels leading from the heart — the aorta and pulmonary artery — is a normal and necessary part of fetal circulation. But, this duct is supposed to close within two or three days after birth once the newborn's heart adapts to life outside the womb. In premature infants, the duct often closes on its own within a few weeks of birth. But if the duct remains open, it's referred to as a patent ductusarteriosus. The abnormal opening causes too much blood to circulate to the lungs and heart. If not treated, the blood pressure in the lungs may increase (pulmonary hypertension) and the heart may weaken...

When to seek medical adviceCall your doctor if your infant or child :Tires easily when eating or playing.Is not gaining weight .Becomes breathless when eating or crying.Always breathes rapidly or is short of breath.Turns dusky or blue when crying or eating.Tests and diagnosis:-Your baby's doctor may detect a heart defect when listening to his or her heart. Patent ductusarteriosus can cause a heart murmur that your doctor can hear through a stethoscope. If your doctor hears a heart murmur or finds other signs or symptoms of a heart defect,

Tires easily when eating or playing.

Is not gaining weight .

Becomes breathless when eating or crying.

Always breathes rapidly or is short of breath.

Turns dusky or blue when crying or eating.

He or she may request one or more of these tests : -Echocardiogram: - An echocardiogram uses sound waves to produce a video image of the heart. This image can help doctors see the heart chambers and evaluate how well the heart is pumping. This test also checks the heart valves and looks for any other heart defects....Chest X-ray : - An X-ray image helps the doctor see the condition of your baby's heart and lungs and the amount of blood in the lungs. An X-ray may identify conditions other than a heart defect that may explain your baby's symptoms...Electrocardiogram (ECG) : -This test records the electrical activity of your baby's heart. This test helps diagnose heart defects or rhythm problems.Cardiac catheterization : -In this test, a thin, flexible tube (catheter) is inserted into a blood vessel at your baby's groin or arm and guided through it into the heart. Through catheterization, doctors can do further testing to evaluate congenital heart defects found during echocardiography. In certain defects, treatment procedures can be done during cardiac catheterization to improve the heart's function.

Treatments and drugs In a premature infant, the patent ductusarteriosus often closes on its own in the weeks after birth. In a full-term infant, a patent ductusarteriosus usually will close within the first few days of life. If the defect doesn't close and is causing health problems, medications or surgery may be used to close it...Medications Doctors use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or indomethacin, to help close a patent ductusarteriosus in premature infants. NSAIDs block the hormone-like chemicals in the body that keep the PDA open...

Surgery Surgery to repair a patent ductusarteriosus involves patching or sewing shut the abnormal opening. This can be done through an incision in the side of the chest or by catheterization. In cardiac catheterization, a thin tube (catheter) is inserted into a blood vessel in the groin and threaded up to the heart...Preventive antibiotics In the past, it was recommended that people with an unrepaired patent ductusarteriosus take antibiotics before dental work and certain types of surgical procedures to prevent infective endocarditis.But new guidelines issued by the American Heart Association in 2007 have substantially revised this recommendation. After weighing the risks and benefits of preventive antibiotics, the reviewing committee found that the risks outweighed the benefits for most people, except a small group at high risk of serious complications of infectious endocarditis...

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