Being Dangerous with Twig

Symfony Live 2011being dangerous with Twiga short story by Ryan WeaverFebruary 9, 2011

being dangerous with Twig A 5-step guide to using Twig – the fast, secure and extensible PHP templating engine – to create clean template code, leverage powerful filters, make your designers write you love letters, write template functions that dont clog up yourglobal PHP namespace, take advantage of true template inheritance, hang out withDjango programmers and be able to talk template syntax, enjoy true and non- invasiveoutput escaping, have more time for your family, control whitespace, add global variables to all templates, stop lying when you try to tell yourself that <?php echo looks better than a simple {{, use the fancy for-else control, Rock some macros – little reusable code functions, do awesome stuff like “{% if i is divisibleby 2 %}”, mediate in the simplicity of your templates and drink more green tea, sandbox your template and whitelist capabilities – allowing Twig to be used in a CMS, take advantage of the fact that all templates compile to PHP classes that can extend a base class of your choosing, impress your friends by changing the print tag from {{ var }} to [all-your-base] var [are-belong-to-us], confuse the guy next to you by changing “is” and “is not” to mean the opposite things and convince him that hes misunderstood how logical expressions are used in programming languages all along, create a custom tag that takes the body of its block and tweets it, write templates the expresses presentation and not program logic. Ryan Weaver Symfony Live 2011

@weaverryan » symfony » documentation » collaboration » the lovely @leannapelham

iostudio: flying the symfony flag ● Advertising & Integrated Marketing Solutions • coming to you from » Nashville, TN » Washington, D.C. • 150 employees • and were hiring!

act 1 Why Twig?

because templateengines are awesome

Template enginesA template engine allows you to render apresentation (HTML, XML, etc) via a templatein a controlled environmentIt should allow special functionality thatmakes creating templates easier (helpers,template inheritance, etc)

a template engine is a tool

why not just render PHP templates?

PHP templating woes» rendering template files is a hack: an include statement with output-buffering control» no or faked template inheritance» no isolation: PHP templates suck in any global variables or functions available

we need the brevity of templateswith the isolation of object-oriented programming

so give me some Twiggy pudding Twig is: Twig offers: » fast » true inheritance » flexible » real output escaping » concise » tons of filters » secure » custom tags » fully-featured » great documentation » Extensible » global variables » designer-friendly » the “for-else” control http://www.twig-project.org

Twig is concise and each templatecompiles to an actual PHP object

seeing is believing

a moment oftemplating zen

“The template system is meant toexpress presentation, not program logic.” - Django documentation

Twig can easily be used anywhere

act 2 Twigs simple life

Twigs three tagsTwig parses just three simple tags: » comment tag » print tag » block tag

a. do nothing (comment tags){# comment #} » totally ignored when rendered

b. say something (print tags){{ print me! }} » prints the given expression » think “<?php echo” » If youre ultimately printing something, use this tag

c. do something (block tags){% set foo = inside a block tag %} » used mostly for control-flow statements like if, for, include and block » can have beginning and end tags » if youre *doing* something and not *printing* something, use this tag

Twigs three tags » do nothing: {# comment tag #} » say something: {{ print tag }} » do something: {% block tag %} its just that simple

act 3 Everything is an expression

expressions: Twig guts » like PHP, most everything inside a tag is an expression » expressions are the most interesting and flexible part of Twig

Expressions Block names Block-specific tokens

an expression can consist of many different things

strings, variables, arrays, functions, filters, tests, subscripts...

strings, numbers and variables » like any language, strings, numbers and variables are commonplace

arrays and hashes » arrays use [], hashes use {}

operators » twig has operators just like PHP, but extensible and with some extras

filters » a filter always follows a pipe (|) and modifies the value that precedes it » a filter may or may not take arguments

functions » just like PHP, returns a value based on some input

twig expresses himself » strings, numbers and variables » arrays and hashes » operators » filters » functions hey – its simple like PHP, but flexible...

act 4 twig on the battlefield

the test... » a template that displays a list of “widgets” in odd-even rows » render tags and other info about each widget » create basic, clean pagination

block tagprint tag

Lets clean things up

filter to title-case the widget namefilters to strip tagsand shorten thewidgets description

your presenter is lying to you... » the “truncate” filter isnt part of Twig, but is available via a repository of extensions » Everything in Twig is loaded via an Extension (even the core stuff) » Extensions are easy to use and create – well prove it later * https://github.com/fabpot/Twig-extensions

odd/even classes like a boss

Twig function cycles throughthe given array items Special variable available inside all “for” loops. The “loop” variable knows other tricks like “loop.last” and “loop.revindex”

flex some filters

apply the date filterchain filters to turn a list of tagsinto a comma-separated list

convenience, readability

even managementknows what this does

pagination?

function returns a positive radius of numbers around the center (e.g. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)the awesome loop variable tells uswhen were in the last iteration

the audacity: your speaker just lied again » but.... the “radius” function doesnt actually exist in Twig. but since its pretty handy, lets create it!

act 5 Twig extensions

Twig extensions everything in Twig is loaded by an “Extension” class: » filters » functions » operators » tests (e.g. divisbleby) » custom tags Extensions are EASY!

step 1: create a class that extends Twig_Extension

step 2: tell Twig about the extension

step 2: tell Twig about the extension (Symfony2)* dont forget to import this file from your applications configuration (i.e. app/config/config.yml)

step 3: add some guts to the extension class

step 4: Celebrate!!!* buy a round of drinks* watch the sun set* kiss that cute girl at the coffee shop

I want more! ok great – do some reading! » http://www.twig-project.org/doc/advanced.html » http://www.twig-project.org/doc/extensions.html seriously – the Twig docs are quite excellent

act 6 after-dinner mint mmm

screw with the Twig syntax » because Twig is totally sandboxed (i.e. you control exactly what can and cannot be done inside a template, Twig is a perfect fit for a CMS. » and if Twigs syntax scares your clients... change it!

cool, what about debugging?a debug tag ships with the twig-extensions

the “debug” extension is available for youin Symfony2 - just enable it

prints every variable availableprints the foo variable

but weve only justscratched the surface

theres much much more » inheritance name can be: * an item on an array * property on an object » macros (reusable code bits) * getName() » subscripts or you can force it to *just* fetch “name” as an array item

Twig, hes a people-person » Twigs loves contributions, so *get involved*! » https://github.com/fabpot/twig » https://github.com/fabpot/twig-extensions » http://groups.google.com/group/twig-users

thank you Ryan Weaver iostudio @weaverryan www.thatsquality.com ryan [at] thatsquality.com reach out to me – id love to hear from you!comments, feedback, questions http://joind.in/talk/view/2601

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Being Dangerous with Twig

by Ryan Weaver

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