This was one of the presentations given at the San Diego County Water Authority's Special Board of Directors' meeting on Oct. 11, 2012. Gary J. Crisp presented this information.

1. DESALINATION IN AUSTRALIA
San Diego County Water Authority
Water Planning Committee
October 11, 2012
Gary J. Crisp
Global Business Leader – Desalination: GHD
BSc. Civil Engineering, C Eng., MICE, CP Eng., FIE Aust., PMP

2. SDCWA Board Presentation - Overview
• Introduction
• The Big Six
• Perth Seawater Desalination Plant (PSDP)
• Comparison Between Sydney, Perth and San Diego
• The Importance of Desalination in Perth and Western
Australia

3. The Big
Australia’s six big desalination plants

4. Australian Rainfall and Desalination
Gold Coast Desal
Plant (operating)_
19-in 45-in Sydney Desal Plant
(operating)
Perth 1 Desal Plant 20-in
(operating) Adelaide Desal Plant
(commissioning)
Perth 2 A & B Desal Plant
(2B under construction) 21-in
Victorian Desal Plant
(commissioning)
*Average
annual rainfall

5. The Big Six – No. 1
Gold Coast Desalination Plant
• Located in Tugin •Commenced operation in Nov. ‘08
• 36 MGD Capacity: 38,000 AF/Y •Green Energy as offset
• Total Capital Cost: $943 million •Status: Hot Standby Mode; local reservoirs near
•Purpose: Supplement surface supply in dry years capacity
Courtesy of SEQWater

6. The Big Six – No. 1
Southeast Queensland Projected Water Sources 2020
10 % desalination
72 % surface water
4 % groundwater
14 % IPR (only if reservoir levels
fall below 40%)

7. Climatic Impacts
Gold Coast Decision Point
Gold Coast
Decision Point
Courtesy of the Water Corporation

8. The Big Six – No. 2
Sydney Desalination Plant
• Located in Kurnell •Commenced operation in Nov. ‘10
• 66 MGD Capacity: 77,000 AF/Y • Wind Power is used as offset
• Total Capital Cost: $1.44 billion •Status: Hot Standby Mode: Local
• Purpose: Supplement surface supply in dry years reservoirs near capacity
Courtesy of Sydney Water

9. The Big Six – No. 2
Sydney Projected Water Sources
2020
15 % desalination
72 % surface water
1 % groundwater
10 % Recycled

10. Climatic Impacts
Sydney Phase 1 Decision Point
Sydney Phase 1
Decision Point
Courtesy of the Water Corporation

11. The Big Six – No. 3
Adelaide Desalination Plant
• To commence operation in Jan. ‘13
• Located in Port Stanvac • Wind Power is used as offset
• 72 MGD Capacity: 70,000 AF/Y • Status: To be placed in Hot Standby
• Total Capital Cost: $1.5 billion Mode; reservoirs and river flows at high
• Purpose: Supplement surface supply in dry years levels
Courtesy of SA Water

12. The Big Six – No. 3
Adelaide Projected Water Sources 2020
49 % desalination
23 % Murray River surface
water
18 % surface water
1 % Recycled

13. Climatic Impacts
Adelaide Phase 1 Decision Point
Adelaide Phase 1
Decision Point - lowest
flow ever recorded
January 2007

14. The Big Six – No. 4
The Victorian Desalination Project
• Located in Wonthaggi • To commence operation in Dec. ‘12
• 120 MGD Capacity: 130,000 AF/Y • Wind Power as offset
• Total Capital Cost: $3.8 billion •Status: Commissioning
•Supplement Surface Supply in dry years
Courtesy of Victorian Government

15. The Big Six – No. 4
Melbourne Projected Water Sources
2020
20 % desalination
80 % surface water

16. Climatic Impacts
Melbourne Desalination Decision Point - 2007
Melbourne
Decision Point 2007

17. The Big Six – No. 5
Perth Seawater Desalination Plant
• Located in Kwinana •Commenced operation in Nov. ‘06
• 38 MGD Capacity: 40,000 AF/Y • Wind Power is used as offset
• Total Capital Cost: $317 million • Status: Operating beyond “name
•Purpose: Base load core supply plate” capacity
Courtesy of Water Corporation

