More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
Statistics final presentation
1. In the name of Allah The most
Beneficent and the most Merciful
2. “STATISTICS & INFERENCE REPORT”
Analysis on Reliable ISP in Karachi
Submitted to:
Sir Rizwan Farooqui
Submitted by:
WAHID JILANI 55301
M. KHIZER HAYAT 55588
MIRZA ATIF BAIG 55383
FAHAD SEHGAL 55540
MUHAMMAD MUDASSIR 55368
MUHAMMAD MOHSIN 55349
3. PTCL Broadband is the largest and the fastest growing Broadband
service in Pakistan. Since its launch on 19th May 2007, PTCL has
acquired 730,000 Broadband customers in over 1000 cities and
towns across Pakistan, leading the proliferation and awareness of
Broadband services across Pakistan.
4. Wateen Telecom delivers complete solutions for Internet, Voice,
Multimedia and Enterprise Solutions that make it the most
comprehensive provider for all of Pakistan’s communication necessities.
An Abu Dhabi Group venture, Wateen’s vision is to take Pakistan into the
digital revolution of the 21st Century and to make Pakistan a regional
communications hub, connecting the East with the West and Central Asia
with the Middle East.
5. WorldCall Telecom Limited (WTL), an Oman Telecommunications
Company (Omantel), is the most reliable and unique telecom and
multimedia service provider in Pakistan.
WorldCall launched its business in June 1996 with payphone
operations.
6. OBJECTIVE
STUDY ABOUT THE RELIABILITY OF
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS (ISP’s)
IN KARACHI
Reliability depends on many factors. For ISP company, it depends on:
• Goodwill of the company in the market,
• Fast speed of internet at low/ affordable charges with consistent
connectivity and satisfied customer services, etc.
For our study we asked Ten (10) Questions related to user choices, preferences and
facilities which they often demand from any ISP.
The data was collected by using Facebook. Following are the Questions which help
us to identify the most Reliable ISP.
7. 1) Gender
2) Age
3) If you have an offer to get DSL (or Internet) connection, which company
connection would you prefer ?
4) How much Speed you will prefer?
5) How much maximum amount would you like to pay?
6) Which type payment mode would you like to pay
(post pay or prepay)
7) How many hours you use internet in a week?
8) How many computers or devices would you like to use?
9) Would you like to recommend your DSL connection to others?
10) Are you satisfy with customer support services?
9. SUMMARY OF SAMPLE DATA
Company Male Female Total Realative Mean Median Variance S.D Min Max
%tage
PTCL 29 14 43 53.75% 1,055 840 95,322 309 840 1,999
WATEEN 16 07 23 28.75% 939 799 72,655 270 799 1,500
WORLD CALL 07 07 14 17.50% 1,700 1,800 78,462 280 1,400 2,400
52 28 80
10. Company Male Female Total Realative Mean Median Variance S.D Min Max
%tage
PTCL 29 14 43 53.75% 1,055 840 95,322 309 840 1,999
WATEEN 16 07 23 28.75% 939 799 72,655 270 799 1,500
WORLD CALL 07 07 14 17.50% 1,700 1,800 78,462 280 1,400 2,400
52 28 80
MEAN
PTCL 1055
World Call 1700
Wateen 939
11. Company Male Female Total Realative Mean Median Variance S.D Min Max
%tage
PTCL 29 14 43 53.75% 1,055 840 95,322 309 840 1,999
WATEEN 16 07 23 28.75% 939 799 72,655 270 799 1,500
WORLD CALL 07 07 14 17.50% 1,700 1,800 78,462 280 1,400 2,400
52 28 80
MEDAIN
PTCL 840
WarldCall 1800
Wateen 799
12. Company Male Female Total Realative Mean Median Variance S.D Min Max
%tage
PTCL 29 14 43 53.75% 1,055 840 95,322 309 840 1,999
WATEEN 16 07 23 28.75% 939 799 72,655 270 799 1,500
WORLD CALL 07 07 14 17.50% 1,700 1,800 78,462 280 1,400 2,400
52 28 80
Variance
PTCL 95
WarldCall 78
Wateen 72
13. Company Male Female Total Realative Mean Median Variance S.D Min Max
%tage
PTCL 29 14 43 53.75% 1,055 840 95,322 309 840 1,999
WATEEN 16 07 23 28.75% 939 799 72,655 270 799 1,500
WORLD CALL 07 07 14 17.50% 1,700 1,800 78,462 280 1,400 2,400
52 28 80
Standard Devaition
WarldCall 280 PTCL 309
Wateen 270
14. Company Male Female Total Realative Mean Median Variance S.D Min Max
%tage
PTCL 29 14 43 53.75% 1,055 840 95,322 309 840 1,999
WATEEN 16 07 23 28.75% 939 799 72,655 270 799 1,500
WORLD CALL 07 07 14 17.50% 1,700 1,800 78,462 280 1,400 2,400
52 28 80
Minimum Maximum
PTCL 840 WarldCall 2400 PTCL 1,999
WarldCall 1400
Wateen 1500
Wateen 799
15. CONFIDENCE OF INTERVAL FOR PROPORTION
Objective:
To construct a 95% Confidence Interval of population proportion of users who are using internet
connection of PTCL, Worldcall and Wateen respectively.
