European Exploration And Colonization

Slide 1: By: slideshare.net

Slide 2: Ear l i er Expl or at i ons ► Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca ► A New Player  Europe ► Nicolo, Maffeo, & Marco Polo, 1271 ► Expansion becomes a state enterprise  monarchs had the authority & the resources. ► Better seaworthy ships. 3. Chinese Admiral Zheng He & the Ming “Treasure Fleet”

Slide 3: Adm r al Zheng H i e Each ship was 400’ long and 160’ wide! 1371-1435

Slide 4: A M of t he K n W l d, ap now or pr e- 1492

Slide 5: M i ves f or Eur opean ot Expl or at intermediaries to i on Crusades  by-pass ► get to Asia. ► Renaissance  curiosity about other lands and peoples. ► Reformation  refugees & missionaries. ► Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue. ► Technological advances. ► Fame and fortune.

Slide 6: N M i t i m Technol ogi es ew ar e Better Maps [Portulan] Hartman Astrolabe (1532) Mariner’s Compass Sextant

Slide 7: NW ew eapons Technol ogy

Slide 8: Pr i nce H y, t he N gat or enr avi School for Navigation, 1419

Slide 9: Museumof N gat i on avi i n Li sbon

Slide 10: Por t uguese M i t i m Em r e ar e pi 1. Exploring the west coast of Africa. 2. Bartolomeo Dias, 1487. 3. Vasco da Gama, 1498. Calicut. 4. Admiral Alfonso de Albuquerque (Goa, 1510; Malacca, 1511).

Slide 11: Zheng H Voyages e’s In 1498, Da Gama reached Calcutta, China’s favorite port!

Slide 12: C i st of o C on [1451-1506] hr ol

Slide 13: C um ol bus’ Four Voyages

Slide 14: O her Voyages of t Expl or at i on

Slide 15: Fer di nand Magel l an & t he Fi r st C r cum i navi gat i on of t he W l d: or Earl y 16c

Slide 16: At l ant i c Expl or at i ons Looking for “El Dorado”

Slide 17: The Fi r st Spani sh Conquest s: The Azt ecs vs. Fer nando C t ez or M ezum I I ont a

Slide 18: The D h of M ezum I I eat ont a

Slide 19: M co Sur r ender s t o exi C t ez or

Slide 20: The Fi r st Spani sh Conquest s: The I ncas vs. Fr anci sco Pi zar r o At ahual pa

Slide 21: Sl aves W ki ng i n a or B azi l i an Sugar M l l r i

Slide 23: The “C um an Exchange” ol bi Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes     Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine     Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO     Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE     Syphilis  Trinkets  Liquor  GUNS  Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice     Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley     Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats     Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE     Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox     Flu Typhus Measles Malaria     Diptheria Whooping Cough  

Slide 24: C e of C ycl onquest & C oni zat i on ol Explorers Conq uista dore s Official European Colony! s ie ar on si Perm is M a Sett nent lers

Slide 25: Tr easur es f r omt he Am i cas! er

Slide 26: Tr ans-At l ant i c Sl ave Tr ade

Slide 27: The Sl ave Tr ade ► Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans. ► Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans. Sugar cane & sugar plantations. First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518. 275,000 enslaved Africans exported to other countries. ► Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.

Slide 28: Sl ave Shi p “Middle Passage”

Slide 29: “C f i n” Posi t i on B ow of el Deck

Slide 30: Af r i can C i ves apt Thr ow O boar d n ver Sharks followed the slave ships!

Slide 31: Eur opean Em r es i n t he Am i cas pi er

Slide 32: The C oni al C ass Syst em ol l Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Mulattos Native Indians Black Slaves

Slide 33: Adm ni st r at i on of t he i Spani sh Em r e i n t he N pi ew W ld or ► Encomienda or forced labor. ► Council of the Indies. Viceroy. New Spain and Peru. 3. Papal agreement.

Slide 34: The I nf l uence of t he C oni al ol C hol i c C ch at hur Our Lady of Guadalupe Guadalajara Cathedral Spanish Mission

Slide 35: The Tr eat y of Tor desi l l as, 1494 & The Pope’s Li ne of D ar cat i on em

Slide 36: Fat her B t ol om de Las C ar e asas J New Laws  1542

Slide 37: N C oni al R val s ew ol i ► Portugal lacked the numbers and wealth to dominate trade in the Indian Ocean. ► Spain in Asia  consolidated its holdings in the Philippines. ► First English expedition to the Indies in 1591. Surat in NW India in 1608. 4. Dutch arrive in India in 1595.

Slide 38: N C oni al R val s ew ol i

Slide 39: Im pact of Eur opean ► Native populations on Expansi ravaged by disease. ► Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate. [“Price Revolution”] ► New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”]. ► Deepened colonial rivalries.

Slide 40: 5. N Pat t er ns of W l d ew or Tr ade