18. The Big Six – No. 5
Perth Projected Water Sources 2020
45 % desalination
21 % surface water
18 %groundwater
16 % groundwater
incorporating ASR

19. Impact of Drying Climate – Western Australia
Perth 1 Decision Point
- Reduced Inflow to Dams (as at 1 Nov 06)
273,906 Acre-Ft
143,435 Acre-Ft
75,122 Acre-Ft
51,864 Acre-Ft
Perth 1 A
Decision Point
972 Acre-Ft
1GL = 810 Acre-Ft
2010 - 11.9 GL = 8640 Acre-Ft
Courtesy of the Water Corporation

20. The Big Six – No. 6
Southern Seawater Desalination Plant
• Located in Binningup
• 80 MGD Capacity: 85,000 AF/Y
• Total Capital Cost: $1.27 billion
• Purpose: Base load core supply
• Commenced operation in Sept. ‘11
• Wind / Solar/ Wave Power as energy offset
• Status: Phase 1: operating
Phase 2: under construction
Courtesy of Water Corporation

21. Impact of Drying Climate – Western Australia
Perth 2A Decision Point
- Reduced Inflow to Dams (as at 1 Nov 06)
Perth 2A/2B
Decision Points
1GL = 810 Acre-Ft
2010 - 11.9 GL = 8640 Acre-Ft
Courtesy of the Water Corporation

22. Environmental Features of Perth 1
6 acres
16 acres

23. Environmental Features of Perth 1
Real Time Monitoring

24. Environmental and Sustainability Attributes
Gold Coast Desalination Plant Intake Courtesy of WaterSecure

25. Comparison Between Sydney, Perth
and San Diego County
City Sydney Perth San Diego County
Population 4,500,000 1,800,000 3,200,000
Approximate Average Rainfall (Inches) 47 19 10
Annual water use (Acre-Ft) 440,000 253,000 542,000
Gallons/ Capita/ Day 87 125 151
Residential Outdoor Water Use Percentage 27 49 60
Local reservoir storage capacity (Acre-ft) 2,092,260 487,337 562,000
Average Local Surface Use as a Percentage of Total Use 84 15 11
Base load Base Load
Purpose for Seawater Desalination Supplement
(Core Supply) (Core supply)

26. San Diego and Perth - Similarities
• Relatively Large West Coast Cities
• Extremely desirable places to live
• Mediterranean Climate
• Relatively low rainfall in reservoir catchments
• No large local surface reservoirs (Sydney,
Melbourne, Brisbane, etc.)

27. Desalination – Perth and Western Australia
The West Australian 20 May 2012
“That’s why we built the
first desalination plant and
the second desalination
plant and we are currently
expanding that”

28. Importance of Desalination in Perth and Western
Australia

29. “Thank You”
“Questions”

30. Importance of Desalination in Perth and Western
Australia
The West Australian 31 August 2012
262.2 mm = 10.33 inches
478.7 mm = 18.9 inches
Courtesy of The West Australian

31. Importance of Desalination in Perth and Western
Australia
Availability and Reliability
• PSDP was designed to produce 40,000 AF (producing 38 MGD, 94% of the
time) . This design was based on many factors:
1. Power Continuity
2. Cleaning Result when pushed
3. Feedwater quality (potential algal blooms –space allocated for future DAF system)
4. Maintenance Available 98% of time
5. Distribution system maintenance and cleaning
6. Redundancy Production up to 41 MGD
7. Rigorous product water quality standards (e.g. Bromine < 0.1 mg/L)
Annual Yield up 12% from
40,000 Acre-Ft to 45,000 Acre Ft

32. Still more Desalination Plants for Perth
• Beenjup Ground Water Replenishment (Recycling and ASR) in
steps of 6,000 AF. per year, accelerated if needed (if low rainfall
persists). Up to 50,000 AF. per year.
• New SWRO Desalination Plants North of Perth within 15 years.
• All future water supply will come from SWRO, so by 2030 with
an annual demand of 240,000 AF/year at least 110,00 AF/year
will be from desalination.