Data and Sample Size:
The data is primary and has been collected through survey from facebook. A sample of 80
individuals’ was taken.
Sampling technique:
The sampling technique that was used in the survey is Convenience Sampling. We
have used sample data from Question 5.
Statistical Method:
We have applied Confidence interval for a population proportion at 95% level of
confidence interval.
16. Statistical Method:
We have applied Confidence interval for a population proportion at 95% level of
confidence interval.
Data:
Variable No. of user Relative ratio
PTCL 43 0.5375
WORLDCALL 14 0.175
WATEEN 23 0.2875
Sampe Size, n = 80
Z value = 1.96
Formula:
Calculation:
PTCL WORLDCALL
( 0.5375 ) + ( 1.960) (0.5375) ( 1 - 05375 ) ( 0.175 ) + ( 1.960) ( 0.175 ) (1 - 0.175 )
80 80
0.428 < p < 0.6465 0.0917 < p < 0.2582
WATEEN
( 0.2875 ) + ( 1.960) ( 0.2875 ) (1 - 0.2875 )
80
0.18832 < p < 0.386
Conclusion:
Hence with 95% confidence the true percentage of internet users of PTCL is
42.18% to 64.65%, Worldcall is 9.17 % to 25.82% and Wateen is 18.83% to
38.6% in Karachi
17. HYPOTHESIS TESTING (Individually)
Objective:
The objective of this test is to find out the average used of internet (in
hrs) in a day by Karachi users.
Sample Size, Data:
• Sample Size: 80 (PTCL 43, Wateen 23, Worldcall 14)
• Primary
• Used Sample data from question # 7
Sampling Technique:
Convenience sampling has been used
Statistical method:
The method we have used is Hypothesis Testing.
Problem:
The researcher claims that the average used of internet in Karachi is 3
hours in a day To test the claim, Is there enough evidence to reject
the claim at α=0.05.
18. Data:
Parameters PTCL WORDLCALL WATEEN
Sample Size ( n ) 43 14 23
Mean (X) 3.52 hrs 3.19 hrs 3.66 hrs
Standard deviation ( s ) 0.957 1.316 1.25
Mean (μ) 3 hrs 3 hrs 3 hrs
Test: Two tailed test.
Step 1
Ho : The average used of internet in Karachi is 3 hrs in a day. (claim)
HA : The average used of internet in Karachi is not 3 hrs in a day.
Step 2
Since ∞ = 0.05 and critical values are +- 1.960 ( PTCL) , +-2.145 ( Worldcall)
and +- 2.069 (Wateen).
Step 3
Formula :
19. **When n < 30, t distribution would be used instead of z. The
formula would changed to ‘ t ’.
Calculation:
PTCL WORLDCALL
z = 3.52 - 3 t = 3.19 - 3
0.957 1.316
43 14
z = 3.563 t = 0.540
Reject H o Accept H o
WATEEN
t = 3.66 - 3
1.25
23
t = 2.532
Reject H o
21. Step 5:
Conclusion
For PTCL and Wateen
Since Z value lies in the rejection region, hence reject Ho and accept HA. Now we
can say that average used of internet in Karachi is not 3 hrs in a day.
For Worldcall
Since Z value lies in the acceptance region, hence accept Ho and reject HA. Now
we can say that average used of internet in Karachi is 3 hrs in a day.
22. HYPOTHESIS TESTING (Collectively)
Objective:
The objective of this test is to find out the average used of internet (in hrs) in a day by Karachi
users.
Sample Size, Data:
• Sample Size: 80 (PTCL 43, Wateen 23, Worldcall 14)
• Primary
• Used Sample data from question # 7
Sampling Technique:
Convenience sampling has been used
Statistical method:
The method we have used is Hypothesis Testing.
Problem:
The researcher claims that the average used of internet in Karachi is 3 hours in a day To test
the claim, Is there enough evidence to reject the claim at ∞=0.05.
23. Data:
80
Sample Size ( n )
Mean (X) 3.50
Standard deviation ( s ) 7.718
Mean (μ) 3 hrs
Test: Two tailed test.
Step 1
Ho : The average used of internet in Karachi is 3 hrs in a day. (claim)
HA : The average used of internet in Karachi is not 3 hrs in a day.
Step 2
Since α = 0.05 and critical values are ±1.960
Step 3
Formula :
Z=
**When n < 30, t distribution would be used instead of z. The formula
would changed to ‘ t ’.
24. Calculation:
Z
=
Step 4
Decision Rule: Two tailed test
0.580
25. Step 5:
Conclusion
For ALL
Since Z value lies in the acceptance region, hence accept Ho and reject HA.
Now we can say that average used of internet in Karachi is 3 hrs in a day.
26. TEST FOR INDEPENDENCE
Objective:
The objective of this test is to find the association between the age of the consumers and
the amount they pay against the Internet Service.
Sample size was 80 and frequency distribution was used for the independence test.
Age Price
799-1200 1201-1600 1600 and + Total
18-20 13 14.3 6 4.95 3 2.75 22
21-22 11 13.65 6 4.725 4 2.625 21
23-25 21 16.25 2 5.625 2 3.125 25
26-30 7 7.8 4 2.7 1 1.5 12
52 18 10 80
E=
E1 = 14.3 E7 = 16.25
E2 = 4.95 E8 = 5.625
E3 = 2.75 E9 = 3.125
E4 = 13.65 E10 = 7.8
E5 = 4.725 E11 = 2.7
E6 = 2.625 E12 = 1.5
27. Statistic Formula:
0.118 1.388
0.227 2.336
0.022 0.405
0.514 0.082
0.344 0.812
0.720 0.166
The sum of all the Chi-Square values:
7.134
28. State the hypotheses:
Ho : There is no association between age of the consumers and the amount they pay
against the internet service.
HA : There is association between age of the consumers and the amount they
pay against the internet service.
Critical Region:
Reject Ho if: > α,ν
V=(r-1)(c-1)
> 0.05 , 6 v=(4-1)(3-1)
v=(3)(2) = 6
= 12.59
29. Graph:
Conclusion:
Do not reject Ho as it does not lie in the critical region and conclude that there is no
association of age to the amount that is paid against the Internet Service.
30. GOODNESS OF FIT TEST
Objective :
To see whether a frequency distribution fits a specific pattern
Sample Size, Data:
•Sample Size: 80 (PTCL 43, Wateen 23, Worldcall 14)
• Primary
• Used Sample data from question # 3 & 10
Sampling Technique:
Convenience sampling has been used
Data:
CLAIM
A CEO of Internet company wishes to know that whether customers show any preference
while selecting Internet Service Provider (ISP)?. The samples of 80 observations were taken
from Question 3 and 10 and let Alpha value is 0.05.
No. of subscribers
PTCL WATEEN WORLDCALL
43 23 14
31. Solution:
Step 1
State the hypotheses:
Ho : Customers does not show equal preference while selecting Internet Service
Provider (ISP) (Claim)
HA : Customers show equal preference while selecting Internet Service Provider (ISP)
If there were no preference, one would expect each frequency to be selected with equal
frequency. In this case 80/4 = 26.666
PTCL WATEEN WORLDCALL
Observed value 43 23 14
Expected value 26.66 26.66 26.66
Step 2
Find the critical value. The degree of freedom are (c-1) = 3 - 1 = 2 and the critical value
from Chi-square table is = 5.991 at alpha is 0.05.
Step 3
Formula for test value:
= (O – E) 2
E
X = (43 – 26.66)2 + ( 23 – 26.66) 2 + ( 14 – 26.66) 2
26.66 26.66 26.66 = 16.529
32. Step 4
GRAPH
Right - Tailed - Test
Make the decision. The decision is to reject null hypothesis, since
16.5291 > 5.991
Step 5
CONCLUSION
The value lies in rejection region so reject Ho and accept HA, it can be concluded that
Customers does not show equal preference while selecting Internet Service Provider. So
Test is “Not a good fit”.
33. CONCLUSION
“ We can say PTCL is a most reliable ISP in Karachi ”
Because the company is offering some unique services as compared to
competitors. Like DSL, Smart TV and Land line in ONE connection and also
offering fast internet speed with consistent connectivity and also maintaining
satisfied customer services. The most important benefit for student is 30%
reduction on internet charges.
34. REFERENCES
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM
WWW.GOOGLE.COM
WWW.GEO.TV
WWW.PTCL.COM.PK
WWW.WORLDCALL.COM.PK
WWW.WATEEN.COM
Statistics for Business and Economics 6th Edition by PAUL NEW BOLD