33. Sydney Desalination Plant in Context
As compared to the San Diego System
Why Sydney’s Integrated Water System is Vastly Different to San Diego?
• No Imported water – All local supplies almost exclusively surface water
• One single major source Warragamba Dam -1,642,626 AF (79%)
• High Summer Rainfall (when most water needed)
Average Monthly Rainfall = 3”
79 % of total water
supply Total Available
Storage 1,642,626 AF
(currently 98% available
at 1,620,057 AF )

34. Sydney Desalination Plant in Context
As compared to the San Diego System
79 % of total water supply
Total Available Storage
1,642,626 AF
Annual Production 76,854 AF
Average Annual Demand 486,223
AF = 16% desalinated water
33 % of total water supply Total Available
Storage 648,298 AF
Courtesy of the Sydney Water

35. Perth Desalination Plant in Context
As compared to the San Diego System
Why Perth’s Integrated Water System is Similar San Diego?
• No Imported water – but “supposedly” secure groundwater – similar to
San Diego’s “secure” imported water supply i.e. Groundwater treated like
San Diego’s imported water
• Some small surface water storages with diminishing inflows. Once 50%
of Perth’s water supply, now substantially less than 10%. AF (79%)
• Negligible Summer Rainfall (when most water needed)
Average Monthly Rainfall = 1”
Combined Yield
of Perth
Reservoirs < 10 %
of total water
supply Total

36. Proposed Beenyup ASR Pinjar W ater From the N orth –
2001 Yarragadee Expansion
Neerabup Wanneroo
T he Kimberly Pipeline
Goldfields &
Sth Whitfords Lexia Agricultural WS
Gwelup Mirrabooka Integrated
2002 Yarragadee Bores
PERTH Mundaring
Water Supply
Victoria
Nicholson Rd Pumpstation
Scheme
GROUNDWATER SOURCE Canning (IWSS)
PSDP
Jandakot Wungong
• Ground water north of S wan River
SURFACE WATER SOURCE
• Dams south of S wan River
Serpentine
• Transport over 115 miles from North to
DESALINATION PLANT South
Mandurah Nth Dandalup
Ravenswood Pumpstation
WASTEWATER RECYCLING
PLANT/ASR
South Dandalup
PUMPSTATION
Samson Pipehead Dam
AREA SERVED Harvey Dam and Wokalup
Pipehead Dam
TRUNK MAINS (Irrigation)
Stirling
SSDP II
SSDP I
Harris Pumpback

37. Why High Costs and Time Overruns in the Eastern
States?
• Australia being a very expensive country due to resources boom and low unemployment 5%
• Everyone is Coming to the West or Demanding High Packages in the East so companies have to
pay exceptional wages to compete, and in the case of Melbourne Desalination Plant - - - - - - - -
• - - - - - - Inclement weather
• Very high rainfall and flooding

38. Managing Standing Plants
• Gold Coast Desalination Plant managed with minimal staff in hot
standby mode.
• Plant is maintained in a position to allow ramping up to 133 ML/d
within 72 hours.
• No process step has been “mothballed”.
• The plant operates twice a week to produce enough desalinated water
to flush membranes, the network pipe and reservoir (2 x 25 MLD – 2 x
6 MGD (per week).
• Came to rescue during recent flooding to produce clean drinking water
as conventional water treatment plants inundated with turbidity

39. Environmental and Sustainability Attributes
So !!!
How Many Jumbo Jets to Power Perth Seawater Desalination Plant?

40. So Many Jumbo’s?
=
+
+
+ + +

41. Or, How Many Plants can a Jumbo Power?
=
+
+

42. And the answer is?
and the answer is!
=
One Jumbo Jet can Power 3 Plants
Taking Off Power = 77 MW +
Cruising Power = 65 MW
Full Power of One Engine = 26 MW
Full Power Requirement Perth 1 = 24 MW
300,000 homes (California) or a total 116,000 passengers
transported in one year assuming Jumbo is always full and flies
80% of time then the same amount of energy is used.
+

43. Impact of Drying Climate
- Reduced Inflow to Dams (Reservoirs)
1 GL = 810 Acre-Ft
17.1 GL = 12416 Acre-Ft
Courtesy of the Water Corporation